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How does democracy improve the quality of decision-making? - GK Q&A

All these solutions have been prepared according to the guidelines mentioned in the CBSE marking scheme. So, these solutions will be of great help for students to understand the answer writing skills. Identify and shade three federal countries other than India on a blank outline political map of the world. Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that ncert questions of class 10th decision different from that of Belgium.

Feature in ncert questions of class 10th decision practice of federalism in India that is similar to that of Belgium � the central government has to ncert questions of class 10th decision its powers with the regional or the state governments.

Feature in the practice of federalism in India that is different from that of Belgium � Unlike India, Belgium has a community government in addition to the central and the state government. What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example. For example � In India, there is union government at the centre and the state governments at the state level. In this form of government, the central government has all the powers and there is no role of the state governments.

State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional amendment in The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. But India is a holding together type of federation and some States have more power than.

In India, the central government has more powers. Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India. Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions. Arman: the Language-based States have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language. Harish: This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages. There are several regional or local languages spoken in the country.

By ncert questions of class 10th decision the language policy, the Indian government has given equal status to all the languages in the country. Due to this policy, India stands in unity with states having different languages. Answer: d Governmental power is divided between different levels of government. A few subjects in various Lists of the Indian Constitution are given. Group them under the Union, State and Concurrent Lists as provided in the table.

Defence; B. Police; C. Agriculture; D. Education; E. Banking; F. Forests; G. Communications; H. Trade; I. Examine the following pairs that give the level of government in India and the powers of the government at that level to make laws on the subjects mentioned against. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched? In a federation, the powers of the federal and provincial governments are clearly demarcated.

India is a federation because the powers of the Union and State Governments are specified in the Constitution and they have exclusive jurisdiction on their respective subjects. India is no longer a federation because some powers of the States have been devolved to the local government bodies. Question-1 What is Federalism?

Solution: Federalism is the advocacy of federal political orders, where the final authority is divided between sub-units and a centre. Unlike a unitary state, sovereignty is constitutionally split between at least two territorial ncert questions of class 10th decision so that units at each level have final authority and can act independently of the others in some area.

In such a case citizens have political obligations to two authorities. The allocation of authority between the sub-unit and centre may vary. The federal system thus has dual objectives that is to safeguard and promote unity of the country and accommodate regional diversity.

Governments at different levels should agree to some rules of power sharing. An ideal federal system has both aspects; mutual trust and agreement to live. Question-2 What makes India a Federal Country? Solution: India is a nation with many languages, religions and regions.

It emerged as an independent nation after a long and painful partition. Several princely states became a part of the country soon after independence. India was declared as a Union of States, by the Constitution. The Indian Union is based on the principles of federalism. The Constitution earlier provided a two-tier system of government, the Union Government Central Governmentrepresenting the Union of India and the State governments.

Later, Panchayats and Municipalities were added as a third tier of federalism. All these different forms of government enjoy separate jurisdiction. Question-3 Write a brief note on the language policy adopted in India. No language was given the status of national language by our Constitution. Hindi was identified as the official language. But only about 40 per cent of Indians have Hindi as their mother tongue.

Therefore, 21 other languages besides Hindi, are recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid any conflict based on languages.

Question-4 Write a brief note on village councils. Solution: Village Councils looked after the affairs of the village, had police and judicial powers and were the lines of contact with higher authorities on matters affecting the villages.

Custom and religion elevated them to a sacred position of authority. These Councils were the pivot of administration, the centre of social life, and, above all, a focus of social solidarity.

Question-5 What are the dual objectives of Federalism? Solution: The dual objectives of Federalism are to ncert questions of class 10th decision and promote unity of the country and to accommodate regional diversity.

Question-6 What are the duties of a Central and State governments? Solution: The duties of the Union or Central Government include subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency.

This is because, a uniform policy on these matters will be maintained throughout the country. All the laws pertaining to the above duties must be given only by the Union Government. The ncert questions of class 10th decision of the State Governments include subjects of the State and local importance such as police, ncert questions of class 10th decision, commerce, agriculture and irrigation.

All the laws pertaining to the above duties must be given only by the State Governments. Some aspects have to be taken care of, by both, the Union Government as well as the State Governments. They are education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession. Both governments can make laws on these subjects. If their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail.

Question-7 What is the special status the state of Jammu and Ncert questions of class 10th decision enjoys? Solution: Jammu and Kashmir enjoys a special status. It has its own Constitution. Many provisions of the Indian Constitution are not applicable to this State without the approval of the State Assembly.

