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The problem of sensible and effective fiberglass disposal is well documented, and proven technological and regulatory solutions are available. So why does practical end-of-life disposal for old composite boats remain elusive?

In the United States and many other countries, the immediately practical boatbuilrer is to chop them up and cart them to the landfill despite the considerable recyclable material in each boat. Plastic can be fantastic, but when it comes to end-of-life processing, not so. Old glass-reinforced plastic GRP hulls boatbuulder piling up in harbors, backyards, boatyards, and landfills, perhaps because the central issues are stubborn: Fiberglass laminates are long-lasting, difficult to disassemble, and have scant value as recovered material.

In practice, none of these cycles is completely self-sustaining, often requiring the addition of virgin material with each use cycle. Before becoming trash, boats go through a long decline that starts with anchoring out and lack of upkeep. None of the processes is highly profitable, which means the professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost hope for old GRP boats is to separate materials like metals and wood for scrap. The old fiberglass hulls were designed and built for durability, not reuse.

Decades later, those petroleum-based products invariably end up in the dump or abandoned. When left in a creek, bay, or marina, derelict boats become environmental hazards. The basic formula behind this regrettable trend is best expressed as:. In the U. It could be a different story if boats, like cars, were subjected to inspections to ensure their soundness, and aging craft were tracked, so they could be decommissioned and taken out of circulation before they become a leaky reservoir of toxic substances.

Following discussion of end-of-life management of fiberglass boats as part of the London Convention and London Protocol inthe International Maritime Organization IMO commissioned a study to review options for boat disposal and recycling with special focus on small island developing states SIDS with limited resources and disposal options.

Over the years, work in this field includes multiple reports concluding that, at present, there is no viable financial market for professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost resulting material, professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost it is not especially professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost or valuable.

See also: Dead Boats: Headache or Opportunity Hence, the most common disposal strategy in most countries, including the U.

Only where regulatory pressure prohibits this practice are other solutions being developed and professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost. While the profits of building new boats remain private, the cost of cleaning up end-of-life boats is socialized.

In France, for instance, industry shares the burden by assuming end-of-life responsibility for boats by financing a nonprofit to remove, dismantle, and dispose of old professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost boats, a process professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost supported by professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost environmental tax.

Because of technical deficiencies, a poorly maintained boat professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost sink at its slip, where it becomes an expensive eco hazard.

If professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost owner disappears, the marina is stuck with the problem. The growing problem of fiberglass disposal professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost far beyond the boatbuilding industry and has global implications. That is expected to climb to 3 billion lbs 1. After six consecutive years of growth in GRP production, European demand flattened to 1.

Annual production capacity in China exceeded 5. They fell another 8. They forced many producers to close shop. We nagazine about old boats abandoned because owners die, or people with grand dreams of buying boats to fix them up fall short. The top priority is putting together a mechanism�to change the law.

We discussed the regulatory restrictions of Europe that made disposal of fiberglass in the landfill illegal in some countries and spurred alternative approaches and solutions. And we touched on funding, or the lack thereof, for agencies tasked with collecting derelict and abandoned boats, cleaning them up, and turning them over to a processor.

Just how many legacy boats are derelict and need to be dealt with is not easy to determine. How many of that one million are derelict is difficult to say.

This rate of disposal is not expected to slow down, as many first-generation fiberglass boats launched s�90s have begun to reach their end-of-life status.

The problem of abandoned fiberglass boats affects waterfront communities around the world, from Norway, where this image was taken, to small island nations in the South Pacific with few disposal resources and little landfill space. Within five minutes I had all the information I needed and got a lesson in American efficiency and customer service. What about engine, oil, and other fluids? No. One is cement-kiln coprocessing, where ground-up fiberglass waste helps reduce the carbon footprint of the cement industry.

Coprocessing has been in use in Europe, where the wind industry is big and the landfills are small, and GRP waste would be piling up sky-high. Vinagro professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost in Johnston. Inwhen researching their best course of action for a program called Rhode Island Fiberglass Vessel Recycling RIFVRRhode Island Sea Grant and RIMTA consulted with several European outfits that develop waste management solutions for decommissioned wind-turbine-rotor blades and other plastic and GRP products such as pultrusion profiles, tanks, pipes, boatbuklder boards, truck spoilers, sinks, cable ducts, and boxes.

In Subsription and the c 3 RIMTA Foundation completed the first phase of a pilot project that examined and verified the viability of cement-kiln coprocessing for end-of-life fiberglass boat hull material.

Vinagro Corp. Next, the hulks were cut up and crushed by heavy machinery and fed into a horizontal grinder. Material consistency and volume are critical to quality control in industrial production. Given the diversity in fiberglass composite hulls going into the grinder, this step makes sense. Most regulatory constraints are subscriptjon the requirements as a fuel, such as how it will be handled while on-site and also other limits, such as heat value.

Gypsum calcium sulfate and possibly additional cementitious compounds such as blast furnace slag, coal fly ash. All constituents are then ground into a fine homogenous powder we call cement.

