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Birsa munda of chhota Clasa shiddu and kanu in the santhal pargana. As a result, many of them like the Korava, Karacha and Yerukula of the madras presidency lost their livelihoods. Some of them began to be called "criminal tribes" and were forced to work instead in factories, mines and plantations under government supervision. This proved to be a boon for firms trading in timber and other forest produce.
They began cutting trees indiscriminately and earned good class 10th ncert history chapter 4 word. Forests around the railway tracks started fast disappearing. The colonial government took vast areas to European planters at cheap rates. These areas were enclosed and cleared off forests and Ncert Solutions Class 10th History Chapter 1 Word planted with tea or coffee. These planters earned huge profits by engaging with workers at low wages.
Hence, they encouraged hunting of wild animals. They gave rewards for the killing of tigers, wolves and other large animals. As a result, kings and British officials got engaged in these activities and earned huge reward. What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and in Java?
The forests in Chaper were managed by the British colonial power while those in Chapteer were managed by the Dutch colonial power. But there were m any similarities in the laws for forest control in Baster and Java. They restricted villages from practising shifting cultivation chaptre their access to forests.
The forest laws deprived people of their customary rights to forest products such as roots, leaves, fruits. They were fined if they dared to enter the forest without permission. As a result, the villagers became aggressive in due course. They began to view their masters as their enemies. They began to resist them through large and small rebellions.
Between andforest cover in the Indian subcontinent declined by 9. Discuss the role of the following factors in this decline:. Railways : Railways were essential for colonial trade and for the movement of imperial goods. To run locomotives wood was needed as fuel, and to lay railway lines, sleepers were essential to hold the tracks. From the s.
Byabout 25, km of track had been laid. As the railway tracks spread through India, a larger and larger number of trees were felled. Forests, for the railway tracks, started disappearing. It is worth-mentioning claxs that the imperial power could not be protected and maintained without ships.
But the fact was that oak forests in England began disappearing by the early 19th century. This created a problem class 10th ncert history chapter 4 word timber supply for the Royal Navy. Now it became difficult to build English ships without regular supply of strong and durable timber.
Chaptwr class 10th ncert history chapter 4 word s,seacher parties were sent to explore the forest resources of India. Within a decade, trees were being felled on a massive scale and vast quantities of timber were being exported from India.
They were considered to be Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 3 Vis brought under cultivation so that the land could yield agricultural products and revenue and enhance the income of the state. So between andcultivated area rose by 6. The demand for these crops increased in 19 the century Europe where food grains were required to feed the growing urban population an d raw materials were required for industrial production As a result, forests were cut on a large scale to bring land under plough.
The colonial government took over the forests and gave vast areas to European planters at cheep rates. These were enclosed and cleared of forests and planted with class 10th ncert history chapter 4 word or coffee.
They got everything from forests such as fuel, fodder and leaves. This badly affected the forest cover. Many adivasis practised cultivation. In this type of cultivation, parts of forest are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first mansoon rain and crop is harvested by October- November. This process was harmful for the forests.
There was always class 10th ncert history chapter 4 word danger of forest fire. Both the World Wars played havoc with the forests. In India, working plans were abandoned during these wars and the forests department cut trees freely to meet British war needs.
After the war was. It became hisotry for the Indonesian forest service to get this land. Additional Questions. Forest Society and Colonialism. As a result, kings and British officials got engaged in these activities and earned huge reward Q2. Why are forest ncfrt by wars? Page 1 of 2 1 2 Prev. Next Last Topic Lists:. Testimonial 1. I am very happy and got good satisfaction here that I achieve good lavel class 10th ncert history chapter 4 word my class as well as improving my performance.
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