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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5 - Periodic Classification Of Elements

So the candidates appearing for different board exams of Class 10 can refer to this NCERT Syllabus and prepare for their examinations which in turn helps candidates ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 5 tor a grade.

Move to Top of the page. Candidates must possess a detailed knowledge of the NCERT Solutions based on the syllabus to get the good results in the board exams. Chemical Reactions and Equations chapter explains the concepts related to chemical ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 5 tor and equations. Here, you will know different types of reactions taking place in the surrounding.

Some important topics explained in this chapter are:. Acids, Bases and Salts chapter mainly explains the difference between acids, bases and salts. It also deals with various types of reactions related to these three forms of chemical compounds.

Some important topics involved in this chapter are:. Important topics covered in this chapter are:. Carbon and its Compounds chapter describes various features of carbon element and different compounds formed by it. Give below are the main topics covered in class 10 Science Chapter Here students get to learn the carious concepts related to the classification of elements.

Some major concepts discussed in this chapter are:. Life Processes chapter deals with the various biological processes and reaction taking place in organisms. Some major topics covered in this chapter are:.

Control and Coordination chapter gives details of different ways in which organisms respond to the stimuli. Here you also get to know about the human nervous system, automatics and voluntary actions, exocrine and endocrine glands.

How do Organisms Reproduce chapter students get to learn different methods of reproduction in plants and animals and get aware of the various methods of birth control in humans. Some of the important topics discussed in this chapter are:. Heredity And Evolution chapter deals with the details related to heredity and evolution of different species.

Go through the major topics mentioned below:. Light Reflection and Refraction explains the concepts of reflection and refraction of light. Some important topics to learn from this chapter are:. The Human Eye and Colorful World chapter students get to know each and every detail of the human eye from its structure to its working. Various defects of vision ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 5 tor also ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 5 tor.

It also explains atmospheric refraction and various phenomena related to it. Some major topics discussed in this chapter are:. Electricity chapter explains electric current, its applications and various effects related to it. Sources of Energy: Different forms of energy and their sources are discussed in this chapter.

Some of the main topics explained in this chapter are:. Our Environment chapter deals with various components of environment components and how human activities are affecting the environment. Some of the main topics discussed in this chapter are:. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources chapter you get to know about the different natural resources, their advantages and conservation efforts. Here main focus should be laid on the following concepts:.

You can get them online at our website or else directly click on the quick links available on our page. By preparing with NCERT Solutions for science exams provide you various benefits like Important questions, solved and unsolved exercises for each concept, MCQ questions for class 10 board exams, One-word Answers, Assertions, Repetitive questions, previous papers, and many more that help students to score good grades in the preboard and board exams.

NCERT Science Solutions provide a detailed analysis of the curriculum and topics which helps class 10 students to study science in a simple way. With a total of 16 Chapters are contained in the latest class 10 Science syllabus, NCERT Solutions for class 10 science is the best resource to understand all 16 chapters easily. If you have any query regarding this article or NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science, leave your comments in the comment section below and we will get back to you as soon possible.

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For example, if an element has 1 or 2 electrons in its outermost shell, then it would belong to group 1 or group 2. And if it has 3 or more electrons in its outermost shell, then it would belong to group 10 4- the number of electrons in the outermost shell. All the alkali metals have one electron in their outermost shell, so they are placed in group 1. Thus, all the group 2 elements have 2 electrons in their outermost shell.

In group 15 elements, there are 5 electrons in their outermost shell. Similarly, the number of shells in an element indicates its period number. For example, the atomic number of magnesium is 12 and its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 2.

Thus it is an element of 3rd period. Question 9 In the Modern Periodic Table, calcium atomic number 20 is surrounded by elements with atomic number 12, 19, 21 and Which of these have physical and chemical properties resembling calcium? Periodic classification of elements: Needs for classification, Modern Periodic table, gradation in properties, valency, atomic number, metallic and non-metallic properties.

Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science. Solution: All the known elements could not be arranged in the form of triads. Take the example of F, Cl and Br. Atomic mass of Cl is not an arithmetic mean of atomic masses of F and Br.

Solution: It was not valid for elements that had atomic masses higher than Ca. When more elements were discovered, such as elements from the noble gases such as He, Ne, Ar, they could not be accommodated in his table. Question 5 Besides gallium, which other elements have been left by Mendeleev in his periodic table, since the time they were discovered?

