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Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions Free PDF Solutions Oct 06, �� Download free NCERT Solutions for all chapters of the Class 10 Social Science Geography textbook. Find here the best-explained answers to enhance your learning and get . NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 � Life Processes In the chapter, Life Processes, we get to learn about various factors that contribute to a being for its living. The chapter briefly discusses the different processes that are required to maintain and sustain life such as respiration, nutrition, transportation of materials and. Aug 16, �� NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes: In this article, you will find all the necessary information regarding NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes. Students who are planning to build their career stream in the field of medicine can refer to this article as biology plays a major role in the medical field.
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Since air dissolved in water has fairly low concentration of oxygen, the aquatic organisms have much faster rate of breathing. Terrestrial organisms take oxygen from the oxygen-rich atmosphere through respiratory organs. Hence, they have much less breathing rate than aquatic organisms.

Question 2 What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms? Answer: First step of breakdown of glucose 6 carbon molecules takes place in the cytoplasm of cells of all organisms. This process yields a three carbon molecule compound called pyruvate.

Further break down of pyruvate takes place in different ways in different organisms. The release of energy in aerobic respiration is much more than in anaerobic respiration. Formation of lactic acid in muscles causes cramp.

Question 3 How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings? Answer: i Transport of oxygen : Haemoglobin present in the blood takes up the oxygen from the air in the lungs. It carries the oxygen to tissues which are deficient in oxygen before releasing it. Therefore, it is mostly transported from body tissues in the dissolved form in our blood plasma to lungs.

Here it diffuses from blood to air in the lungs. Question 4 How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximise the area for exchange of gases? Answer: Within the lungs, the air passage divides into smaller and smaller tubes, called bronchi which in turn form bronchioles.

The bronchioles terminate in balloon-like structures, called alveoli. The alveoli present in the lungs provide maximum surface for exchange of gases. The alveoli have vary thin walls and contain an extensive network of blood vessels to facilitate exchange of gases. Question 1 What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the functions of these components? Answer: The transport system circulatory system in human beings mainly consists of heart, blood and blood vessels.

It receives purified blood from lungs and pumps it around the body. It also protects the body from diseases and regulates the body temperature. Question 2 Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds? Answer: Separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood allows good supply of oxygen to the body.

This system is useful in animals that have high energy requirement. Mammals and birds constantly need oxygen to get energy to maintain their body temperature constant. Question 3 What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?

Answer: In highly organised plants there are two conducting tissues xylem and phloem. Xylem consists of vessels, tracheids and other xylem tissues. The interconnected vessels and tracheids form a continuous system of water conducting channels reaching all parts of the plant.

Xylem carries water and minerals. Phloem conducts soluble products of photosynthesis from leaves to different parts of the plant body. Question 4 How are water and minerals transport in plants? The root hair are directly in contact with the film of water in between the soil particles.

Water and dissolved minerals get into the root hair by the process of diffusion. The water and minerals absorbed by the root hair from the soil pass from cell to cell by osmosis through the epidermis, root cortex, endodermis and reach the root xylem. The xylem vessels of the root of the plant are connected to the xylem vessels of its stem.

Therefore the water containing dissolved minerals enters the root xylem vessels into stem xylem vessels. The xylem vessels of the stem branch into the leaves of the plants. So, the water and minerals carried by the xylem vessels in the stem reach the leaves through the branched xylem vessels which enter from the petiole stalk of the leaf into each and every part of the leaf. Thus the water and minerals from the soil reach through the root and stem to the leaves of the plants.

Evaporation of water molecules from the cells of a leaf creates a suction which pulls water from the xylem cells of roots. The loss of water in the form of vapour from the aerial parts of the plant is known as transpiration. Question 5 How is food transported in plants? Answer: The movement of food in phloem or translocation takes place by utilizing energy. The sugar food made in leaves is loaded into the sieve tubes of phloem tissue by using energy from ATR Water now enters the sieve tubes containing sugar by the process of osmosis due to which the pressure in the phloem tissue rises.

