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What, if anything, do their atoms have in common? Answer: a Lithium, sodium and potassium all belong to the same group. The atoms of lithium, sodium and potassium all have only one electron in their outermost shells and all of these are metals.
All of these react with water to form alkalies. Helium has its first shell completely filled, while neon has its first and second shells K and L completely filled. Question 5 In the modern periodic table, which are the metals among the first ten elements?
Answer: The first ten elements in modern periodic table are hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon. Out of these, lithium, beryllium and boron are metals, because they have 1, 2 and 3 electrons respectively in their outermost shells. Question 6 By considering their position in the Periodic Table, which one of the following elements would you expect to have maximum metallic characteristics? In the periodic table, the elements placed on the left show maximum metallic characteristics.
Since beryllium occupies the most left position in comparison to other elements, hence it shows maximum metallic characteristics.
Question 1 Which of the following statements is not a correct statement about the trends wlien going from left to right across the periods of Periodic Table. Answer: c The atoms lose their. Question 2 Element X forms a chloride with the formula XCl 2 , which is solid with a high melting point. Question 3 Which element has a two shells, both of which are completely filled with electrons? Question 4 a What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table as boron have in common?
Answer: a Elements in the same column or group as boron have valency of three and have three valence electrons. Question 5 An atom has electronic configuration 2, 8, 7. Atomic numbers are given in parentheses. Question 6 The positions of three elements A, B and C in the periodic table are shown below : a State whether A is a metal or non-metal. Answer: a Since the valency of group 17 elements is 1 and all these elements accept electrons, thus A is a non-metal.
Question 7 Nitrogen atomic number 7 and phosphorus atomic number 15 belong to group 15 of the periodic table. Write the electronic configuration of these two elements. Which of these will be more electronegative? In a group of the periodic table, electron attracting tendency decreases as we move from top to bottom. Question 8 How does the electronic configuration of an atom relate to its position in the Modern Periodic Table? Answer: Modern periodic table is based on the atomic number and atomic number is directly related to the electronic configuration.
One can find the group number and period number of an element on the basis of electronic configuration. For example, if an element has 1 or 2 electrons in its outermost shell, then it would belong to group 1 or group 2. And if it has 3 or more electrons in its outermost shell, then it would belong to group 10 4- the number of electrons in the outermost shell. All the alkali metals have one electron in their outermost shell, so they are placed in group 1. Thus, all the group 2 elements have 2 electrons in their outermost shell.
In group 15 elements, there are 5 electrons in their outermost shell. Similarly, the number of shells in an element indicates its period number. For example, the atomic number of magnesium is 12 and its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 2. Thus it is an element of 3rd period. Question 9 In the Modern Periodic Table, calcium atomic number 20 is surrounded by elements with atomic number 12, 19, 21 and Which of these have physical and chemical properties resembling calcium?
Periodic classification of elements: Needs for classification, Modern Periodic table, gradation in properties, valency, atomic number, metallic and non-metallic properties.
Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science. Solution: All the known elements could not be arranged in the form of triads. Take the example of F, Cl and Br. Atomic mass of Cl is not an arithmetic mean of atomic masses of F and Br. Solution: It was not valid for elements that had atomic masses higher than Ca. When more elements were discovered, such as elements from the noble gases such as He, Ne, Ar, they could not be accommodated in his table.
Question 5 Besides gallium, which other elements have been left by Mendeleev in his periodic table, since the time they were discovered? Any two Solution: Scandium and Germanium. Question 6 What were the criteria used by Mendeleev in creating his periodic table? Solution: He observed the relationship between the atomic masses of the elements and their physical properties.
Among chemical properties, he concentrated on the compounds formed by elements with oxygen and hydrogen. Question 7 Why do you think, the noble gases are placed in a separate group?
Solution: Due to its inert and low concentration in our atmosphere, they could be placed in a new group without disturbing the existing order. For example, Position of isotopes: All the isotopes of an element have the same number of protons, so their atomic number is also the same. Since all the isotopes of an element have the same atomic number, they can be put at one place in the same group of the periodic table.
Question 9 Name two elements, which you would expect to show chemical reactions similar to magnesium. Solution: Calcium and Beryllium are the elements that will show chemical reactions similar to magnesium.
This is because beryllium and calcium belong to the same group of periodic table as magnesium. All of them have similar electronic configurations with 2 valence electrons each.
Question 10 Name: a. Three elements that have a single electron in their outermost shell. Two elements that have two electrons in their outermost shell. Three elements with filled outermost shell. Solution: a. Three elements that have a single electron in their outermost shell are: 1. Lithium 2. Sodium 3. Potassium b. Two elements that have two electrons in their outermost shell are: 1.
Magnesium 2. Calcium c. Three elements with filled outermost shell are: 1. Argon 2. Helium 3. Question 11 a. Lithium, sodium, potassium are metals that react with water to liberate hydrogen. Helium is an unreactive gas and neon is a gas of extremely low reactivity. What, if anything, do their atoms have in common Solution: a. These elements are alkali metals and they have 1 valence electron in their outermost shell and are therefore very unstable and reactive.
