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Which of the following were necessary conditions and which the causes of early urbanization, and which would you say were the outcome of the growth of cities: a highly productive agriculture b water transport c the lack of metal and stone c the division of labor e the use of seals f the military power of kings that made labor compulsory?
Answer: Following were the necessary conditions for urbanization:. Question 3. Why were mobile animal herders not necessarily a threat to town life? Answer: Mobile animal herders were required to exchange ghee, metal tools, grains, etc. So they were not a threat to town life.
Question 4. Why would the early temple have been much like a house? Answer: Early settlers began to build temples at selected spots in their villages. The earliest known temple was a small shrine made of unbaked bricks. These early temples were much like a house because they were small in size.
There used to be an open courtyard around which rooms were constructed. Temples were the residence of various gods. Temples also had their outer wall going in and out at regular intervals, which no ordinary building ever had. Question 5. Of the new institutions that came into being once city life had begun, which would have depended on the initiative of the king? Answer: Temple, trade, seal making , sculpture and the art of writing were the new institutions that came into being with the beginning of the city life.
These institutions depended on the initiative of the king. Question 6. What do ancient stories tell us about the civilization of Mesopotamia? Answer: Ancient stories of Mesopotamia are valuable sources of information. As per the stories, Mesopotamia is situated between two rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates. Mesopotamia was one of the advanced civilizations of its time. Its society was divided into three classes, i. People belonging to upper classes led a life full of comforts and luxury and enjoyed special privileges.
Agriculture was the main occupation of the people. Their life was normally prosperous. Religion was an important part of their life and people worshiped many gods and goddesses. Shamas was their main God. It was the Sun. Ziggurat was the name given to Sumerian temples. Another description from the Bible: According to the Bible, the flood was meant to destroy all forms of life on the earth. However, God chose a man, Noah, to ensure that life could continue after devastating flood on the earth.
Noah, built a huge boat, an ark. He took a pair each of all known species of animals and birds on the board, the arks which survived the flood. When other things were destroyed by the flood, his boat remained safe along with all the species. Thus began a new life on the earth. There was a similar striking story in Mesopotamian tradition, where the principal character was called Ziusudra or Utnapishtim.
Where is Mesopotamia? Answer: Mesopotamia is in the republic of Iraq. It is situated between two world-famous rivers; Euphrates and Tigris.
The ancient Mesopotamian civilization also flourished in this region. For which reason the Mesopotamian river is well known? Answer: It is well known for its development of city life, rich literature, and mathematics. When and where did archaeological work begin in Mesopotamia first of all? Answer: First of all, archaeological work began in Mesopotamia in at the given sites.
Hence, the land lying or situated between two rivers Tigris and Euphrates is called Mesopotamia. What does the Bible depict about floods? Answer: According to the Holy book of Christian, i. However, God chose a human being Noah to ensure that life must go on after the flood. Where was city life developed first of all in the world?
Name the cities also. Answer: The city life developed or came into being first of all in the world in Mesopotamia. These earliest developed cities were:. Question 7. Which type of cities came into prominence in Mesopotamian civilization? Answer: These types of cities came into prominence in Mesopotamian civilization. These were:. Question 8. Which were the major crops produced during Roman civilization?
Answer: The major crops grown during the Roman civilization were wheat, peas, lintel and barley. Question 9. What were the reasons behind the development or growth of urbanization in Mesopotamia? Answer: The reasons behind the growth of urbanization in Mesopotamia were the following;.
Question When did ancient town begin to flourish in Mesopotamia? Answer; The ancient town flourished in Mesopotamia dated back to bronze age, i. Which was the ancient town of Mesopotamia? Name its capital also.
Answer: Uruk was the ancient town of Mesopotamia. Its capital was Baghdad. It was one of the magnificent towns of that time. Answer: i Two rulers of Uruk were Enmerkar and Gilgamesh. Who founded Ur and when?
Answer: Ur was founded by Mesanepada. It was founded in BCE. This town was a famous part as well as a trading town. List some items which are essential for urban development.
Answer: Efficient transport network, trade, crafts, services, etc. Name the archaeologists who carried out excavation work at Ur. Answer: J. Taylor, Sir Leonard Woollesy, R. Thompson and H. Hall carried out excavation work at Ur. What do you know about Mari? Answer: Mari was a famous town of Mesopotamia. It was destroyed by Akkad ruler Sargon in , but regained her lost glory after B. Who was the famous ruler of Mari?
