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Butyliodoheptane iv 1,4-Dibromobutene v 1-Bromosec. Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI? However, H 2 SO 4 is a strong oxidising agent and it oxidises HI formed during the reaction to I 2 which does not react with alcohol.
Write structures of different dihalogen derivatives of propane. Ans: Four isomers are possible. These are :. Among the isomeric alkanes of mdlecular formula C 5 H 12 , identify the one that on photochemical chlorination yields i A single monochloride. Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions: Ans:.
Arrange each set of compounds in order of increasing boiling points : i Bromomethane, bromoform, chloromethane, dibromomethane ii 1- Chloropropane, isopropylchloride, 1- chlorobutane.
In the present case, all the compounds contain only one carbon atom. The molecular size depends upon size of the halogen atom and also upon the number of halogen atoms present in different molecules. We all know that the branching of the carbon atom chain decreases the size of the isomer and this decreases its boiling point as compared to straight chain isomer.
Which alkyl halide from the following pairs would you expect to react more rapidly by an S N 2 mechanism? Explain your answer. Ans: In S N 2 mechanism, reactivity depends upon the steric hindrance around the C-atom carrying the halogen. Lesser the steric hindrance, faster the reaction. In the following pairs of halogen compounds, which compound undergoes faster S N 1 reaction? A hydrocarbon C 5 H 10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single monochloro compound C 5 H 9 Cl in bright sunlight.
Identify the hydrocarbon. Ans: The hydrocarbon with molecular formula C 5 H 10 can either a cycloalkane or an alkene.
Since the compound does not react with Cl 2 in the dark, therefore it cannot be an alkene but must be a cycloalkane. Since the cycloalkane reacts with Cl 2 in the presence of bright sunlight to give a single monochloro compound, C 5 H 9 Cl, therefore, all the ten hydrogen atoms of the cycloalkanes must be equivalent.
Thus, the cycloalkane is cyclopentane. Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds: i 2-ChIoromethylpentane ii p-Bromochlorobenzene iii l-Chloroethylcyclohexane iv 2r 2-Chlorophenyl iodooctane v 2-Bromobutane vi 4-tert-Butyliodoheptane vii 1-Bromosec-butylmethylbenzene viii 1,4-Dibromobutene Ans:. Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment? Since the dipole moment of latter resultant is expected to be smaller than the former, CHCl 3 has a finite dipole 1.
Thus, CH 2 CI 2 has highest dipole moment. A hydrocarbon C 5 H 10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single monochloro compound C 5 H 9 CI in bright sunlight. Ans: The hydrocarbon with molecular formula C 5 H, 0 can either a cycloalkane or an alkene. Write the isomers of the compound having formula C 4 H 9 Br. Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodoobutanefrom i 1-butanol ii 1-chlorobutane iii but-l-ene.
What are ambident nucleophiles? Explain with an example. Ans: Nucleophiles which can attack through two different sites are called ambident nucleophiles. For example, cyanide ion is a resonance hybrid of the following two structures: It can attack through carbon to form cyanide and through N to form is O cyanide. Which compound in each of the following-pairs. Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene: I 1-Bromo-l-methylcyclohexane ii 2-Chloromethylbutane.
How will you bring about the following conversions? I Ethanol to but-l-yne. Explain why i the dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride? Ans: i sp 2 -hybrid carbon in chlorobenzene is more electronegative than a sp 3 -hybrid carbon in cyclohexylchloride, due to greater s-character. Thus, C atom of chlorobenzene has less tendency to release electrons to Cl than carbon atom of cyclohexylchloride.
As a result, C � Cl bond in chlorobenzene is less polar than in cyclohexylchloride. Further, due to delocalization of lone pairs of electrons of the Cl atom over the benzene ring, C-Cl bond in chlorobenzene acquires some double bond character while the C � Cl in cyclohexy! In other words, C-Cl bond in chlorobenzene is shorter than in cyclohexyl chloride. Since dipole moment is a product of charge and distance, therefore, chlorobenzene has lower dipole moment than cyclohexylchloride due to lower magnitude of negative charge on the Cl atom and shorter C-Cl distance.
