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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes - Learn CBSE

Class 10 Science chapter wise solution for Science Book all the chapters can be downloaded from our website and myCBSEguide mobile app for free. As in multicellular organisms, all the cells are not in direct contact with environment, simple diffusion does not meet the requirement of all the body cells.

All the living organism must have movement at molecular levels along with respiration and other life soltions like nutrition, respiration, transportation and excretion to be called alive. Outside raw materials used for by an organism includes:. Distinction between ncert solutions class 10th life processes us and heterotrophic nutrition:. Enzymes break-down the various complex components of food into simple and soluble components so that they can be absorbed easily.

The inner lining of small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi which increase the surface area for absorption. The villi are richly supplied with blood vessels which transport the absorbed food to each and every cells of the body.

Where, it is utilized to obtaining energy and repair of old tissues. Clwss rate of breathing is slower in terrestrial organisms as compared to aquatic organisms. This is due to the fact that in water, the amount of oxygen is less as compared to air while in aquatic organisms the rate of breathing is faster.

In human beings, a pigment hemoglobin is present in RBC which has high processex for oxygen, takes up the oxygen from the air in the lungs and carry it to tissues which are deficient in oxygen. Some ncert solutions class 10th life processes us is carried in dissolved xolutions in blood plasma. Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen is mostly transported in the dissolved form in our blood. In lungs, the bronchioles terminate in balloon-like structures called alveoli.

The alveoli contains network of blood capillaries that increase the surface area for exchange of gases. The components of human transport system include:.

The separation of the ncert solutions class 10th life processes us and left side of heart is useful to prevent oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood from mixing. Such separation allows a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body.

This is useful in animals that have high energy needs, such as birds and pife that constantly use the energy to maintain their body temperature.

Clasw transport system of higher plants consists of xylem and phloem. Xylems have vessels and trachieds to transport water and minerals from root to 10tn part of the plants. Phloem, which consists of sieve tubes and companion cells, transport food from leaves to claes organs clsas other parts of plant.

Water and ncert solutions class 10th life processes us are transported in plants through xylem which consists of trachieds and vessels. Water and minerals absorbed ncert solutions class 10th life processes us root hairs present in root by osmosis is passed to xylem tissues of root.

From root xylem it passes to stem xylem and thus water reaches to leaves. Food is transported in plants through phloem which consists of sieve tubes, sieve cells and companion cells. The food prepared in leaves in soluble form transported to leaves phloem. Active transport of food passes to nceet other parts of plants. Each nephron is a cluster of very thin-walled blood capillaries.

Nephron filters the blood in order to remove nitrogenous waste. They also absorb some useful substance such as glucose, amino acids, minerals and major amount of water from filtrate. The amount of urine depends on how much excess of water is in the body and how much processs water soluble waste is to be excreted. If the amount of water and dissolved wastes in boy are more than amount of urine will be more and if amount of wastes is less the amount of urine produced will be.

Ncert solution class 10 Science includes text book solutions from Book. Class 10 Science have total llife chapters. Save my name, email, and processea in this browser for the next time I comment. Download Now.

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The substance remained in the nephron is mainly urine containing dissolved urea in water which is expelled from the body through urethra from time to time. The filtrate passes into the tubular part of the nephron. This filtrate contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and water. Reabsorption : As the filtrate flows along the tubule, useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, salts and water are selectively reabsorbed into the blood by capillaries surrounding the nephron tubule.

Urine : The filtrate which remained after reabsorption is called urine. Urine contains dissolved nitrogenous waste like urea and uric acid, excess salts and water. Urine is collected from nephrons to carry it to the ureter from where it passes into urinary bladder. Question 2 What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?

Answer: i The plants get rid of gaseous products-through stomata in leaves and lenticels in stems. Question 3 How is the amount of urine produced regulated? Answer: The amount of urine is regulated by kidney. It depends on the quantity of excess water and wastes dissolved in water.

