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Question 12 Write one equation each for the decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity. OR Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat or light or electricity for breaking down the reactants. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light and electricity. Question 13 What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions?
Answer: In displacement reactions, a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its solution. In double displacement reactions, two reactants in solution exchange their ions.
Question 14 In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved. Question 15 What do you mean by a precipitation reaction?
Explain by giving examples. Answer: A reaction in which an insoluble solid called precipitate is formed that separates from the solution is called a precipitation reaction.
Question 16 Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each: a Oxidation and b Reduction. Answer: a Oxidation : The addition of oxygen to a substance is called oxidation. The black coloured compound is copper oxide CuO. The reaction involved is.
Question 18 Why do we apply paint on iron articles? Answer: Paint does not allow iron articles to come in contact with air, water and saves iron articles from damage due to rusting. Question 19 Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Answer: To keep food items fresh and save from getting oxidised, food items are flushed with nitrogen. Question 20 Explain the following terms with one example each a Corrosion, b Rancidity.
Answer: a Corrosion : It is the process in which metals are eaten up gradually by the action of air, moisture or a chemical such as an acid on their surface.
Example : When iron is exposed to moist air for a long period of time, its surface acquires a coating of a brown, flaky substance called rust. Rancidity spoils the food materials prepared in fats and oils which have been kept for a considerable time and makes them unfit for eating.
Rancidity can be prevented by adding anti-oxidants to foods containing fats and oils. It can also be prevented by flushing fat and oil containing foods with nitrogen before sealing.
Question 1 Which of the given statements about the reaction below are incorrect? Lead is getting reduced b. Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised c. Carbon is getting oxidised d. Lead oxide is getting reduced i a and b ii a and c iii a , b and c iv all Solution: i a and b. Question 2 The above reaction is an example of a i. Combination reaction ii. Double displacement reaction iii. Decomposition reaction iv. Displacement reaction Solution: iv Displacement reaction.
Question 3 What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron fillings? Tick the correct answer. Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced b. Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced c.
No reaction takes place d Iron salt and water are produced Solution: Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.
Solution: An equation for a chemical reaction is an equation in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge is the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on both sides of the reaction. Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia b. Hydrogen sulfide gas burns in air to give water and sulfur dioxide c.
Barium chloride reacts with Aluminium sulfate to give Aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate d. Potassium metal reacts with water to give a potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas Solution: a. Question 6 Balance the following chemical equations. Question 8 Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type of reaction of each case.
Solution: a. Question 9 What is meant by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Solution: An exothermic reaction is one that releases heat. If 1 mole of N 2 molecule reacts with 1 mole of O 2 molecule, the heat of KJ has to be supplied to initiate the reaction to give 1 mole of NO molecule.
This means that the bonds between N � N and O � O are so strong that they do not break easily. N 2 has triple covalent bond between the two N atoms. O 2 has a double covalent bond.
Thus energy has to be put into the reaction to break the strong bonds. Thus the above reaction is a good example of an endothermic reaction. Solution: During respiration, glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body to form carbon dioxide and water along with the production of energy. Write equations for decomposition reactions. Solution: Essentially, decomposition reactions are the opposite of combination reactions.
A compound decomposes i. Most decomposition reactions are endothermic. Another example of decomposition reaction is the heating of calcium carbonate sea shells, chalk :. Question 12 Write one equation each for decomposition reactions in which energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity? Solution: When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give calcium oxide and carbon dioxide:. Write relevant equations for the above? Solution: The difference between the displacement and double displacement reactions is that in a displacement reaction one element displaces another by virtue of it being more reactive whereas in a double displacement two anions and two cations switch places between two compounds respectively.
Thus Zn displaces Cu in the salt form. Zn is more reactive than Cu. Question 14 In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involves displacement by copper metal. Explain by giving examples: Solution: A precipitation reaction is a reaction in which soluble ions in separate solutions are mixed together to form an insoluble compound that settles out of solution as a solid.
