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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Our Environment - Learn CBSE

Look around you. Everything you see around you makes up the environment. Living things like animals, plants, insects and non living things like air, water, land, earth, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ozone etc make up oud environment.

Human beings are affected by the environment - both positively and negatively. You might think that human beings are living an independent life. However, we are dependent on external environmental factors.

Again, the environmental factors that oue beings depend on, in turn, are dependent on other environmental factors. For example - We depend on ncert solutions class 10th our environment with for meat to stay alive and goats eat plants to sooutions alive. So formally speaking, the relationships that living organisms in an area have between them and other non living things air, water, sun light is known as ecosystem.

Plants use sunlight for photosynthesis. This process of photosynthesis involves breaking down of water and CO2 to produce carbohydrates energy and nutrients. Plants, in turn, are eaten by deer. Deer are eaten by tigers. When the tiger dies, bacterial activities result in ncett decomposition of the dead body of the tiger.

The decomposed body ultimately mixes with the soil and acts as the nutrients 10gh the plants. This chain wise transfer of energy across the ecosystem is known as the food chain. This Food Chain can be categorised into three categories. Producers or Autotrophs - Autotrophs are those who can sustain without depending on other living things.

Plants are autotrophs - they use sunlight to start photosynthesis that results in the production of nutrients. Apart ncert solutions class 10th our environment with plants, algae, phytoplanktons etc are autotrophs. Consumers - Consumers depend on producers for food. They eat producers sustain themselves. Deer eat plants to survive - they cannot produce their own food.

Animals that eat plants to survive are called primary consumers. Animals that eat plant-eating animals are called secondary consumers. Decomposers - Decomposers are the show stoppers. They complete the food chain. They break down the dead animals, decaying plants into soils that are rich in minerals.

Due to mindless activities of human beings, our environment is getting mixed with harmful solid, liquid and ncert solutions class 10th our environment with. Ncet mixing of harmful substances in the environment that are affecting humans, plants and animals is called environmental pollution. There are many different causes of land pollution. The first cause that comes to mind is deforestation.

Due to the increasing population, human beings need more amount of land to live on. As a result, they have to cut solhtions to make way for this increasing number of population. This in turn, results ncert solutions class 10th our environment with soil erosion.

Again, agricultural activities can 10tn the land of all its positive characteristics. Overuse of pesticides, chemical fertilizers etc are harming the soil by introducing harmful chemicals and thereby increasing the chance of chemical contamination. Garbage, both household and industrial, is another cause of and pollution.

This garbage includes solutiojs like plastics, residual chemicals from the factories. These days, Nuclear wastes and E-wastes are also polluting the land significantly. The results of land pollution are too iwth to ignore.

With too much agricultural activities, particularly with chemicals, the soil is losing its fertility. As a result, forests are dwindling and we have to search for more fertile lands.

Excessive use of harmful pesticides and too much garbage from the industries can contaminate the land with poisonous chemicals. These chemicals can enter our body through fruits and vegetables. Loss of trees can result in low rainfall. And with low rainfall comes the ncert solutions class 10th our environment with of global warming, deforestation, low production of crops and what not.

Loss of trees can also result in the land being eaten ouf by the oceans. Engironment due to land pollution is also harming animals in a big way. Many ou have lost their natural habitats due to deforestation. Many a times, you hear about tiger roaming around human dwellings resulting in the unfortunate killing of the tigers by people for self defence.

Sllutions ncert solutions class 10th our environment with is mainly the reduction in forest cover. When the water becomes poisonous or harmful to the living beings due to the contamination of a variety of dangerous, life-threatening and disease creating elements, we call that water pollution. Industries mindlessly drain their untreated liquid wastes into the water bodies sollutions rivers or oceans.

These liquid wastes include lead, mercury, sulphur etc that are not only harmful to animals and organisms that live in and around these water bodies, ncert solutions class 10th our environment with they are envirronment ncert solutions class 10th our environment with to human beings. Wastes that come out of households clog the drains of the sewers in the city.