Any two Solution: Scandium and Germanium. Question 6 What were the criteria used by Mendeleev in creating his periodic table? Solution: He observed the relationship between the atomic masses of the elements and their physical properties.

Among chemical properties, he concentrated on the compounds formed by elements with oxygen and hydrogen. Question 7 Why do you think, the noble gases are placed in a separate group? Solution: Due to its inert and low concentration in our atmosphere, they could be placed in a new group without disturbing the existing order. For example, Position of isotopes: All the isotopes of an element have the same number of protons, so their atomic number is also the same.

Since all the isotopes of an element have the same atomic number, they can be put at one place in the same group of the periodic table. Question 9 Name two elements, which you would expect to show chemical reactions similar to magnesium. Solution: Calcium and Beryllium are the elements that will show chemical reactions similar to magnesium. This is because beryllium and calcium belong to the same group of periodic table as magnesium.

All of them have similar electronic configurations with 2 valence electrons each. Question 10 Name: a. Three elements that have a single electron in their outermost shell. Two elements that have two electrons in their outermost shell. Three elements with filled outermost shell. Solution: a. Three elements that have a single electron in their outermost shell are: 1. Lithium 2.

Sodium 3. Potassium b. Two elements that have two electrons in their outermost shell are: 1. Magnesium 2. Calcium c. Three elements with filled outermost shell are: 1. Argon 2. Helium 3. Question 11 a. Lithium, sodium, potassium are metals that react with water to liberate hydrogen. Helium is an unreactive gas and neon is a gas of extremely low reactivity. What, if anything, do their atoms have in common Solution: a.

These elements are alkali metals and they have 1 valence electron in their outermost shell and are therefore very unstable and reactive. These elements each have full outermost subshell, which results in high stability.

They only react with other elements in extreme circumstances, the trait for which they are named. Question 12 In the Modern periodic table, which are the metals among the first ten elements? Solution: The metals are Lithium and Beryllium. Question 13 By considering their position in the periodic table, which one of the following elements would you expect to have maximum metallic characteristic?

Question 14 Which of the following statements is not a correct statement about the trends when going from left to right across the periods of the periodic table? Question 15 Element X forms a chloride with the formula XCl 2 , which is a solid with a high melting point. X would most likely be in the same group of the periodic table as a.

Si Solution: b. Question 16 Which element has? Two shells, both of which are completely filled with electrons? The electronic configuration of 2,8,2? A total of three shells, with four electrons in its valence shell? A total of two shells, with three electrons in its valence shell? Twice as many electrons in its second shell, as in its first shell? Neon 2,8 b.

Magnesium 2,8,2 c. Silicon 2,8,4 d. Boron 2,3 e. Carbon 2,4. Question 17 What property do all elements in the same column of the periodic table as fluorine have in common? Solution: These elements all have 7 electrons in their outermost shells and these often exist as salts, combined with elements from the Alkali metal group.

Question 18 An atom has electronic configuration 2,8,7. What is the atomic number of this element? Question 19 Which type of ion, cation or anion, will be formed by element A? Anion will be formed by element A. Question 20 Nitrogen atomic number 7 and phosphorus atomic number 15 belong to group 15 of the periodic Table. Solution: Electronic configuration � Nitrogen � 2s 2 2p 3 and Phosphorus � 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 3. Nitrogen will be more electronegative; this is because its atom has small size due to which the attraction of its nucleus for the incoming electron is more.

Question 21 How does the electronic configuration of an atom relate to its position in the Modern periodic table? Solution: The electronic configuration of an atom increases in the outermost valence shell which relates to its position in the Modern periodic table. Question 22 In the Modern periodic table, calcium atomic number 20 is surrounded by elements with atomic numbers 12, 19, 21 and Example : When iron is exposed to moist air for a long period of time, its surface acquires a coating of a brown, flaky substance called rust.

Rancidity spoils the food materials prepared in fats and oils which have been kept for a considerable time and makes them unfit for eating. Rancidity can be prevented by adding anti-oxidants to foods containing fats and oils. It can also be prevented by flushing fat and oil containing foods with nitrogen before sealing. Question 1 Which of the given statements about the reaction below are incorrect? Lead is getting reduced b.

Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised c. Carbon is getting oxidised d. Lead oxide is getting reduced i a and b ii a and c iii a , b and c iv all Solution: i a and b. Question 2 The above reaction is an example of a i.

