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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes - Learn CBSE

In Text Questions Page No: 95 Ques 1: Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans?

Ans: Multicellular organisms such as humans possess complex body designs. They have specialised cells and tissues for performing various necessary functions of the body such as intake of food and oxygen. Unlike unicellular organisms, multicellular cells are not in direct contact with the outside environment.

Therefore, diffusion cannot meet their oxygen requirements. Ques 2: What criteria ncert solutions class 10th life processes limited we use to decide whether something is alive? Ans: If something shows the following characteristics then it is a requirement a living being: i It can move on its. Ques 3: What are outside raw materials used for by an organism?

Ans: An organism uses outside ncert solutions class 10th life processes limited materials mostly in the form of food and oxygen. The raw materials required by an organism can be quite varied depending on the complexity of the organism and its environment. Ques 4: What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life? Ans: Life processes such as nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion. Page No: Ques 1: What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?

Ques 2: Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis? Ans: The following raw materials are required for photosynthesis:. Ques 3: What is the role of the acid in our stomach?

Ans: Following are the roles of acid in our stomach: i It creates an acidic medium for the action of proteolytic enzyme pepsin. Ques 4: What is the function of digestive enzymes? Ans: Digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, pepsin, trypsin. These simple particles can be easily absorbed by the blood and thus transported to all the cells of the body.

Ques 5: How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food? Ans: The small intestine has millions of tiny finger-like projections called villi. These villi increase the surface area for more efficient food absorption.

Within these villi, many blood vessels are present that absorb the digested food and carry it to the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, the absorbed food is delivered to each and every cell of the body. Fig: Longitudinal section of villi. Ques 1: What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?

Ans: Terrestrial organisms take up oxygen from the atmosphere whereas aquatic animals obtain oxygen from water. Air contains more O 2 as compared to water.

Since the content of O 2 in air is high, the terrestrial animals do not have to breathe faster to get more oxygen. Therefore, unlike aquatic animals, terrestrial animals do not need adaptations for gaseous exchange. Ques 2: What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to ncert solutions class 10th life processes limited energy in various organisms?

Ans: At first glucose 6 carbon molecules is broken in the cytoplasm of cells of all organisms. This process yields a 3 carbon molecule compound called pyruvate. Further break down of pyruvate takes place in different manners in different organisms.

Ques 3: How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings? Ans: Haemoglobin transports oxygen molecules to all the body cells for cellular respiration. The haemoglobin pigment present in the blood gets attached to four O 2 molecules that are obtained from breathing. It thus forms oxyhaemoglobin and the blood becomes oxygenated. This oxygenated blood is then distributed to all the body cells by the heart.

After giving away O 2 to the body cells, blood takes away CO 2 which is the end product of cellular respiration. Now the blood becomes deoxygenated. Since haemoglobin pigment has less affinity for CO 2CO 2 is mainly transported in the dissolved form. This deoxygenated blood gives CO 2 to lung alveoli and takes O 2 in return. Ques 4: How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximize the area for exchange of gases?

Ans: The exchange of gases takes place between the blood of the capillaries ncert solutions class 10th life processes limited surround the alveoli and the gases present in the alveoli.

Thus, alveoli are the site for exchange of gases. The lungs get filled up with air during the process of inhalation as ribs are lifted up and diaphragm is flattened.

The air that is rushed inside the lungs fills the numerous alveoli ncert solutions class 10th life processes limited in the lungs. Each lung contains million alveoli.

These numerous alveoli increase the surface area for gaseous exchange making the process of respiration more efficient. Ques 1: What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the functions of these components? Ans: The main components of the transport system in human beings are the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Heart: Heart pumps oxygenated blood ncert solutions class 10th life processes limited the body.

It receives deoxygenated blood from the various body parts and sends this impure blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Blood: Blood helps in the transport of oxygen, nutrients, CO 2and nitrogenous wastes. Blood Vessels: The blood vessels arteries, veins, and capillaries carry blood either away from the heart to various organs or from various organs back to the heart.

Ques 2: Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds? Ans: Warm-blooded animals such as birds and mammals maintain constant body temperature by cooling themselves when they are in ncert solutions class 10th life processes limited hotter environment and by warming their bodies when they are in a cooler environment.

Hence, these animals require more oxygen O 2 for more cellular respiration so that they can produce more energy to ncert solutions class 10th life processes limited their body temperature. Thus, it is necessary for them to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, so that their circulatory system is more efficient and can maintain their constant body temperature.

Ques 3: What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants? Ans: In highly organised plants, there are two different types of conducting tissues - xylem and phloem.

Xylem conducts water and minerals obtained from the soil via roots to the rest of the plant. Phloem transports food materials from the leaves to different parts of the plant body. Ques 4: How are water and minerals transported in plants? Ans: The components of xylem tissue tracheids and vessels of roots, stems, and leaves are interconnected to form a continuous system of water-conducting channels that reaches all parts of the plant.

Transpiration creates a suction pressure, as a result of which water is forced into the xylem cells of the roots. Then there is a steady movement of water from the root xylem to all the plant parts through the interconnected water-conducting channels. Fig: Xylem tissue. Ques 5: How is food transported in plants? Ans: Phloem transports food materials from the leaves to different parts of the plant body.

The transportation of food in phloem is achieved by utilizing energy from ATP. As a result of this, the osmotic pressure in the tissue increases causing water to move into it. This pressure moves the material in the phloem to the tissues which have less pressure.

This is helpful in moving materials according to the needs of the plant. For example, the food ncert solutions class 10th life processes limited, such as sucrose, is transported into the phloem tissue using ATP energy.

Fig: Phloem tissue. Ques 1: Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons. Ans: Nephrons are the basic filtering units of the kidneys. Each kidney possesses large number of nephrons, approximately The main components of the nephron are glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and a long renal tubule. Fig: Structure of Nephron. Functioning of a nephron: The blood enters the kidney through the renal artery, which branches into many capillaries associated with glomerulus.

The water and solute are transferred to the nephron at Bowman's capsule. In the proximal tubule, some substances such as amino acids, glucose, and salts are selectively reabsorbed and unwanted molecules are added in the urine. The filtrate then moves down into the loop of Henle, where more water is absorbed. From here, the filtrate moves upwards into the distal tubule and finally to the collecting duct.

Collecting duct collects urine from many nephrons. The urine formed in each kidney enters a long tube called ureter. From ureter, it gets transported to the urinary bladder and then into the urethra. Ques 2: What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?

Ans: Plants can get rid of excess of water by transpiration. Waste materials may be stored in the cell vacuoles or as gum and resin, especially in old xylem. It is also stored in the leaves that later fall off. Ques 3. How is the amount of urine produced regulated?

It can also lead to a disease called anaemia. By-product of auto tropic nutrition is oxygen. Share this: Twitter Facebook. The table shows the percentage composition of four samples of air. Answer: Fats are present in the form of large globules in the small intestine.

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