These elements each have full outermost subshell, which results in high stability. They only react with other elements in extreme circumstances, the trait for which they are named. Question 12 In the Modern periodic table, which are the metals among the first ten elements?
Solution: The metals are Lithium and Beryllium. These can be used for making toys, buckets, telephone apparatus, television cabinets etc. Thermosetting plastics: These are normally semifluid substances with low molecular masses. When heated, they become hard and infusible due to the cross-linking between the polymer chains. As a result, they also become three dimensional in nature. They do not melt when heated. A few common thermosetting polymers are bakelite, melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and polyurethane etc.
How can you differentiate between addition and condensation polymerisatiop? Ans: In addition polymerization, the molecules of the same or different monomers simply add on to one another leading to the formation of a macromolecules without elimination of small molecules like H 2 O, NH 3 etc. Addition polymerization generally occurs among molecules containing double and triple bonds. For example, formation of polythene from ethene and neoprene from chloroprene, etc. In condensation polymerisation, two or more bifunctional trifimctional molecules undergo a series of independent condensation reactions usually with the elimination of simple molecules like water, alcohol, ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen chloride to form a macromolecule.
For example, nylon-6,6 is a condensation polymer of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid formed by elimination of water molecules. Explain the term copolymerisation and give two examples. Ans: When two or more different monomers are allowed to polymerise together the product formed is called a copolymer, and the process in called copolymerisation. Example, Buna-S and Buna-N. Buna- S is a copolymer of 1, 3- butadiene and styrene while Buna-N is a copolymer of 1,3-butadiene and acrylonitrile.
Write the free radical mechanism for the polymerisation of ethene. Define thermoplastics and thermo setting polymers with two examples of each Ans: Thermoplastics polymers are linear polymer which can be repeatedly melted and moulded again and again on heating without any change in chemical composition and mechanical strength.
Examples are polythene and polypropylene. Thermosetting polymers, on the other hand, are permanently setting polymers. Once on heating in a mould, they get hardened and set, and then cannot be softened again. This hardening on heating is due to cross- linking between different polymeric chains to give a three dimensional network solid. Examples are bakelite, melamine-foimaldehyde polymer etc. Write the monomers used for gettingThe following polymers: i Polyvinylchloride ii Teflon iii Bakelite Ans:.
Write the name and structure of one of the common initiators used in free radical addition polymerisation. How does the presence of double bonds in rubber molecules influence their structure and reactivity? Ans: Natural rubber is cis-polyisoprene and is obtained by 1, 4-polymerization of isoprene units. In this polymer, double bonds are located between C 2 and C 3 of each isoprene unit.
These cis-double bonds do not allow the polymer chains to come closer for effective interactions and hence intermolecular forces are quite weak. As a result, natural rubber, i. Discuss the main purpose of vulcanisation of rubber.
Calcium Ca and Strontium Sr are expected to show chemical reactions similar to magnesium Mg. This is because the number of valence electrons 2 is same in all these three elements. And since chemical properties are due to valence electrons, they show same chemical reactions. Concept Insight: The students should remember that elements belonging to same group have same number of valence electrons and hence similar chemical properties. Concept Insight: The students must learn the names of first 20 elements of the Modern Periodic Table along with their atomic number.
The students should also be able to recall the Bohr Bury's rules for distribution of Ncert Solutions Of Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 2 Note electrons. Nitrogen is more electronegative than phosphorus. On moving down a group, the number of shell increases.
Therefore, the valence electrons move away from the nucleus and the effective nuclear charge decreases. This causes the decrease in the tendency to attract electron and hence electronegativity decreases. Concept insight: Recall that electronegativity of an element depends on its ability to gain electrons to complete their octet configuration.
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Yes No. Choose Subjects. Choose Chapters. Only one triad of Dobereiner's triads exists in the columns of Newland's octaves. The triad formed by the elements Li, Na, and K of Dobereiner's triads also occurred in the columns of Newlands' octaves.
Limitations of Newland's law of octaves: i It was not applicable throughout the arrangements. It was applicable up to calcium only. Concept Insight: The students should remember the demerits of Dobereiner's, Newland's as well as Mendeleev's classification. Concept insight: Recall that Mendeleev was able to predict the properties of 3 unknown elements which he had named as eka-boron, eka-aluminium and eka-silicon.
Eka-boron was later named as scandium, eka-aluminium as gallium and eka-silicon as germanium. The atoms of all the three elements lithium, sodium, and potassium have one electron in their outermost shell. Helium has a duplet in its K shell, while neon has an octet in its L shell. Concept Insight: The students must learn the names of first 20 elements of the modern periodic table along with their atomic number.
Among the first ten elements, lithium Li and beryllium Be are metals. Concept Insight: The key to answering this question lies in fact that metals are present ususally on the left hand side of the Modern periodic table whereas non-metals are present on the right hand side of the Modern Periodic Table. Galium Ga Concept Insight: The key to answering this question lies in fact that metals are present ususally on the left hand side of the Modern periodic table whereas non-metals are present on the right hand side of the Modern Periodic Table.
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