This insoluble compound is called a precipitate. An example of a precipitation reaction Aqueous silver nitrate AgNO3 , when added to a solution containing potassium chloride KCl , precipitates a white solid, and silver chloride is observed. Solution: The shiny brown colored element X is copper metal Cu. When copper metal is heated in air, it forms a black colored compound copper oxide.
So, the black colored compound is the copper oxide or copper II oxide, CuO. Question 4: What is electrical resistivity? In a series electrical circuit comprising a resistor made up of a metallic wire, the ammeter reads 5 A.
The reading of the ammeter decreases to half when the length of the wire is doubled. Answer: The resistance offered by a metallic wire of unit length and unit cross-sectional area is called electrical resistivity. Hence, when the length of wire is doubled, the resistance becomes double and current decreases to half. Calculate the resistance of the electric lamp. Question 6: Why is parallel arrangement used in domestic wiring? Answer: Parallel arrangement is used in domestic wiring because i Each appliance gets the same voltage as that of the mains supply.
Question 7: B 1, B 2 and B 3 are three identical bulbs connected as shown in figure. When all the three bulbs glow, a current of 3A is recorded by the ammeter A.
Answer: i Since B 1 ,B 2 and B 3 are in parallel, the potential difference across each of them will remain same. So when the bulb B 1 gets fused, B 2 and B 3 have the same potential and continues with the same energy dissipated per second, i. Question 1: Three incandescent bulbs of W each are connected in series in an electric circuit.
In another circuit, another set of three bulbs of the same wattage are connected in parallel to the same source. Justify your answer. Will the rest of the bulbs continue to glow in each circuit? Answer: a The bulbs in the two circuits will not glow equally bright as the current through them is not the same.
While the rest of bulbs in parallel circuit will continue to glow without getting disturbed because in parallel combination, current gets additional paths to flow. Question 2: Find out the following in the electric circuit given in figure: Answer: e No difference, since the ammeters are connected in series and same current will pass through them, so reading of both ammeters will be same. Question 1. To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series, a student arranged the circuit components as shown in the diagram.
But he did not succeed to achieve the objective. Question 2. For the given circuit, name the components which are connected in parallel. Because terminals of the resistance and voltmeter are connected together. Question 3. A student arranges the following circuit to get equivalent resistance of a series combination of two resistors R 1 and R 2.
Which one of the following statements will be true for this circuit [CCE ] a It gives incorrect reading for current I as well as potential difference V b It gives correct reading for current I but incorrect reading for potential difference V c It gives correct reading for potential difference V but incorrect reading for current I d It gives correct reading for both I and V Answer: b The voltmeter should be connected across the components of and R 2 to give correct reading for potential difference.
Question 4. An ammeter has 20 divisions between 0 mark and 2A mark on its scale. The least count of ammeter is a 0. Question 5. A student finds that there are 20 divisions between zero mark and 1V mark of a voltmeter. The least count of voltmeter is a 0. Question 6. The current flowing through a resistor connected in an electric circuit and the potential difference applied across its ends are shown in figure alongside. Question 7. Question 8. In an experiment on studying the dependence of the current I flowing through a given resistor on the potential difference V applied across it, a student has to change the value of the current.
For doing this, he should change the a number of cells used b resistor itself c ammeter used in the circuit d Voltmeter used in the circuit Answer: a If we change the number of cells in electric circuit, the potential difference will change and as a result current flowing in the circuit changes.
Question 9. A milliammeter had graduations marked 0, , , , and The space between 0 mark and mark is divided into 20 divisions. Question To determine the eguivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series, a student prepared two electric circuits, correct reading of ammeter in the circuits is [CCE ] a In circuit I, 1.