When water is less in quantity in the body tissues, a small quantity of concentrate urine is excreted. When there is more quantity of dissolved wastes in the body, more quantity of water is required to excrete them. Therefore, the amount of urine produced increases. Question 1 The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for i nutrition ii respiration iii excretion iv transportation Answer: iii Excretion.

Question 2 The xylem in plants are responsible for i transport of water ii transport of food iii transport of amino acids iv transport of oxygen Answer: i Transport of water. Question 3 The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires i carbon dioxide and water ii chlorophyll iii sunlight iv all of the above Answer: iv All of the above.

Question 4 The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in i cytoplasm ii mitochondria iii chloroplast iv nucleus Answer: ii Mitochondria. Question 5 How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place? Answer: Digestion of fats takes place in the small intestine. Bile juice secreted by the liver poured in the intestine along with pancreatic juice.

The bile salts present in the bile juice emulsify fhe large globules of fats. Therefore, by enulsification large globules break down into fine globules to provide larger surface area to act upon by the enzymes.

Lipase enzyme present in the pancreatic juice causes break down of emulsified fats. Glands present in the wall of small intestine secrete intestinal juice which contains lipase enzyme that converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 6 What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? Answer: Saliva contains salivary amylase enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars like maltose. Saliva keeps the mouth cavity clean and moistens the food that help in chewing and breaking down the big pieces of food into smaller ones.

Question 7 What are the necessary conditions or autotrophic nutrition and what are its by-products? Answer: Necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition : i Presence of chlorophyll in the living cells. By-product of auto tropic nutrition is oxygen. Question 8 What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration. Question 9 How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases? Answer: i The alveoli are thin walled and richly supplied with a network of blood vessels to facilitate exchange of gases between blood and the air filled in alveoli. Hence, provide maximum surface for exchange of gases. Question 10 What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?

Answer: Due to the deficiency of haemoglobin in blood, its oxygen carrying capacity decreases. As a result the production of energy by oxidation will become slower. Therefore, one would fall sick and would feel fatigue most of the time. Question 11 Describe double circulation in human beings.

Why is it necessary? Answer: In our heart blood enters twice and also pumped out twice from the heart. The deoxygenated blood from the body is brought to the right atrium through vena cava from where it is sent to right ventricle.

From right ventricle, the blood is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation through pulmonary artery. The oxygenated blood from lungs again enters the left atrium of the heart through pulmonary veins. From left atrium it is send to left ventricle, from where this oxygenated blood is pumped to different parts of body through the arteries.

Necessity of double circulation: The right side and the left side of the human heart are useful to keep deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from mixing. This type of separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood ensures a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body. This is useful in case of humans who constantly need energy to maintain their body temperature. Question 12 What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?

Question 13 Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals. Question 1 How are fats digested in our bodies? Solution: The small intestine is the site of the complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. It receives the secretions of the liver and pancreas for this purpose.

The food coming from the stomach is acidic and has to be made alkaline for the pancreatic enzymes to act. Bile juice from the liver accomplishes this in addition to acting on fats. Fats are present in the intestine in the form of large globules, which make it difficult for enzymes to act on them. Bile salts break them down into smaller globules increasing the efficiency of enzyme action.

The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes like trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats. The walls of the small intestine contain glands, which secrete intestinal juice. The enzymes present in it finally convert the proteins to amino acids, complex carbohydrates into glucose and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 2 What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? This is actually not only water, but also a fluid called saliva secreted by the salivary glands. Another aspect of the food we ingest is its complex nature. If it is to be absorbed from the alimentary canal, it has to be broken into smaller molecules.

This is done with the help of biological catalysts called enzymes. The saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that breaks down starch, which is a complex molecule to give sugar.

The food is mixed thoroughly with saliva and moved around the mouth while chewing by the muscular tongue. Question 3 What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its byproducts?

