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The best part is you can access expert textbook solutions on our study portal for free at any time. You will learn about expansion challenges, foundational challenges and challenge of deepening in the NCERT solutions. You will also get answers on corruption and criminalisation of politics in this chapter. You will find solutions for MCQs, short answer questions and long answer questions in our chapter solutions.
Chapter 7 from your Civics syllabus gives you an idea of why inequalities exist in a democracy. You will also learn how such inequalities are prevented when building a successful democracy. Enter the OTP sent to your number Change. Resend OTP. Don't miss this! Ok Cancel. Ok Choose Chapter. Ok Choose Topic. Yes No. Choose Subjects. Choose Chapters. Chapter 1 � Power Sharing Read questions and answers based on how power sharing functions in a democracy. Chapter 2 � Federalism Understand the federal form of government with our expert answers for Chapter 2 questions.
Chapter 3 � Democracy and Diversity Relearn the role of political leaders and their leadership style with our Chapter 3 solutions. Chapter 8 � Challenges of Democracy As the chapter name suggests, this chapter teaches you about the various challenges faced by a democratic government. Have an account? Sign In. Verify mobile number. Set Password. Sign In Reset Password. When we look at school results, girls perform as well as boys, if not better in some places.
No wonder the proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small. On an average an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man every day. The Equal Remuneration Act, provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work.
However, in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema, to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work. In many parts of India parents prefer to have sons and find ways to Class 10th Civics Chapter 2 Ncert Solutions Data have the girl child aborted before she is born.
Such sex-selective abortion led to a decline in child sex ratio. One way to solve this problem is to make it legally binding to have a fair proportion of women in the elected bodies. This is what the Panchayati Raj has done in India. One-third of seats in local government bodies � in panchayats and municipalities � are now reserved for women. Now there are more than10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies.
A bill with this proposal has been pending before the Parliament for more than a decade. But there is no consensus over this among all the political parties. The bill has not been passed. In India, Class 10th Civics Chapter 4 Ncert Solutions Model the proportion of women in legislature has been very low. For example, the percentage of elected women members in Lok Sabha has touched 12 per cent of its total strength for the first time in Their share in the state assemblies is less than 5 per cent.
In this respect, India is among the bottom group of nations in the world. India is behind the averages for several developing countries of Africa and Latin America. In the government, cabinets are largely all-male even when a woman becomes the Chief Minister or the Prime Minister.
Unlike gender differences, the religious differences are often expressed in the field of politics in the following ways: Gandhi ji used to say that religion can never be separated from politics. What he meant by religion was not any particular religion like Hinduism or Islam but moral values that inform all religions.
He believed that politics must be guided by ethics drawn from religion. Human rights groups in our country have argued that most of the victims of communal riots in our country are people from religious minorities.
So they have demanded that government should change these laws to make them more equitable. Ideas, ideals and values drawn from different religions can and perhaps should play a role in politics. People should be able to express in politics their needs, interests and demands as a member of a religious community. Those who hold political power should sometimes be able to regulate the practice of religion so as to prevent discrimination and oppression.
These political acts are not wrong as long as they treat every religion equally. Communalism can take various forms in politics: The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs.
This is so common that we often fail to notice it, even when we believe in it. For those belonging to majority community, this takes the form of majoritarian dominance. Political mobilization on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism. This involves the use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal and plain fear in order to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena.
Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre. India and Pakistan suffered some of the worst communal riots at the time of the Partition. Communalism involves thinking along the following lines. The followers of a particular religion must belong to one community.
Their fundamental interests are the same. Any difference that they may have is irrelevant or trivial for community life. It also follows that people who follow different religions cannot belong to the same social community. If the followers of different religion have some commonalities these are superficial and immaterial. Their interests are bound to be different and involve a conflict. Those laws that deal with family related matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance, etc.
In our country, different family laws apply to followers of different religions. There is no official religion for the Indian state. Unlike the status of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, that of Islam in Pakistan and that of Christianity in England, our Constitution does not give a special status to any religion.
The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any. For example, it bans untouchability. They were subjected to the inhuman practice of untouchability That is why political leaders and social reformers like Jotiba Phule, Gandhiji, B. Ambedkar and Periyar Ramaswami Naicker advocated and worked to establish a society in which caste inequalities are absent. Communalism was and continues to be one of the major challenges to democracy in our country.
The makers of our Constitution were aware of this challenge. That is why they chose the model of a secular state. This choice was reflected in several constitutional provisions that we studied last year. Partly due to their efforts and partly due to other socio-economic changes, castes and caste system in modern India have undergone great changes.
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