Answer: The famous ruler of Mari was Zimrilion who constructed a beautiful palace which was spread over hectares and having rooms. Where is Nimrod? By which name Nimrod was also known as? By whom and when was it excavated? Answer: Nimrod was a famous town in Mesopotamia. It was situated on the southern bank of the river Tigris. In ancient period, it was also known as Kalhu. This town was first excavated by Herry Austen Layard in Who founded Nimrod?
Where was it founded? What did Mesopotamian tablets contain? When were these tablets written? Answer: The Mesopotamian tablets contained only symbols and numbers.
Answer: The Mesopotamian script was pictographic. It represented signs, symbols, and pictures to depict objects. It was around BCE when a system of writing known as cuneiform developed. By which language was it replaced? This was replaced by Akkadian language around BCE.
What is the meaning of Cuneiform? Thus, the wedge shaped symbols which represent the syllable and sound of a word is called cuneiform. What were the main social classes of early cities? Or How was Mesopotamian society divided? Answer: Society was divided into three classes. These classes included:. The upper class consisted of priest, king and officials. The middle class consisted of traders, merchants, landlords, etc.
What was the status of women during early states? Answer: The status of women was very good during early states. They were free from social restrictions and could hold any desirable post with her ability. Which was the center of main urban institution? Answer: Temple was the main center of urban institution where all kinds of things related to daily uses of the commoners were carried out. Answer: In spite of natural fertility, agriculture was subject to hazards because:.
How did the chiefs increase their influence? Answer: During the warfare those chiefs who emerged as victorious, distributed their loot among their followers and also took prisoners from defeated groups and employed them as their guards.
Thus the victorious chiefs increased their influence by the need of their followers and showing kindness towards the defeated. Which was the earliest temple town of Egypt? How did it become reliable? Answer: Uruk was the earliest temple town of Egypt. It became reliable from the depictions of armed heroes and their victims. Why was literacy rate so slow in Mesopotamia? Answer: The large number of symbols coupled with the complexity of the language led to low literacy rate in Mesopotamia.
Which type of family system was prevalent in Mesopotamian society? Answer: A nuclear family system was prevalent in Mesopotamian society. This type of family comprises a man, his wife and children. How many types of slaves were there in Mesopotamian society? Answer: These types of slaves were there in Mesopotamian society. They were ;. What were the modes of entertainment of the people? Answer: The various modes of entertainment of the people were dancing, singing, playing flute, hunting of wild animals, watching wrestling, etc.
Name some famous temples constructed by the people of early cities. Answer: The main temples constructed by the people of early cities were the following.
Which types of community resided in Mari kingdom? Answer: Communities of the farmers and pastoralists resided in Mari kingdom.
Most of the kingdom was covered by pastoralists. Who built a beautiful palace at Mari? How many rooms were there in this palace? There were rooms in this palace and was spread over an area of 2. What were the three unique characteristics of town planning of Mesopotamia?
Which was the famous epic of Sumerian literature? It also Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter Number 1 occupies a unique place in the world of literature. When and how Gilgamesh was composed? When and where Mesopotamian script was discovered? Describe any two features of Mesopotamian script. Answer: Two features of Mesopotamian script were:.
Which was the earliest language known to Mesopotamian? Which language replaced it and when? Answer: The earliest language known to Mesopotamian was the Sumerian. What do you know about steles? Answer: Stone slabs with inscription or carving are called steles. Why Mesopotamia is considered important by Europeans? Give reasons. Justify this statement in context to Mesopotamia. Euphrates and Tigris. Both these rivers originated from Armenia mountain in present-day Turkey.
They drained a vast mountain region. Although the climate of this area is dry yet agriculture is possible because of irrigation facilities. The favorable agricultural condition encouraged the people to reside in this region. The surplus food production of crops enabled the agriculturist communities to feed those people such as craftsmen, priests, rulers, soldiers, etc.
The nomadic pastoralist communities provided with other essential needs of daily use to these people. Thus the settlement of all these in this region paved the way for the rise of civilization.
Give some facts to show geographical diversities that existed in Iraq. Answer: Geographical diversity existed in Iraq. Some of these arguments that support it are the following:. Write in brief about the importance of southern and north-east regions of Mesopotamia. Answer: Mesopotamian southern region is desert, but the rivers Euphrates and Tigris support the city life here.
These rivers deposit their silt by flooding in the region and make the soil fertile. When the river Euphrates enters the desert, it gets divided into small channels. These river channels provided irrigation facilities in the past. Crops such as wheat, barley, peas or lentils were grown here, though there did not happen sufficient rainfall. In this region milk, wool and meat was produced in bulk. Fish was also available in plenty.
