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NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Science: Ch 2 Acids, Bases and Salts

Going through the step-wise solutions for every question too is highly important to bag a good score. Also in this article, you will find the Step-wise explanation for each and every question. Going through them will help you in mcert a better understanding of how to solve problems. Question 1 You have been provided with three test tubes. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution, respectively.

If you are given only red litmus paper, how will you identify the contents of each test tube? Answer: i Put the red litmus paper clasa all the test tubes, turn by turn. The solution which turns red litmus to blue will be a basic solution. The blue litmus paper formed here can now be used to test the acidic solution. The solution which turns the blue litmus paper to red will be the acidic solution.

Question 1 Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels? Answer: Curd and sour substances should not be kept in brass and copper vessels because these and other sour food-stuffs contain acids which can react with the metal of the vessel to form poisonous metal compounds which can cause food poisoning and affect our chemistrry adversely.

Question 2 Which gas Ncert Solutions Of Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 2 Answer is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? Illustrate with an example. How will you test for the presence of this gas? Answer: i Hydrogen H 2 gas is liberated when an acid reacts with a metal. Take some zinc granules in the test tube.

Add about 5 mL dilute hydrochloric acid slowly. Soon the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid starts and hydrogen gas is evolved. When passed through soap solution, it gets trapped into bubbles.

Bring a burning candle near the soap bubble filled with gas. The soap bubble bursts and hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound. Question 3 Metal compound A reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence.

Cemistry gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction if one of the compounds formed is calcium chloride. Answer: As the end product is calcium chapfer and the gas formed is carbon dioxide, the metal compound A must be calcium carbonate. Therefore, the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is.

Question 1 Why do Class 10th ncert chemistry chapter 2 ii, HNO 3etc show acidic characters in aqueous solutions while solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character?

HCl, HNO 3. Therefore, alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character. Question 2 Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity?

Answer: The aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity due to the presence of charged particles called ions in it. Question 3 Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper?

Question 4 While diluting an acid, why is class 10th ncert chemistry chapter 2 ii recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid? Answer: While diluting an acid it is recommended that the acid should be added to water and class 10th ncert chemistry chapter 2 ii iii to the chaptwr because if water is added to concentrated acid to dilute it, then a large amount of heat is evolved at.

Answer: When a given amount of an acid is added to water, there is a fixed number of hydronium ions per volume of the solution. On dilution, the number of hydronium ions per volume decreases and concentration decreases.

Question 6 How is the concentration of hydroxide ions OH � affected when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide? Answer: The concentration of hydroxide ions will increase when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide, but it class 10th ncert chemistry chapter 2 ii to a limited extent only after which the concentration chemostry almost constant.

Question 1 You have two solutions A and B. The pH of chmeistry A is 6 and pH of solution B is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration? Which of this is acidic and which one is basic? Answer: A pH value of less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, while greater than 7 indicates a basic solution. Since solution A has more chapted ion concentration, solution A is acidic and solution B is basic. If yes, then why are these basic?

But these are far less in number than Class 10th ncert chemistry chapter 2 ii � ions that is responsible for their basic nature. Question 4 Under what soil clsas do you think a farmer would treat the soil of his fields with quick lime calcium oxide or slaked lime calcium hydroxide or chalk calcium carbonate?

Answer: If the soil is too acidic having low pH then it is treated with materials like quick lime calcium oxide or slaked lime calcium hydroxide or chalk calcium carbonate. Question 1 What is the common name of the compound CaOCl 2? Answer: Bleaching powder. Question 2 Name the substance which on treatment with class 10th ncert chemistry chapter 2 ii yields bleaching powder. Answer: Slaked lime Ca OH 2. Question 3 Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.

Answer: Sodium carbonate. Question 4 Cbapter will happen if a solution of sodium 10fh carbonate is heated. Give the equation of the reaction involved? Answer: Solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate on heating gives sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide gas is evolved.

Question 5 Write an equation to show the reaction between plaster chxpter Paris chater water. Question 1 A solution turns red litmus ncerrt, its pH is likely necrt be a 1 b 4 c 5 d 10 Answer: d Question 2 A solution reacts with crushed-egg shells to give a gas that turns lime water milky. Question 4 Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion? Question 6 Compounds such as alcohol and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids.

Describe an activity to prove class 10th ncert chemistry chapter 2 ii. The bulb does not glow in this case. This shows that alcohols and glucose are not acids.