Combination reaction ii. Double displacement reaction iii. Decomposition reaction iv. Displacement reaction Solution: iv Displacement reaction. Question 3 What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron fillings? Tick the correct answer. Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced b.

Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced c. No reaction takes place d Iron salt and water are produced Solution: Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced. Solution: An equation for a chemical reaction is an equation in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge is the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on both sides of the reaction.

Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia b. Hydrogen sulfide gas burns in air to give water and sulfur dioxide c. Barium chloride reacts with Aluminium sulfate to give Aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate d. Potassium metal reacts with water to give a potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas Solution: a.

Question 6 Balance the following chemical equations. Question 8 Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type of reaction of each case. Solution: a. Question 9 What is meant by exothermic and endothermic reactions?

Solution: An exothermic reaction is one that releases heat. If 1 mole of N 2 molecule reacts with 1 mole of O 2 molecule, the heat of KJ has to be supplied to initiate the reaction to give 1 mole of NO molecule.

This means that the bonds between N � N and O � O are so strong that they do not break easily. N 2 has triple covalent bond between the two N atoms. O 2 has a double covalent bond. Thus energy has to be put into the reaction to break the strong bonds. Thus the above reaction is a good example of an endothermic reaction. Solution: During respiration, glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body to form carbon dioxide and water along with the production of energy.

Write equations for decomposition reactions. Solution: Essentially, decomposition reactions are the opposite of combination reactions. A compound decomposes i. Most decomposition reactions are endothermic. Another example of decomposition reaction is the heating of calcium carbonate sea shells, chalk :.

Question 12 Write one equation each for decomposition reactions in which energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity?

Solution: When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give calcium oxide and carbon dioxide:. Write relevant equations for the above? Solution: The difference between the displacement and double displacement reactions is that in a displacement reaction one element displaces another by virtue of it being more reactive whereas in a double displacement two anions and two cations switch places between two compounds respectively.

Thus Zn displaces Cu in the salt form. Zn is more reactive than Cu. Question 14 In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involves displacement by copper metal.

Explain by giving examples: Solution: A precipitation reaction is a reaction in which soluble ions in separate solutions are mixed together to form an insoluble compound that settles out of solution as a solid. This insoluble compound is called a precipitate. An example of a precipitation reaction Aqueous silver nitrate AgNO3 , when added to a solution containing potassium chloride KCl , precipitates a white solid, and silver chloride is observed.

Solution: The shiny brown colored element X is copper metal Cu. When copper metal is heated in air, it forms a black colored compound copper oxide. So, the black colored compound is the copper oxide or copper II oxide, CuO. Question 17 Why do we apply paint on iron articles? Solution: Rust is a soft and porous substance, which gradually falls from the surface of an iron object, and then the iron below starts rusting.

Thus, rusting of iron or corrosion of iron is a continuous process which, if not prevented in time, eats up the whole iron object. So, when we apply paint on iron articles it reduces the rusting of iron. Question 18 Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Solution: Packaging fat and oil containing foods in nitrogen gas can prevent rancidity. When the fat and oil present in food materials gets oxidised in air , their oxidation products have an unpleasant smell and taste.

When it is surrounded by unreactive gas, nitrogen, there is no oxygen of air to cause its oxidation and make it rancid. Question 19 Explain the following terms with one example each. Corrosion b. Rancidity Solution: a. Corrosion is the process in which metals are eaten up gradually by the action of air, moisture or a chemical on their surface. Corrosion is caused mainly by the oxidation of metals by the oxygen of air.

Example: Rusting of iron is the most common form of corrosion. This is called rusting of iron. The condition produced by aerial oxidation of fat and oil in food which is marked by an unpleasant smell and taste is called rancidity. Example: Rancidity can be retarded by keeping food in a refrigerator.

The refrigerator has a low temperature inside it. When the food is kept in a refrigerator, the oxidation of fat and oil in it is slowed down due to low temperature.

So, the development of rancidity due to oxidation is retarded. Question 20 Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air? Discuss the effect of pressure and temperature on the adsorption of gases on solids. What are lyophilic and lyophobic sols? Give one example in each case. Solution: Lyophilic colloids: The colloidal solution in which the particles of the dispersed phase have a great affinity or love for the dispersion medium, are called lyophilic colloids.