Date-palm provided fruit in summer. Answer: A number of seals have been excavated from Mesopotamia. These were made of stone and were cylindrical in shape. These seals were fitted with a stick and then rolled over wet clay so that a continuous picture got engraved over it.
This work was done by skilled craftsmen. The name of the owner, his God, his official, ranks, etc. Seals were used by merchants to send their goods from one place to another. Goods were first packed and a seal was put at the head of the pack to ensure its authenticity.
In case seals were found tampered with, it meant the back had been pilfered on the way otherwise it was safe and secure. Undoubtedly, we can say that the use of seals played a significant role in the growth of urbanization.
How will you justify it? HOTS Answer: Earlier the task of transportation of goods, food grains and other essential commodities were carried by the beasts of burden or bullock-carts. It was a time-consuming activity and a lengthy process.
The river Euphrates helped the people to get rid of this task. Answer: c But they feared that education might create problems.
The French needed an educated local labour force but they feared that education might create problems. In , in a population of 17 million: a there were less than who passed the examination. Answer: b There were less than who passed the examination. There were less than who passed the examination. Answer: a To provide a Western-style education. It was started to provide a Western-style education. Schools in Vietnam became an: a Important place for education. Answer: c Important place for political and cultural battles.
Schools in Vietnam became an important place for political and cultural battles. In , the modern part of Hanoi was struck by: a famine b drought c bubonic plague d US bombs.
Defeated by the resistance of the weak: a The Chinese were forced to scrap the bounty programme. Answer: c The French were forced to scrap the bounty programme. The French were forced to scrap the bounty programme.
Answer: b Buddhism, Confucianism and local practices. An early movement against French control and the spread of Christianity was the: a Students Revolt in b Teachers Revolt in c Scholars Revolt in d none of the above.
Indentured labour refers to a form of labour widely used in the plantations from the mid-nineteenth century. The Vietnamese intellectuals feared that Vietnam was losing not just control over its territory but its very identity.
An early movement against French control and the spread of Christianity was the Scholars Revolt in Confucious, a French thinker, developed a philosophical system based on good conduct, practical wisdom and proper social relationships. The colonisation of Vietnam by the British brought the people of the country into conflict with the colonisers in all areas of life. Focus on product which was prepared in own country. Mumbai 8. To curb the Arousing spirit of Nationalism.
The Folklore of Southern India Under this act political prisoners could be kept in jail for two years without trial. In Bankim Chandra composed Vande Matram. In , Congress was formed in Mumbai. Banerjee chaired the first meeting of Congress. In , Lord Curzon proposed the division of Bengal. In , Congress was divided into extremists and moderate. In , Delhi Durbar was organized. Bengal Division was abolished in Delhi Durbar. In , First World War started. In , Mahatama Gandhi returned to India.
The British Government turned down the demand of Self-rule of Indian. In , British Government gave Rawlatt Act. In , Mahatama Gandhi started noncooperation movement. In , Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the non-cooperation movement after the violence took place at Chauri-chaura. In , Simon Commission came to India.
Lala Lajpart Rai was killed while protesting. In , Dr. Ambedkar organized Scheduled caste into depressed Classes Association. In Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed and Civil disobedience movement was suspended.
In , Mahatma Gandhi participated in Second round table conference but did not get expected success. In , Choudhary Rahmat Ali first coined the idea of Pakistan. In , Indian Government Act was passed and regional government was formed. In , the Quit India movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi. He gave the slogan Do or Die.
In , Cabinet Mission came to India with the proposal of constituent assembly. Ask your doubts and share your knowledge through Discussion Forum. What were the reasons for starting the Khilafat Movement?
How did the First World War help in the growth of nationalist movement in India? Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju? Explain his role in inspiring the rebels with Gandhijis ideas?
Discuss the role of women in the Civil Disobedience Movement? C Banerjee. Khilafat Movement. Important Questions on Class 10 History Chapter 2 Why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement. The sense of oppression and exploitation became a common bond for people from different walks of life, and this resulted in the growth of nationalist ideals.
Thus, growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to anti-colonial movements. To finance the defence expenditure, high custom duties and income Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 4 Student taxes were imposed. Also, during and , crops failed in many parts of India, thereby resulting in acute food shortages. All this caused extensive anger and opposition against the British colonial rule, and the national movement of India headed towards a stronger, more definitive direction.
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