Solution: Carbon and energy requirements of the autotrophic organism are fulfilled by photosynthesis. It is the process by which autotrophs take in substances from the outside and convert them into stored forms of energy. This material is taken in the form of carbon dioxide and water, which is converted into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.

Carbohydrates are utilised for providing energy to the plant. The carbohydrates, which are not used immediately, are stored in the form of starch, which serves as the internal energy reserve to be used as and when required by the plant. Question 4 What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Solution: The food material taken in during the process of nutrition is used in cells to provide energy for various life processes.

Diverse organisms do this in different ways � some use oxygen to breakdown glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water; some use other pathways that do not involve oxygen. In all cases, the first step is the breakdown of glucose, a six-carbon molecule, into a three-carbon molecule called pyruvate.

This process takes place in the cytoplasm. Further, the pyruvate may be converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This process takes place in yeast during fermentation. Since this process takes place in the absence of air oxygen , it is called anaerobic respiration. Breakdown of pyruvate using oxygen takes place in the mitochondria. This process breaks up the three-carbon pyruvate molecule to give three molecules of carbon dioxide.

The other product is water. Since this process takes place in the presence of air oxygen , it is called aerobic respiration. The release of energy in this aerobic process is a lot greater than in the anaerobic process.

Question 5 How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases? Solution: Within the lungs, the passage divides into smaller and smaller tubes, which finally terminate in balloon-like structures, which are called alveoli. The alveoli provide a surface where the exchange of gases can take place. The walls of the alveoli contain an extensive network of blood vessels.

As we have seen in earlier years, when we breathe in, we lift our ribs and flatten our diaphragm, and the chest cavity becomes larger as a result.

Because of this, air is sucked into the lungs and fills the expanded alveoli. The blood brings carbon dioxide from the rest of the body for release into the alveoli, and the oxygen in the alveolar air is taken up by blood in the alveolar blood vessels to be transported to all the cells in the body. During the breathing cycle, when air is taken in and let out, the lungs always contain a residual volume of air so that there is sufficient time for oxygen to be absorbed and for the carbon dioxide to be released.

Question 6 Describe double circulation in human beings. Solution: The double circulatory system of blood flow refers to the separate systems of pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation.

The adult human heart consists of two separated pumps, the right side with the right atrium and ventricle which pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation.

The oxygenated blood re-enters the left side of the heart through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium and passes to the left ventricle where it is pumped to the rest of the body. This part of the circulation is called as systemic circulation. A variegated leaf contains green as well as a non-green part. The green part contains chlorophyll, while the non-green part is devoid of chlorophyll.

To begin with a fresh experiment, we put Leaf in the dark for a few days. Leaf in the dark do not photosynthesize new starch, and the plant consumes all its previous starch. Now the leaf is put into the sun. Here chlorophyll inside the chloroplast makes new starch. A broken leaf can not transport starch to different parts of the body. So this starch now remains localized to the green area only.

We now put the leaf into boiling alcohol. A boiling solution of alcohol breaks the cell wall and chloroplast. As in multicellular organisms, all the cells are not in direct contact with environment, simple diffusion does not meet the requirement of all the body cells. All the living organism must have movement at molecular levels along with respiration and other life process like nutrition, respiration, transportation and excretion to be called alive.

Outside raw materials used for by an organism includes:. Distinction between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition:. Enzymes break-down the various complex components of food into simple and soluble components so that they can be absorbed easily. The inner lining of small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi which increase the surface area for absorption.

The villi are richly supplied with blood vessels which transport the absorbed food to each and every cells of the body. Where, it is utilized to obtaining energy and repair of old tissues.

The rate of breathing is slower in terrestrial organisms as compared to aquatic organisms. This is due to the fact that in water, the amount of oxygen is less as compared to air while in aquatic organisms the rate of breathing is faster.

In human beings, a pigment hemoglobin is present in RBC which has high affinity for oxygen, takes up the oxygen from the air in the lungs and carry it to tissues which are deficient in oxygen. Some oxygen is carried in dissolved state in blood plasma.

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