When parallel resistors are of three different values, the potential difference across its terminals is [CCE ] a greatest across smallest resistance b greatest across largest resistance c equal across each resistance d least across the smallest resistance Answer: c Potential difference across each resistor is same in parallel combination of resistors. Charge Something associated with the matter due to which it produces and experiences electric and magnetic effects.
Resides on the outer surface of the conductor. Types of Current Direct Current Current whose magnitude and direction does not vary with time. Alternating Current Current whose magnitude and direction periodically changes with time.
Resistance R : Obstruction offered to flow of electrons. After stretching, if length increases by n times then resistance will increase by n 2 times i. Electric Circuit The arrangement of various electrical components along which electric current flow. Heating Effect of Electric Current As current flows through a conductor, the free electrons lose energy which is converted into heat.
Elements of Circuit Cell Direct current source of electromotive force. Combination of two or more cells is called battery. Rheostat Wire of special type of alloy like manganin, Eureka, nichrome, etc.
It controls the current in the electric circuit. Switch It is used to close or open the electric circuit, controls the movement of electrons in a circuit. Voltmeter Measures the potential difference between two points in the circuit. Its resistance is high and it is used in parallel with the resistance wire.
Fuse It is a safety device having very thin wire which is made up of either tin or alloy of tin and lead. This wire has low melting point so it melts and breaks the circuit easily if the current in the circuit exceeds. Ammeter Measures the value of current flowing in the circuit. The resistance of ammeter is small and it is used in series with the circuit.
LED It is a device which glows even if a weak electric current is allowed to flow through it. If you have any doubt regarding this article or NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity, leave your comments in the comment section below and we will get back to you as soon as possible.
Page Number: Question 1 On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend? Answer: Advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel with the battery are : In parallel circuits, if an electrical appliance stops working due to some defect, then all other appliances keep working normally.
In parallel circuits, each electrical appliance has its own switch due to which it can be turned on turned off independently, without affecting other appliances. In parallel circuits, each electrical appliance gets the same voltage V as that of the power supply line. In the parallel connection of electrical appliances, the overall resistance of the household circuit is reduced due to which the current from the power supply is high.
Page Number: Question 1 Why does the cord of an electric heater not glow while the heating element does? When it is operated on V, the power consumed will be : a W b 75 W c 50 W d 25 W Answer: d 25 W Question 4 Two conducting wires of the same material and of equal lengths and equal diameters are first connected in series and then parallel in a circuit across the same potential difference.
The ratio of heat produced in series and parallel combinations would be : a 1 : 2 b 2 : 1 c 1 : 4 d 4 : 1 Answer: c 1 : 4 Question 5 How is a voltmeter connected in the circuit to measure the potential difference between two points? The equivalent resistance is ii When we connect a series combination of R 1 and R 2 in parallel with R 3 , as shown in Fig. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity Electric current, potential difference and electric current, Ohms law, Resistance, Resistivity factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends; Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors; and its application on daily life; Heating effect of Electric current, electric Power, Interrelation between P, V, and R.
Page Question 1: Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor. We also have CBSE Class 10 Physics sample papers, concept videos and additional online learning materials to get you ready for your board exams.
This chapter will teach you about convex and concave mirrors along with their applications. Understand the calculation of the speed of light. Also, learn the properties of light to find out how light travels through various media. The NCERT textbook solutions for this chapter will give you answers on why some people have vision issues when they grow old. Also, learn the reasons why humans are able to see the world in colour. Go through the factors which are important for resistance of a conductor.
In this chapter, you will find answers on the relationship between a bar magnet and a compass needle. Also, revise the sources of alternating current and direct current. Get in-depth knowledge of the sources of energy such as fossil fuels, water, wind etc.
Relearn the disadvantages of using fossil fuel as a source of energy. Also, revise this chapter using our NCERT solutions to understand topics like geothermal energy, biomass etc.
TopperLearning is a leading online education platform featuring well-written CBSE Class 10 Physics explanations presented by qualified teachers. An academic expert will respond to your query within 24 hours.
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