This high pressure produced in the phloem tissue moves the food to all parts of the plant having less pressure in their tissues. This allows the phloem to transport food according to the needs of the plant. Question 1 Describe the structure and functions of nephrons. Answer: Structure of nephron : Each nephron is composed of two parts.

One end of the glomerulus is attached to the renal artery which brings the impure blood containing the urea waste into it. These impurities are filtered. The other part of the nephron is coiled. In this part, the substances like sugar glucose , amino acid, ions and excess water which are required by the body, are reabsorbed.

The substance remained in the nephron is mainly urine containing dissolved urea in water which is expelled from the body through urethra from time to time. The filtrate passes into the tubular part of the nephron.

This filtrate contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and water. Reabsorption : As the filtrate flows along the tubule, useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, salts and water are selectively reabsorbed into the blood by capillaries surrounding the nephron tubule.

Urine : The filtrate which remained after reabsorption is called urine. Urine contains dissolved nitrogenous waste like urea and uric acid, excess salts and water. Urine is collected from nephrons to carry it to the ureter from where it passes into urinary bladder.

Question 2 What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products? Answer: i The plants get rid of gaseous products-through stomata in leaves and lenticels in stems. Question 3 How is the amount of urine produced regulated?

Answer: The amount of urine is regulated by kidney. It depends on the quantity of excess water and wastes dissolved in water. When water is less in quantity in the body tissues, a small quantity of concentrate urine is excreted.

When there is more quantity of dissolved wastes in the body, more quantity of water is required to excrete them. Therefore, the amount of urine produced increases. Question 1 The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for i nutrition ii respiration iii excretion iv transportation Answer: iii Excretion. Question 2 The xylem in plants are responsible for i transport of water ii transport of food iii transport of amino acids iv transport of oxygen Answer: i Transport of water.

Question 3 The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires i carbon dioxide and water ii chlorophyll iii sunlight iv all of the above Answer: iv All of the above. Question 4 The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in i cytoplasm ii mitochondria iii chloroplast iv nucleus Answer: ii Mitochondria.

Question 5 How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place? Answer: Digestion of fats takes place in the small intestine. Bile juice secreted by the liver poured in the intestine along with pancreatic juice. The bile salts present in the bile juice emulsify fhe large globules of fats. Therefore, by enulsification large globules break down into fine globules to provide larger surface area to act upon by the enzymes.

Lipase enzyme present in the pancreatic juice Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Geography Chapter 2 Read causes break down of emulsified fats. Glands present in the wall of small intestine secrete intestinal juice which contains lipase enzyme that converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Question 6 What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? Answer: Saliva contains salivary amylase enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars like maltose. Saliva keeps the mouth cavity clean and moistens the food that help in chewing and breaking down the big pieces of food into smaller ones.

Question 7 What are the necessary conditions or autotrophic nutrition and what are its by-products? Answer: Necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition : i Presence of chlorophyll in the living cells. By-product of auto tropic nutrition is oxygen. Question 8 What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration. Question 9 How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?

Answer: i The alveoli are thin walled and richly supplied with a network of blood vessels to facilitate exchange of gases between blood and the air filled in alveoli. Hence, provide maximum surface for exchange of gases. Question 10 What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?

Answer: Due to the deficiency of haemoglobin in blood, its oxygen carrying capacity decreases. As a result the production of energy by oxidation will become slower. Therefore, one would fall sick and would feel fatigue most of the time. Question 11 Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary? Answer: In our heart blood enters twice and also pumped out twice from the heart. The deoxygenated blood from the body is brought to the right atrium through vena cava from where it is sent to right ventricle.

From right ventricle, the blood is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation through pulmonary artery. The oxygenated blood from lungs again enters the left atrium of the heart through pulmonary veins.

From left atrium it is send to left ventricle, from where this oxygenated blood is pumped to different parts of body through the arteries. Necessity of double circulation: The right side and the left side of the human heart are useful to keep deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from mixing. This type of separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood ensures a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body.

This is useful in case of humans who constantly need energy to maintain their body temperature. Question 12 What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?

