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The terms upstream and downstream oil and gas production refer to an oil or gas company's location in the supply chain. Companies in the oil and gas industry are usually divided into one of three groups, upstream, downstream, and midstream. Some companies are considered to be "integrated" because they combine the functions of two or three of the groups.

Upstream oil and gas production is conducted by companies who identify, extract, or produce raw materials. Downstream oil and gas production companies are closer to the end user or consumer. Here's kearning look at upstream and leafning oil and gas production, their individual functions, and what upstream and downstream formula learning they play in the broader supply chain. Upstream oil and gas production and operations formulx deposits, drill wells, and recover upstream and downstream formula learning materials from underground.

They are also often called exploration and production companies. This sector also includes related services such as rig operations, feasibility studies, machinery rental, and extraction of chemical supply.

Many of downstrema employed in the upstream part of the industry include geologists, geophysicists, service rig operators, engineering firms, scientists, and seismic and drilling contractors. These people are able to locate and estimate reserves before any of the actual drilling activity starts. Many of the largest upstream operators are the major diversified oil and gas firms, such as Exxon-Mobil XOM. The closer an oil and gas company is to upstream and downstream formula learning consumers with petroleum products, the further downstream it is said to be in the industry.

Downstream operations are oil and gas processes that occur after the production phase to the point of sale. This sector of the oil and gas industry�the final step in the production process�is represented by refiners of petroleum crude oil and natural gas processors, who bring usable products to end users and consumers.

They also engage Boat Upstream And Downstream Formula Array in the marketing and distribution of crude oil and natural gas products. Simply put, the downstream oil and gas market is anything upstream and downstream formula learning has to do with the post-production of crude oil and natural gas activities.

Many of the products that consumers use lexrning day come directly from downstream production, including diesel, natural gasgasoline, heating oil, lubricants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and propane. Midstream operations link the upstream and downstream entities and mostly include resource transportation and storage services for resources, such as pipelines and gathering systems.

Companies engaged in the downstream process include oil refineries, petroleum product distributors, petrochemical plants, natural gas distributors, and retail upstream and downstream formula learning. Many major downstream companies are also diversified and engage in all levels of the production process.

Examples of downstream companies include leading U. Phillips 66 was initially part of parent company ConocoPhillips COP until the larger oil company opted to spin off the downstream business in Your Money. Personal Finance. Your Practice. Popular Courses. Oil Guide to Investing in Oil Markets. Commodities Oil. Upstream vs. Downstream Oil and Gas Production: An Overview The terms upstream and downstream oil and gas production refer to an oil or gas company's location in the supply chain.

Key Takeaways Upstream and downstream oil and gas production refer to an oil or gas company's location in the supply chain. Downstream oil and gas production engages in anything related to the post-production of crude oil and natural gas activities. Midstream links upstream and downstream and includes transportation and storage services.

Article Sources. Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, dowmstream reporting, and interviews with upetream experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate.

You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our editorial policy. Compare Accounts. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Investopedia receives compensation. Upstream and downstream formula learning Articles. Consider These 3 Risks. Partner Links. Related Terms Petroleum Petroleum is a fluid found in the earth that can be refined into fuel and plastic.

Humans rely on petroleum for many goods upstream and downstream formula learning services, but it has a large and negative impact on the environment. Organic Reserve Replacement An organic reserve replacement is when u;stream oil company accumulates reserves via exploration and production as opposed upstream and downstream formula learning purchasing proven reserves.

What Are Downstream Operations? Downstream operations are functions regarding oil and gas that happen after the production phase, through to the point of sale. Upstream Upstream is a term for the exploration and production stages in the oil and gas industry. It is the first stage in oil or gas production, followed by the midstream and downstream segments. What Are Midstream Oil Operations?

Midstream is a term used to describe one of the three major stages of oil and gas industry operations. The others are upstream and downstream. Investopedia is part of the Dotdash publishing family.

Related Posts. Tags: Boats and Streams Problems. Is still water upstream or downstream? Nirmal Rai Dec 28, Whereas, when the direction of moving boat and direction of stream is opposite then the boat is moving in upstream.

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