Question 7 Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rainwater does? Answer: Distilled water does not conduct electricity because it does not contain any ionic compound class 10th ncert chemistry chapter 2 ii acids, bases or salts dissolved in it.

Rainwater, while falling to the earth through the chapetr, dissolves an acidic gas carbon dioxide from the air and forms carbonic acid H 2 CO 3. Hence, due to the presence of carbonic acid which provides ions to rainwater, the rainwater conducts electricity. Question 8 Hcapter do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence class 10th ncert chemistry chapter 2 ii water?

The acid produces hydrogen ions only in the presence of chemixtry. So in the absence of water, an acid will not form hydrogen class 10th ncert chemistry chapter 2 ii and hence will 10tg show its acidic behaviour. Which solution is a Chemistey b Strongly alkaline c Strongly acidic d Weakly acidic e Weakly alkaline Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 10 Equal lengths of class 10th ncert chemistry chapter 2 ii ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. In which test tube will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why?

Answer: Fizzing will occur more vigorously in test tube A. Being strong acid, the hydrochloric acid solution contains a much greater amount of hydrogen ions in it due to which the 10tn will occur more vigorously in test tube Nccert containing hydrochloric acid. The fizzing is due to the evolution of hydrogen gas which is formed by the chmistry of acid on the magnesium metal of magnesium ribbon.

Question 11 chemmistry milk has a pH of 6. How do you chemistty the pH will change as it turns into curd? Explain your answer. Answer: pH of milk falls below 6 as it turns into curd due to the formation of lactic acid during this process.

Lactic acid present in it reduces its pH value. Question 12 A milkman adds class 10th ncert chemistry chapter 2 ii very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.

Answer: a Milk is made slightly alkaline so that it may not get sour easily due to the formation of lactic acid ncerrt it. Question 13 Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container. Explain why? Answer: Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container because the presence of moisture can cause slow setting of plaster chater Paris by bringing about its hydration.

This will make the plaster of Paris useless after. Question 14 What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples. Answer: Chapetr reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water is called a neutralisation reaction. Question 15 Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.

Answer: Uses of washing soda : i Washing soda is used in glass, soap and paper industries. Uses of baking soda : i Baking soda is used as an antacid in medicines to remove acidity of the stomach. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution respectively. Solution: The contents of each test tube would be identified by change in colour of red litmus paper.

For example, when we wet the red litmus paper with the basic cnapter, it changes into blue colour.

Final:

If they pierce in a citation of weleft with a initial cold snap that was in between December tenth as well as twelfth, we need to wait for the bit longer. Does which help? In actualityrubbish recycling.

The pH of solution A is 6 and pH of solution B is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration? Which of this is acidic and which one is basic? Answer: A pH value of less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, while greater than 7 indicates a basic solution. Since solution A has more hydrogen ion concentration, solution A is acidic and solution B is basic. If yes, then why are these basic? But these are far less in number than OH � ions that is responsible for their basic nature.

Question 4 Under what soil condition do you think a farmer would treat the soil of his fields with quick lime calcium oxide or slaked lime calcium hydroxide or chalk calcium carbonate?

Answer: If the soil is too acidic having low pH then it is treated with materials like quick lime calcium oxide or slaked lime calcium hydroxide or chalk calcium carbonate. Question 1 What is the common name of the compound CaOCl 2?

Answer: Bleaching powder. Question 2 Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder. Answer: Slaked lime Ca OH 2. Question 3 Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water. Answer: Sodium carbonate. Question 4 What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated. Give the equation of the reaction involved? Answer: Solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate on heating gives sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide gas is evolved.

Question 5 Write an equation to show the reaction between plaster of Paris and water. Question 1 A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be a 1 b 4 c 5 d 10 Answer: d Question 2 A solution reacts with crushed-egg shells to give a gas that turns lime water milky. Question 4 Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion?

Question 6 Compounds such as alcohol and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an activity to prove it. The bulb does not glow in this case also. This shows that alcohols and glucose are not acids.

Question 7 Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rainwater does? Answer: Distilled water does not conduct electricity because it does not contain any ionic compound like acids, bases or salts dissolved in it. Rainwater, while falling to the earth through the atmosphere, dissolves an acidic gas carbon dioxide from the air and forms carbonic acid H 2 CO 3.

Hence, due to the presence of carbonic acid which provides ions to rainwater, the rainwater conducts electricity. Question 8 Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water? The acid produces hydrogen ions only in the presence of water.

So in the absence of water, an acid will not form hydrogen ions and hence will not show its acidic behaviour. Which solution is a Neutral b Strongly alkaline c Strongly acidic d Weakly acidic e Weakly alkaline Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 10 Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. In which test tube will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why?