The molecules of H 2 O are hold together by H-bonds. Since the new forces of attraction between water and alkyl halide molecules are weaker than the forces of attraction already existing between alkyl halide � alkyl halide molecules and water-water molecules, thefefore, alkyl halides are immiscible not soluble in water. Alkyl halide are neither able to form H- bonds with water nor are able to break the H-bounding network of water. They react with moisture present in the apparatus to form alkanes Thus, Grignard reagents must be prepared under anhydrous conditions.
Give the uses of freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride, and iodoform. Ans: Iodoform: It was earlier used as an antiseptic but the antiseptic properties are due to the liberation of free iodine and not due to iodoform itself.
Due to its objectionable smell, it has been replaced by other formulations containing iodine. Carbon tetrachloride: Uses: i As an industrial solvent for oil, fats, resins etc. Freons: Freon CCl 2 F 2 is most common freons in industrial use. Uses: For aerosol propellants, refrigeration, and air conditioning purposes. Many species of insects developed resistance to DDT, it was also discovered to have a high toxicity towards fishes.
DDT is not metabolised very rapidly by animals, instead, it is deposited and stored in the fatty tissues. Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions: Ans:. Write the mechanism of the following reaction: Ans: KCN is a resonance hybrid of the following two contributing structures: Thus, CN � ion is an ambident nucleophile.
Since C � C bond is stronger than C � N bond, therefore, attack occurs through C to form n-butyl cyanide. Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards S N 2 displacement: i 2-Bromomethyibutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane. Ans: The S N 2 reactions reactivity depends upon steric hindrance. More the steric hindrance slower the reaction.
In S N 1 reactions, the reactivity depends upon the stability of carbocations. Delhi Ans: The three isomers are position isomers which differ in the relative positions of the chlorine atoms in the ring : As we know, p-isomer is more symmetrical as compared to the other isomers.
This means that in the crystal lattice, molecules of the p-isomers are more closely packed as compared to the other isomers. As a result, it has a higher melting point and lower solubility as compared to ortho and meta isomers. Haloarenes are less polar than haloalkanes and are insoluble in water.
This is because of lack of hydrogen bonding. As a result, the attractive forces in haloarenes�water system remain less than the attractive forces in H20 molecules which are hydrogen bonded.
Haloarenes are soluble in organic solvents of low polarity such as benzene, ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachioride etc. The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohols but in presence of alcoholic KOH, alkenes are major products.
Board , Haryana Board Answer: In aqueous medium i. They being a strong nucleophile, will bring about the substitution of alkyl halides to form alcohols. In other words, in aqueous medium, OH � ions will behave as weak base and elimination leading to alkenes will not be feasible.
When a is reacted with sodium metal it give compound d , C 8 H 18 which is different from the compound formed when n-butyl bromide is reacted with sodium. Give the Ncert Solutions For Class 10 Maths Ch 8 Ex 8.2 Youtube structural formula of a and write the equations for all the reactions. Ans: i There are two primary alkyl halides having the molecular formula, C 4 H 9 Br. Therefore, compound c is tert-butyl bromide which is an isomer of compound a ,i.
Thus a is isobutyl bromide, b is 2-methyl-1 -propane, c is tert-butylbromide, and d is 2,5-dimethylhexane. What happens when. Ans: These are : Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions: Ans: Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds: i 2-ChIoromethylpentane ii p-Bromochlorobenzene iii l-Chloroethylcyclohexane iv 2r 2-Chlorophenyl iodooctane v 2-Bromobutane vi 4-tert-Butyliodoheptane vii 1-Bromosec-butylmethylbenzene viii 1,4-Dibromobutene Ans: Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions: Ans: RD Sharma Class 12 Solutions.
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