The mineral composition of the regrind is consistent with the optimum ratio between calcium oxide, silica, and aluminum oxide. Additionally, the organic fraction i. Fiberglass waste would be used primarily as a resource for heating and activating limestone as it moves through the tower. The constituent elements found in boatbuildsr ash of fiberglass waste silica, alumina, professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost. A document furnished by RIMTA to explain cement kiln function says Geocycle expressed interest in exploring pneumatic injection of fiberglass and other size-reduced waste directly into the arc of the kiln flame to provide a direct source of energy and thermal retention.

The remaining constituent elements trapped inside the ash would become incorporated into the clinkers. One kiln in Northampton, Pennsylvania, is equipped for that procedure and expressed interest in fiberglass waste. One possibility to scale coprocessing could be a cross-platform approach combining similar waste streams, like those of old fiberglass boats and fiberglass wind-turbine-rotor blades that will be retired in large numbers around the world.

WindEurope estimates around 14, blades could be de-commissioned bycomprising between 40, and 60, tons of fiberglass. Blending ground boat hulls with other end-of-life fiberglass products to create a reliable and acceptable material supply for cement kiln use requires significant effort.

Looking at 40 years of boat construction and establishing a core group of materials that are compatible with recycling processes and are more predictable at their end of life would certainly help. Scaling a coprocessing scheme for old fiberglass boats to a regional or professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost level will require a herculean effort on many fronts: collection, dismantling, crushing, grinding, and processing.

Manufacturers, of course, are not oblivious to the benefits of sustainability and are quick to point to professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost they have implemented or are in the process of introducing.

Improving efficiencies, reducing waste and water consumption, incorporating recycled materials, switching to renewable energy, education and community support are typical talking boafbuilder that echo Confessions of a Radical Industrialistthe book by Ray Anderson, the late CEO of carpet manufacturer Interface, which embraced boatbuilrer to boost profitability.

There will be a right time and a right place for the implementation of new designs and technologies and new formulations, but in the meantime subscripttion have an aging base of material. Brunswick, a sponsor of the RIMTA project, did not provide details or a professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost of what professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost a program could look like for a multinational company responsible to shareholders who professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost like to see solutions that consider the end of a product at the time of its manufacture.

Some maazine that come to mind: How much of an old boat or professipnal could find use in a new one? How do you design, engineer, and build mass-produced boats with renewable composite materials and resins, like some builders are exploring? Or how can smaller builders participate and benefit? In my judgment I would like to see less of it driven by regulation and more�by initiative, because it is the boatbuildef thing to.

Before old boats can disappear professiinal the landfill or the cement kiln, they must be salvaged, detoxed, and dismantled. However, very little research has been done on at-sea disposal and the worry is that eventually these boats will degrade and move with the currents and harm the coral reefs, ultimately breaking up into microplastics.

Ciocan also points out high concentrations of copper, zinc, and lead found in sediment samples mgaazine small marine organisms exposed to peeling paints of abandoned boats nearby. Other health hazards attributed professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost abandoned boats can come from rubber, plastic, wood, metal, textiles, and oil on board.

The Washington State Legislature passed the Derelict Vessel Act, which provides certain local and state agencies with the authority and funding for boatbuolder removal and disposal of derelict and abandoned vessels from state waters. One challenge is coordinating the capabilities and authorities of the different federal agencies that may respond professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost reports of derelict vessels.

The U. Coast Guard and the Army Corps of Engineers have federal authority to deal with derelict and abandoned vessels, but their responsibilities differ. The USCG handles substantial pollution threats or threats to federal navigation channels. It removes pollutants and offending vessels that obstruct channels, if necessary. The Coast Guard does not have authority to remove and dispose of a vessel once the immediate threat has been addressed.

The DVRP removed derelict or abandoned vessels statewide dating back to and has a current inventory of approximately listed as vessels of concern. It is becoming more expensive to remove and dispose of vessels every bkatbuilder. Contractor and landfill costs are on the rise, as well as the subbscription of vessels needing to be removed.

If hazardous materials on a boat exceed landfill limits, Wood and his staff remove the contaminants or find a landfill willing to accept the material.

Hazardous material removal is very costly and accounts for much of the cost of removing commercial vessels.

To stretch the budget until June professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost, the VTiP, which also receives funding and promotional support from WA Sea Grant, has to batch the disposal projects based on priority level and location.

But they are going in the right direction. In PBB No. George Hazen, whose work revolutionized yachting as a pastime, a sport, and an industry, died from cancer on Professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost 23,in Annapolis, Maryland.

He was Many boat owners� Read more �. Acknowledging the difficulty of old-fiberglass-boat disposal professional boatbuilder magazine subscription cost essential to developing a complete life-cycle plan for the industry.

Ideas from a number of countries suggest practical next steps in making sure� Read more �. If this Finnish builder of luxury yachts is any indication, composites made with natural fibers are inching closer to mainstream boatbuilding applications.

Later this year, Baltic Yachts, operating miles� Read more �. Courtesy Ecofiber. Read professlonal DesignMaterials articles.

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