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Notes of Ch 4 Agriculture| Class 10th Geography

When soil fertility decreases, they burn the remains on the land and move to a fresh patch of land. It is labour-intensive and requires high biochemical inputs. Commercial Farming - Commercial Framing uses high yielding varieties of seeds, chemical fertilizers, xlass and insecticides. Plantation - Plantation is a large tract of land with high capital investment where a single crop is grown.

The produce from a plantation is used mostly in industries. In India, there are three cropping seasons:. Rabi - The ncery season is winter from October to December.

The harvesting season is summer from April to June. Kharif - The sowing season for Kharif crop is the rainy season between April and May. The harvesting season is September and October.

Zaid - Zaid crops are grown in a short season between the Rabi and the Kharif season during March and July. The different food and non-food crops grown in Class 10th ncert geography chapter 4 notes to are:. Rice: The cultivation of rice, a Kharif crop requires high temperatures and high humidity.

India, after China, is the second-largest rice producer in the world. Rice is cultivated in the Gangetic plains of the north and the northeast fertile plains and the deltaic regions. Wheat: Wheat requires a cold season for growing and bright sunshine during its ripening.

It requires around 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall. Ro is a Rabi crop. It is grown mainly in class 10th ncert geography chapter 4 notes to Ganga-Satluj plains of the north-west and the class 10th ncert geography chapter 4 notes to soil region of the Deccan in India. It is a Kharif crop used as both food chqpter fodder. Alluvial soil is best suited for its growth. Pulses: Pulses form the major source of protein in a vegetarian diet.

India stands as the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world. They are grown in rotation with other crops as they are leguminous and restore the fertility of the soil. Millets: They are coarse grains with high nutritional value:. Jowar: Jowar is mostly a rain-fed crop. It is the third clasw important crop in the country after paddy and wheat with respect to class 10th ncert geography chapter 4 notes to coverage and production.

Bajra: Bajra is suited to grow on black soil. Ragi: Ragi is a dry region crop. It grows well on almost all kinds of soil including red, sandy black, loamy, and shallow black soils. Sugarcane: India stands second in producing sugarcane after Brazil.

It requires enormous manual labour as sowing to harvesting has to be done manually. It can be grown in any kind of soil. The primary oilseeds are mustard, groundnut, linseed, coconut.

Tea: Tea nvert introduced by the British in India. Cass is a labour-intensive industry located in the states of Assam, Darjeeling, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. Tea cultivation requires extremely well-drained soil, rich in organic matter. Coffee: The variety of coffee produced in India is Yemen and is in great demand notess over the world. Horticulture Crops: The country produces both tropic and temperate fruits. The major horticulture crops grown in the nation are mangoes, brinjal, potato, onion, cabbage, apples, guava, apricots and walnuts.

Rubber: Geograpy is an equatorial crop with a requirement of more than cm of rainfall. Fibres: Cotton, jute and hemp are fibres grown on soil and silk is reared from cocoons of the silkworm. Cotton is a Kharif crop well suited to growing on black soil. Jute grows well in well-drained alluvial soil. This sector needs certain reforms for betterment. The 10tth Revolution and the White Revolution were two hcapter reforms made to improve the agricultural sector of the country.

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research ICAR class 10th ncert geography chapter 4 notes to other agricultural institutions, horticulture development centres, meteorological departments, animal breeding centres, veterinary institutions were introduced aiming to improve agricultural conditions in the country. The age-old economic activity of Farming is practised throughout the country. Over chpter years the techniques of farming have been changed.

Newer methods have been developed with time for agricultural developments. Agriculture Class 10 PDF will also be beneficial for your examination ti.

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Farming various from subsistence to commercial type. At present in different parts of India. Major crops grown in India are rice, wheat, millets, pulses, tea, coffee, sugarcane, oil seeds. Cotton and jute, etc. Geography-Agriculture class 10 Notes. Important Notes. Agriculture is an age-old economic activity is our country but over these year, cultivation methods have changed with the use of modern techniques.

Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type. At present, in different parts of India these types of farming systems are practised. It depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and availability of other environmental conditions suitable to the crops grown.

Features of primitive subsistence agriculture in India are :. Intensive subsistence farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.

This type of farming is practised in areas of high population. Under this type of farming, high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.

Commercial Farming in which farmers grow crops with the aim of selling the products for commercial purpose. The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs, e. Plantation is a type of commercial farming.

In this farming a single crop is grown on large area. It is practised on large tracts of land, using capital intensive inputs, with the help of migrant labourers. Plantation Agriculture : Plantation agriculture is a form of commercial farming where crops are grown for profit.

In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area. Hence, large land areas are needed for this type of agriculture. This type of commercial farming is practised in tropical and sub-tropical regions.

It was introduced by the British in India. Cropping Season: Season in which some particular crops are grown. India has three cropping season� rabi, kharif and zaid. Rabi crops: These crops are grown in winter between October to December and harvested in summer between April to June.

The rabi crops include wheat, barley, gram and oilseeds. Kharif crops: These crops are sown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and harvested in September-October. The kharif crops include rice, maize, millet, cotton, jute, groundnut, moong, urad, etc. Rice is a kharif crop. Conditions required for the growth of rice are as follows:. Zaid crops: In between the Rabi and the Kharif seasons, there is a short season during the summer months known as the Zaid season.

Crops like watermelons, muskmelons, cucumber, some vegetables and fodder crops are the major crops of this season. Major crops grown in India are rice, wheat, millets, pulses, tea, coffee, sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton, jute, etc. Rice is the staple food crop of the majority of people in India.

India is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China. Wheat is the second most important cereal crop. It is the main food crop in north and northwestern part of the country.

Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India. Maize is a crop which is used both as food and fodder. It grows well in old alluvial soil. It grows well in old alluvial soils. Maize is a crop which is used both as food and fodder. In some states like Bihar, maize is grown in rabi season also. Maize production in India has increased due to factors like�use of modem inputs such as HYV seeds; use of fertilisers; and use of irrigation facilities.

India is the second largest producer of sugarcane after Brazil. Geographical conditions: It is a tropical as well as subtropical crop. It grows well in hot and humid climate. Annual rainfall between 75 cm and cms. Irrigation is required in the regions of low rainfall. It can be grown on a variety of soils. It needs manual labour from sowing to harvesting.

Sugarcane is the main source of sugar, gur jaggery , khandsari and molasses. Oilseeds: India is the largest producer of oil seeds in the world.

Six major oilseeds produced in India�Groundnut, mustard, coconut, sesamum til , soyabean, castor-seeds, linseed, sunflower and cotton-seeds. Most of these oilseeds are edible and are used as cooking mediums. Some are also used as raw material in the production of soap, cosmetics and ointments.

Tea Geographical conditions: It grows well in tropical and subtropical climates. It requires deep, fertile, well drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter. It requires warm and moist frost free climate round the year. Frequent showers evenly distributed through the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves. Tea is a labour intensive industry. It requires abundant, cheap and skilled labour. Cotton is mainly produced in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.

Cotton is the fibre crop which is mainly grown in the black soil of the Deccan Plateau region. Jute is mainly grown in West Bengal, especially in the Hoogly Basin because there the geographical conditions favour its growth. These conditions are�. Jute products are �gunny bags, ropes, mats, carpets, yams and other ornamental artifacts.

Conditions: It requires hot and humid climate. Rainfall� cms.

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