Indians who are not permanent residents of this State cannot buy land or house. Similar special provisions exist for some other States of India as. Previous Years Questions 1. How many times was the constitution of Ncert questions of class 10th decision amended between and ? Which of the following government has two or more levels?

Which of the following subjects falls under the concurrent list? A b India c Spain d Belgium. The distinguishingfeature of a federal government is: a National Government gives some powers to the provincial government. Consider the following statements.

Which of the statements given above are correct? Additional Questions 9. Which of the statements given above are correct a iii and iv b iiii only c ii and iv only d iiii and iv.

The Constitution of India a divided powers between centre and states in three lists. In case of a clash between the laws made by the centre and a state on a subject in the concurrent list: a the state law prevails. The System of Panchayati Raj ncert questions of class 10th decision a The village, block and district levels.

The concept of decentralisation signifies a The three tier government at the urban level.

Main point:

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The routine tales of corruption are enough to convince us that democracy is not free of this evil. We have seen that democratically elected governments do not appear to be as keen to address the question of poverty as we would expect them to. For example, in Bangladesh, more than half of its population lives in poverty. Answer: Most of the people support democracy against other alternatives, such as rule by a monarch or military or religious leaders.

But not so many of them would be satisfied with the democracies in practice. Although democracies produce good governments, they usually fail to produce development. Evidence shows that in practice many democracies did not fulfil this expectation.

Democracies are based on political equality. All individuals have equal weight in electing representatives. But they fail to bring economic equality. In actual life, democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing economic inequalities. How is democracy a better form of government in comparison with other forms of governments? OR Why is democracy better than other forms of governments?

OR Describe any five characteristics of democracy. OR How are the democratic governments better than the other forms of governments compare. Answer: Democracy is a better form of government in comparison with other forms of governments because of the following reasons �. In a democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one value.

People are not subjects of a ruler, they are the rulers themselves. Even if they make mistakes, they are responsible for their conduct. A democratic decision always involves many persons, discussions and meetings. So, some delay is bound to take place. But because it has followed procedures, its decisions may be both more acceptable to the people and more effective. These conflicts can be solved by brutal power. But that would lead to resentment and unhappiness.

Democracy provides the only peaceful solution to the problem. There is no guarantee that mistakes cannot be made in democracy. But such mistakes cannot be hidden for long in democracy. There is space for public discussion on these mistakes. And there is a room for correction. Support the statement.

Answer: Democracy ensures that decision making will be based on norms and procedures. So, a citizen who wants to know if a decision was taken through correct procedures can find this out. This is transparency. In India citizens have been given the Right to Information about government and its functioning. Thus, democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens to hold the government accountable and mechanisms for citizens to take part in decision making whenever they think fit.

Support the statement with examples. Answer: It will be a fair explanation that democracy should produce a harmonious social life. We have seen in earlier chapters how democracies accommodate various social divisions.

For example-In Belgium, the leaders realised that the unity of the country was possible only by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities and regions.

Such a realisation resulted in mutually acceptable arrangements for sharing power. Democracies usually develop a procedure to conduct their competition. This reduces the possibility of such tensions becoming explosive or violent.

This leads to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens. Explain any four features that are common in all the democratic setups of government. Answer: i An ideal government ensures that decision making will be based on norms and procedures. It gives its citizens the right and means to examine the process of decision making. In this, it maintains transparency. It passes anti-corruption laws which have deterrent effects on those who are corrupt.

It teaches them how to build a national character. Answer: i Democracy is a form of government in which people have the right to choose their rulers and have control over them. Whenever possible and necessary, people participate in decision making, that affects them all.

They offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the current rulers. This choice of opportunity is available to all the people on an equal basis. In any society, people are bound to have differences of opinions and interests. They look at the world very differently and have different preferences.

Answer: a But felt to be not so good in its practice Democracy is seen to be good in principle but felt to be not so good Ncert Questions Of Class 10th Users in its practise. Our interest and fascination for democracy often pushes us into taking a position that democracy: a Cannot address all socio-economic and political problems b Can address all socio-economic and political problems e Can solve our problems d Cannot do anything.

Answer: b Can address all socio-economic and political problems We always think that democracy can address all socio-economic and political problems. One of the most basic outcomes of democracy should be that it produces a government that: a Can may rules for the country b Can allow citizens to vote c Is accountable to the citizens d None of the above.