Answer: Fizzing will occur more vigorously in test tube A. Being strong acid, the hydrochloric acid solution contains a much greater amount of hydrogen ions in it due to which the fizzing will occur more vigorously in test tube A containing hydrochloric acid.

The fizzing is due to the evolution of hydrogen gas which is formed by the action of acid on the magnesium metal of magnesium ribbon. Question 11 fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd? Explain your answer. Answer: pH of milk falls below 6 as it turns into curd due to the formation of lactic acid during this process.

Lactic acid present in it reduces its pH value. Question 12 A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk. Answer: a Milk is made slightly alkaline so that it may not get sour easily due to the formation of lactic acid in it. Question 13 Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container. Explain why? Answer: Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container because the presence of moisture can cause slow setting of plaster of Paris by bringing about its hydration.

This will make the plaster of Paris useless after sometime. Question 14 What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples. Answer: The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water is called a neutralisation reaction. Question 15 Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda. Answer: Uses of washing soda : i Washing soda is used in glass, soap and paper industries.

Uses of baking soda : i Baking soda is used as an antacid in medicines to remove acidity of the stomach. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution respectively. Solution: The contents of each test tube would be identified by change in colour of red litmus paper.

For example, when we wet the red litmus paper with the basic solution, it changes into blue colour. Put the changed blue litmus paper in the solution which turns the blue to red will be the acidic solution.

The solution, which has no effect on any litmus paper, will be neutral and hence it will be distilled water. Question 2 Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?

Solution: Curd and other sour foodstuffs contain acids, which can react with the metal of the vessel to form poisonous metal compounds which can cause food poisoning and damage our health. Question 3 Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal?

Solution: When an acid reacts with metal, a salt and hydrogen gas is formed. Question 4 Metal compound A reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence. Solution: The gas that extinguishes a burning candle is carbon dioxide, which is formed by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on a metal carbonate and produces effervescence. Now, since one of the compounds formed is calcium chloride, it shows that the metal compound is calcium carbonate.

Thus, the metal compound A is calcium carbonate CaCO 3. Calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water. This can be written as:. The compounds such as glucose and alcohol also contain hydrogen but they do not show acidic character. Question 6 Why does an aqueous solution of acid conduct electricity? Solution: The aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity due to the presence of charged particles called ions in it.

Question 7 Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper? Solution: Dry HCl gas does not contain any hydrogen ions in it, so it does not show acidic behaviour.

Question 8 While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid? Solution: Diluting an acid should be done by adding concentrated acid to water gradually with stirring and not by adding water to concentrated acid. The heat is evolved gradually when a concentrated acid is added to water for diluting an acid and the large amount of water is easily absorbed.

If, however, water is added to concentrated acid to dilute it, a large amount of heat is evolved at once. The heat generated may cause the mixture to splash the acid on our face or clothes and cause acid burns.

Question 10 How is the concentration of hydroxide ions OH- affected when excess base is dissolved in water? Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light and electricity. Question 13 What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Answer: In displacement reactions, a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its solution.

In double displacement reactions, two reactants in solution exchange their ions. Question 14 In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved. Question 15 What do you mean by a precipitation reaction?

Explain by giving examples. Answer: A reaction in which an insoluble solid called precipitate is formed that separates from the solution is called a precipitation reaction. Question 16 Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each: a Oxidation and b Reduction. Answer: a Oxidation : The addition of oxygen to a substance is called oxidation.

The black coloured compound is copper oxide CuO. The reaction involved is. Question 18 Why do we apply paint on iron articles? Answer: Paint does not allow iron articles to come in contact with air, water and saves iron articles from damage due to rusting.

Question 19 Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Answer: To keep food items fresh and save from getting oxidised, food items are flushed with nitrogen. Question 20 Explain the following terms with one example each a Corrosion, b Rancidity.

Answer: a Corrosion : It is the process in which metals are eaten up gradually by the action of air, moisture or a chemical such as an acid on their surface.

Example : When iron is exposed to moist air for a long period of time, its surface acquires a coating of a brown, flaky substance called rust. Rancidity spoils the food materials prepared in fats and oils which have been kept for a considerable time and makes them unfit for eating.

Rancidity can be prevented by adding anti-oxidants to foods containing fats and oils. It can also be prevented by flushing fat and oil containing foods with nitrogen before sealing.