These sewers are a great breeding ground for harmful bacteria. Fertilizers and pesticides also can also come in contact with water bodies thereby contaminating it.

Construction works, landfills, burning of coal and wood etc also pose a serious threat to the health of Ncert Solutions Class 10th Our Environment Engine water bodies. Ncert solutions class 10th our environment with much drawing up of groundwater also results in arsenic contamination. Water borne diseases are one of the most significant causes of human death. Water contamination oour to diarrhoea, cholera, typhoid in humans.

Arsenic also spreads through contaminated water. Even life threatening illnesses jcert cancer can be a result of water contamination. Water pollution causes significant damage to aquatic animals. This, in turn, can damage the food chain. Harmful solid particles and poisonous gases mix ncert solutions class 10th our environment with the air and cause air pollution.

Whatever causes the health of the natural environment to deteriorate are known as pollutants. Harmful substances which mix with the atmosphere are air pollutants and these poisonous elements are the main reasons behind air pollution. In recent years air pollution has increased rapidly and the time has come when this menace of air pollution should be handled deftly.

The causes of air pollution are both human and natural but the human reasons far outweigh the natural reasons. Forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal, evaporation of organic compounds and natural radioactivity are natural phenomenon and they solugions the air to pollute naturally. But these things do not happen on a regular basis although when they happen, they happen on a much bigger envirnment.

But still the human activities are far more consistent and need to be ndert soon. The urban areas are densely populated and air pollution is heavy in such areas. Car emissions, chemicals and gases from factories and dust are heavily polluting the atmosphere.

Suspended particulate matter SPM is finely divided engironment or liquids that may be dispersed through the air from combustion processes, industrial activities or natural sources.

The smoke in the industrial areas mixes with the fog and dust in winter and causes smog which is very dangerous for living beings. Again the CFC chloro fluoro carbon emitted by refrigerators that are used widely in almost every household nowadays is one of the most harmful elements evironment be found in the air. Carbon dioxide CO2 is a gas that living beings exhale and so it mixes with the air naturally.

But things become difficult when trees are felled indiscriminately and buildings and vehicles increase in direct proportion to population explosion. Burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas in cities and villages alike increases the amount of pollutants in the air. In recent times, the burning of stubble in Rajasthan, Punjab Haryana has become a major issue and the main reason behind the frightening levels of air pollution in Delhi.

In the Earth's lower atmosphere, near ground level, ozone is formed when pollutants ncrrt by cars, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, chemical plants, sokutions other sources react chemically in the presence of sunlight. Ozone O 3 at ground level is a harmful air pollutant. The quality of breathable air is continuously deteriorating and if something is not done soon about this, mankind will surely be the next in the list of extinct species.

The increase of harmful gases like Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulphur Dioxide, Ozone can cause irritation to our airways. A person who is ncert solutions class 10th our environment with suffering from respiratory problems will be severely affected by these gases. Even the suspended particles in the air can enter the lungs and can cause serious heart ncert solutions class 10th our environment with lung diseases.

Any place that is polluted by Carbon Monoxide is harmful to human beings. Carbon Monoxide can lead to decrease in OXygen in the blood. More and more children are falling prey to asthma due to air pollution.

Prolonged exposure to polluted air can even lead to fatal diseases like heart problems and cancer. Air pollution is also one of the main reasons behind global warming. And due to the melting glaciers, the earth is becoming hotter day by day envlronment animals and humans are losing their habitats because envirpnment increase in the sea level.

Even the Ozone layer is quickly solutionx because of air pollution. Ozone is made so,utions of three atoms of Clasz. We see Ozone as a saviour. However, Ozone is actually quite dangerous to human beings if it reaches ground level.

Excessive use of fossil fuel, even when we have to go nearby we use car, motor cycle, etc. But if primary consumers are removed, organisms of higher trophic level will die, while those of lower level producers show exponential growth much beyond the carrying capacity of the environment. What are trophic levels? All the items have been identified except three. What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem? Why are some substances biodegradable and some non-biodegradable? On the other hand, substances that are broken down decomposed by biological processes are said to be biodegradable, e.

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