Answer: c Is accountable to the citizens Democracy should always produce a government that is accountable to the citizens. Democracy is based on the idea of: a Deliberation and negotiation b Rule for all c All are equal d None of the above. Answer: a Deliberation and negotiation Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation. A democratic government will take: a Less time to follow procedures before arriving at a decision b More time to follow procedures before arriving at a decision c No time to follow procedures before arriving at a decision d None of the above.

Answer: b More time to follow procedures before arriving at a decision A democratic government will always take more time to follow procedures before arriving at a decision. Most democracies fall short of election that provide: a A fair change to everyone b Fair rules to everyone c Fair rights to everyone d None of the above.

Answer: a A fair change to everyone Most democracies fall short of elections that provide a fair chance to everyone. Democratic governments do not have a very good record when it comes to: a Sharing information with government b Sharing rights to everyone c Sharing information with citizens d All the above.

Answer: c Sharing information with citizens Democratic governments do not have a very good record when it comes to sharing information with citizens. In substantive terms it may be reasonable to expect from democracy a government that is: a Attentive to the needs of the people b Demands of the people c Free of corruption d All the above.

The routine tales of corruption are enough to convince us that democracy: a Is free of all evils b Is not free of all evils c Is the right choice d None of the above. Evidence shows that in practice many democracies: a Have fulfilled every expection b Have the capacity to do what they want c Do not fulfil every expectation d None of the above. Answer: b Dictatorships Dictatorships have shown slightly higher rate of economic growth.

Our interest is and fascination for democracy often pushes us into taking a position that democracy can address all socio-economic and religious problems. The first step towards thinking carefully about the outcomes of democracy is to recognise that democracy is just a form of government. In a democracy, we are most concerned with ensuring that people will have the right to choose their rulers and people will have control over the rulers.

Democracies have had greater success in setting up regular and free elections and in setting up conditions for open public debate. Democratic government have a very good record when it comes to sharing information with citizens. Question 9. It may be slow, less efficient, not always very responsive or clean. That is why there is an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world.

Question Analyse any three values that make democracy better. On the basis of which values will it be a fair expectation that democracy should produce a harmonious social life? But we can certainly learn to respect these differences and evolve a mechanism to negotiate the differences. Belgium is an example of how successfully differences were negotiated among ethnic groups. Therefore, democracy is best suited to accommodate various social divisions as it usually develops a procedure to conduct their competition.

But the example of Sri Lanka shows how distrust between two communities turned into widespread conflict. Thus, a democracy must fulfil the following conditions and be based on these values in order to achieve a harmonious social life�. Why do we feel that democracy is a better form of government than any other form? Why do we feel that democracy is a better form of government than any other form of government?

How do democracies accommodate social diversity? Explain with examples. Support the statement with suitable examples. But the example of Sri Lanka shows how distrust between two communities turned into widespread conflict, and thus a democracy must fulfil the following two conditions in order to achieve a harmonious social life:.

Explain the ways in which democracy has succeeded in maintaining dignity and freedom of citizens. How is democracy a better form of government in comparison with other forms of governments? For example, having a formal Constitution, holding regular elections, guaranteeing the citizens certain rights, working for the welfare of the people etc.

Democracy recognizes dignity of women as a necessary ingredient of society. The one way to ensure that women related problems get adequate attention is to have more women as elected representatives. To achieve this, it is legally binding to have a fair proportion of women in the elected bodies. Panchayati Raj in India has reserved one-third seats in local government bodies for women. When governments are formed, political parties usually take care that representatives of different castes and tribes find a place in it.

Some political parties are known to favour some castes. Democracy provides for equal status and opportunities for all castes.

A democracy is concerned with ensuring that people will have the right to choose their rulers and people will have control over the rulers. Whenever possible and necessary, citizens should be able to participate in decision-making that affects them all.

There is transparency in a democracy like India. In October , the Right to Information RTI law was passed which ensures all its citizens the right to get all the information about the functions of the government departments. In a democracy, people also have the right to complain about its functioning. So a citizen, who wants to know if a decision was taken through the correct procedures, can find out as democracy guarantees to the citizens the right and the means to examine the process of decision-making.

In a democracy people have the right to choose their rulers and people will have control over them. Thus it ensures transparency by producing a government that is accountable to the citizens and is responsive to their needs and expectations. It is right to expect democracy to produce a government that follows procedures and is accountable to people. Thus, the necessary delay in implementation. There is transparency.

An ideal government in a democracy follows procedures and is accountable to the people. A citizen has the right and the means to examine the process of decision making. An ideal government is attentive and responsive to the needs and expectations of the people and is largely free of corruption as it is a legitimate government.

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