Question 1 Which of the given statements about the reaction below are incorrect? Lead is getting reduced b. Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised c. Carbon is getting oxidised d. Lead oxide is getting reduced i a and b ii a and c iii a , b and c iv all Solution: i a and b.

Question 2 The above reaction is an example of a i. Combination reaction ii. Double displacement reaction iii. Decomposition reaction iv. Displacement reaction Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 1 Question Solution: iv Displacement reaction. Question 3 What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron fillings? Tick the correct answer. Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced b. Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced c.

No reaction takes place d Iron salt and water are produced Solution: Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced. Solution: An equation for a chemical reaction is an equation in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge is the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on both sides of the reaction.

Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia b. Hydrogen sulfide gas burns in air to give water and sulfur dioxide c. Barium chloride reacts with Aluminium sulfate to give Aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate d.

Potassium metal reacts with water to give a potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas Solution: a. Question 6 Balance the following chemical equations. Question 8 Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type of reaction of each case.

Solution: a. Question 9 What is meant by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Solution: An exothermic reaction is one that releases heat.

If 1 mole of N 2 molecule reacts with 1 mole of O 2 molecule, the heat of KJ has to be supplied to initiate the reaction to give 1 mole of NO molecule.

This means that the bonds between N � N and O � O are so strong that they do not break easily. N 2 has triple covalent bond between the two N atoms. O 2 has a double covalent bond. Thus energy has to be put into the reaction to break the strong bonds. Thus the above reaction is a good example of an endothermic reaction. Solution: During respiration, glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body to form carbon dioxide and water along with the production of energy.

Write equations for decomposition reactions. Solution: Essentially, decomposition reactions are the opposite of combination reactions. A compound decomposes i. Most decomposition reactions are endothermic. Another example of decomposition reaction is the heating of calcium carbonate sea shells, chalk :. Question 12 Write one equation each for decomposition reactions in which energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity?

Solution: When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give calcium oxide and carbon dioxide:. Write relevant equations for the above? Solution: The difference between the displacement and double displacement reactions is that in a displacement reaction one element displaces another by virtue of it being more reactive whereas in a double displacement two anions and two cations switch places between two compounds respectively.

Thus Zn displaces Cu in the salt form. Zn is more reactive than Cu. Question 14 In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involves displacement by copper metal. Explain by giving examples: Solution: A precipitation reaction is a reaction in which soluble ions in separate solutions are mixed together to form an insoluble compound that settles out of solution as a solid.

This insoluble compound is called a precipitate. An example of a precipitation reaction Aqueous silver nitrate AgNO3 , when added to a solution containing potassium chloride KCl , precipitates a white solid, and silver chloride is observed. Solution: The shiny brown colored element X is copper metal Cu. When copper metal is heated in air, it forms a black colored compound copper oxide.

So, the black colored compound is the copper oxide or copper II oxide, CuO. Question 17 Why do we apply paint on iron articles? Solution: Rust is a soft and porous substance, which gradually falls from the surface of an iron object, and then the iron below starts rusting.

Class 10th science chapter 2 is part of unit 1, Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviours. This chapter portrays acid and base reactions and depicts how acid and base generally cancel out each other. Acid, base and salt class 10 includes topics such as How do Acids and Bases react with each other or metals, Reaction of acid with Hydrogen carbonates and Metallic oxides, Reaction of bases with oxides, etc.

In addition to this, the Class 10th Science Chapter 2 includes various interactive activities and interesting topics such as similarities between acid and base and acid or base in a water solution to make the learning process straightforward and easy to understand. This chapter will also help students learn about salts, their nature, pH, the chemicals that are derived from salt, and the nature and characteristics of salt crystals.

All the aforementioned information is thoroughly explained through step by step process in the Ch 2 Science Class 10 Solutions that are designed by India's expert Science teachers to help you in understanding the meaning of basic concepts of acids, bases, and salts class 10 towards performing well in examinations as well as their relation to interesting things that we observe in our daily life.

The Acid, base and salt class 10 is one of the most important chapters as it provides you maximum chances to score high marks in your exams. The unit consisting of the chapter comes for a weightage of 33 marks and the chapter itself for 5 marks in the examination. Through the Class 10 Science Chapter 2 solutions, you will be able to solve questions based on this chapter easily and strengthen the basic concepts of the subject chemistry.

Following are the main headings that are covered under Chapter 2 Science Class 10 acids bases and salts:. Understanding the properties of bases and acids. How do acids and bases respond with metals? How metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates respond with acids? How do acids and bases respond with one another? The response of metallic oxides with acids.

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