Question 13 Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals. Question 1 How are fats digested in our bodies? Solution: The small intestine is the site of the complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

It receives the secretions of the liver and pancreas for this purpose. The food coming from the stomach is acidic and has to be made alkaline for the pancreatic enzymes to act. Bile juice from the liver accomplishes this in addition to acting on fats.

Fats are present in the intestine in the form of large globules, which make it difficult for enzymes to act on them. Bile salts break them down into smaller globules increasing the efficiency of enzyme action. The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes like trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats. The walls of the small intestine contain glands, which secrete intestinal juice.

The enzymes present in it finally convert the proteins to amino acids, complex carbohydrates into glucose and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Question 2 What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? This is actually not only water, but also a fluid called saliva secreted by the salivary glands. Another aspect of the food we ingest is its complex nature.

If it is to be absorbed from the alimentary canal, it has to be broken into smaller molecules. This is done with the help of biological catalysts called enzymes. The saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that breaks down starch, which is a complex molecule to give sugar. The food is mixed thoroughly with saliva and moved around the mouth while chewing by the muscular tongue. Question 3 What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its byproducts?

Solution: Carbon and energy requirements of the autotrophic organism are fulfilled by photosynthesis. It is the process by which autotrophs take in substances from the outside and convert them into stored forms of energy. This material is taken in the form of carbon dioxide and water, which is converted into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Carbohydrates are utilised for providing energy to the plant. The carbohydrates, which are not used immediately, are stored in the form of starch, which serves as the internal energy reserve to be used as and when required by the plant.

Question 4 What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Solution: The food material taken in during the process of nutrition is used in cells to provide energy for various life processes. Diverse organisms do this in different ways � some use oxygen to breakdown glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water; some use other pathways that do not involve oxygen. In all cases, the first step is the breakdown of glucose, a six-carbon molecule, into a three-carbon molecule called pyruvate.

This process takes place in the cytoplasm. Further, the pyruvate may be converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This process takes place in yeast during fermentation. Since this process takes place in the absence of air oxygen , it is called anaerobic respiration.

Breakdown of pyruvate using oxygen takes place in the mitochondria. This process breaks up the three-carbon pyruvate molecule to give three molecules of carbon dioxide. The other product is water. Since this process takes place in the presence of air oxygen , it is called aerobic respiration. The release of energy in this aerobic process is a lot greater than in the anaerobic process.

Question 5 How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases? Solution: Within the lungs, the passage divides into smaller and smaller tubes, which finally terminate in balloon-like structures, which are called alveoli. The alveoli provide a surface where the exchange of gases can take place. The walls of the alveoli contain an extensive network of blood vessels.

As we have seen in earlier years, when we breathe in, we lift our ribs and flatten our diaphragm, and the chest cavity becomes larger as a result. Because of this, air is sucked into the lungs and fills the expanded alveoli. The blood brings carbon dioxide from the rest of the body for release into the alveoli, and the oxygen in the alveolar air is taken up by blood in the alveolar blood vessels to be transported to all the cells in the body.

During the breathing cycle, when air is taken in and let Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Geography Chapter 6 Journed out, the lungs always contain a residual volume of air so that there is sufficient time for oxygen to be absorbed and for the carbon dioxide to be released.

Question 6 Describe double circulation in human beings. Solution: The double circulatory system of blood flow refers to the separate systems of pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation.

NCERT Solutions are always considered one of the best resources to have a clear understanding of the concepts and learn the criteria to find answers to different types of questions. With reliable solutions, students can easily prepare their school assignments and complete their homework.

NCERT Solutions make the most important guide to do self-study and giving you a chance to assess your preparation level and understanding of the subject. These solutions are exclusively prepared for the new academic session so that students can start their preparations for the board examinations right from the beginning of the session.

Class 10 Geography textbook has total seven chapters. In these chapters, the status of India's natural resources is discussed mentioning their distribution all across the country and their part in its development. We also get to know about various manufacturing industries for which these natural resources serve as the raw materials.

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