Such solutions are easily formed the moment the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium come in direct contact. Lyophobic colloids: The colloidal solutions in which the particles of the dispersed phase have no affinity or love, rather have hatred for the dispersion medium, are called lyophobic colloids. What is the difference between multimolecular and macromolecular colloids? How a re associated colloids different from these two types of colloids?

Solution: Comparison of some important characteristic of multimolecular, macromolecular and associated colloids. What are enzymes? Write in brief the mechanism of enzyme catalysis. Solution: Enzymes are complex nitrogenous organic compounds which act as a biological catalysts and increase the rate of cellular processes.

According to the lock and key model, like every lock has a specific key, similarly every enzyme acts as a specific substrate. When the substrate fits the active site lock of the enzyme, the chemical change begins. But it has also been noticed that enzyme changes shape, when substrate lands at the active site.

This induced-fit model of enzyme action pictures the substrate inducing the active site to adopt a perfect fit, rather than a rigid shaped lock and key. Therefore, the new model for enzyme action is called induced fit model. How are colloids classified on the basis of i physical states of components ii nature of dispersed phase and iii interaction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium? Solution: i Colloids can be classified into eight types depending upon the physical state of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium.

For Example: gold sol, sulphur sol etc. Example: proteins, starch and cellulose form macromolecular colloids. Such substances are also referred to as associated colloids.

These sols are quite stable because of the strong attractive forces between the particles of dispersed phase and dispersion medium. These sols are less stable than the lyophilic sols. Explain what is observed when : i a beam of light is passed through colloidal sol ii an electrolyte NaCl is added to ferric hydroxide sol iii electric current is passed through a colloidal sol?

Delhi , ; Outside Delhi, , Solution: i The path of light as well as the colloidal particles become visible because of Tyndall effect.

When a beam of light is passed through a true solution, no scattering of light takes place. When the same beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution, scattering of light takes place. The visibility of dust particles in a semi darkened room, when a beam of sunlight enters or when a beam of light is thrown from a projector, are familiar examples of this scattering.

As a result, they get coagulated. What are emulsions? What are their different types? Give example of each type. Solution: Emulsions: It is a colloidal system in which both the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium are liquids, e.

Types of emulsions: a Oil-in-water type in which small droplets of an oil are dispersed in water, e. How do emulsifires stabilise emulsion? Name two emulsifiers. Solution: The role of an emulsifier in stabilising an emulsion can be explained in two ways: a It is believed that an emulsifier gets concentrated at the oil-water interface i.

It forms a protective coating around each drop of oil and thus, prevents the oil drop from coming in contact with one another. The oil drops remain suspended in water and are not coagulated. Just as a lubricant reduces the friction in the various parts of machine, an emulsifier also tries to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water by suitable means. Thus, oil and water remain in company of each other and do not get separated.

The commonly used emulsifying agents are soaps, detergents, lyophilic colloids, proteins, gums, gelatin, caesin, agar etc. Action of soap is due to emulsification and micelle formation. The RCOO � ions are, therefore, present on the surface with their COO � groups in water and the hydrocarbon chains R staying away from it and remain at the surface. But at critical micelle concentration, the anions are pulled into the bulk of the solution and aggregate to form a spherical shape with their hydrocarbon chains pointing towards the centre of the sphere with COO � part remaining outward on the surface of the sphere.

The cleansing action of soap is due to the fact that soap molecules form micelle around the oil droplet in such a way that hydrophobic part of the stearate ions is in the oil droplet and hydrophilic part projects out of the grease droplet like the bristles.

Since the polar groups can interact with water, the oil droplet surrounded by stearate ions is now pulled in Water and removed from the dirty surface. Thus soap helps in emulsification and washing away of oils and fats. The negatively charged sheath around the globules prevents them from coming together and forming aggregates.

Give four examples of heterogeneous catalysis. Solution: In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is present in a different phase than that of the reactants,e. What do you mean by activity and selectivity of catalysts? Solution: Important features of solid catalyst: a Activity: The activity of a catalyst is its ability to accelerate chemical reactions.

It depends upon the strength of chemisorption to a large extent. The catalytic activity of a metal for hydrogenation increases as we move from Group 5 metals to Group The maximum activity is shown by metals of Groups 7, 8 and 9.

It mean a substance which acts as a catalyst in one reaction may not act as a catalyst in other reaction e. Question

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