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Selected filters. Del34 wrote a review Aug Quebec, Canada 62 contributions 18 helpful votes. Also, western carrinean stops where less interesting then the eastern ones according to me. Had a perfect inside cabin bought with a beverage package �. Read more. SouthernBelle wrote a review Jul New Orleans, Louisiana contributions helpful votes. Everything was pretty much perfect.

Except the food, which was good but not outstanding. The pool deck is slippery. The entertainment is excellent Cypress, California 89 contributions 82 helpful votes. A good trip aside from the excursions. I sailed on the Getaway out of New Orleans and it was a good trip. The food was good at the specialty restaurants and the ship was fun.

The ship and cabin were good. This rating is based upon the excursions and that I expected NCL to do better relative to the excursions that they contracted for and sell! The ports visited left a lot to be desired! In the two Mexico ports the people were constantly, I mean non-stop chatter, about how great they were and why you should be tipping them. In Cancun, I went to a beach and snorkel trip. The local Mexican organizers demanded that we walk single file down the beach to the chairs.

They demanded that we wait for then to take pictures of everyone to try to sell you late. Then came the overbearing sales pitches. I went diving in Honduras.

A: Most hotels are prepared to take your Antigen test with lab personnel that will comply with the CDC requirements. For more information, we suggest you call your hotel and verify. Q: How much is a Covid test in Playa del Carmen? A: Many hotels are offering up to two complimentary rapid antigen covid tests to their guests.

Make sure to check with your hotel for Covid test prices. Q: How long before I get the results for my Covid test? A: Usually, if you take a rapid or antigen covid test, you get your results the same day, even within 40 minutes. Check the test result's time with your Hotel's concierge or correspondent authorities.

Q: Do children need to get tested for Covid? A: Yes. The CDC requires children of 2 or more years of age must get tested prior to departure. Q: What happens if I test positive? A: The Mexico Tourism Industry is setting everything up to be as easy as possible so you can relax and enjoy your trip.

Travelers who test positive will have to remain in Playa del Carmen, in quarantine for 14 days. Hotels and resorts will offer special accommodations Several for FREE and discounted rates for guests who need to quarantine. If you want more information, we suggest you contact your hotel directly.

The Biden Administration is working with Mexico to make this process easy and painless for you. In an area with a population of more than , Playa del Carmen currently has 73 active cases of COVID that are in quarantine or being treated, and people have recovered since the COVID pandemic began, according to the health department statistics.

Visit Official Source Here. Q: Is it safe to visit Playa del Carmen right now with the Coronavirus? A: While nowhere is completely free of coronavirus in this day and age, infection rates are low compared to the US, and all businesses must be certified by the health authorities as having met strict health protocols before being allowed to reopen.

Playa del Carmen is taking your health and safety very seriously. Or on the airplane? A: As in other countries right now including the U. However you won't need to wear a mask if you are in a private area where social distancing is available, such as at your hotel, at the beach, on a guided tour or excursion, or while dining at a restaurant.

The staff will wear masks and gloves, including cleaners and restaurant workers, to keep you as safe and healthy as possible. You will want to Buy Masks and Hand Sanitizer to bring with you on your trip, but these will also be provided for you at your hotel or other locations if you forget them in your hotel room.

The idea is to keep everyone as safe as possible, while at the same time not detracting from your vacation experience and making sure you have a great time. Q: Will there be hand sanitizer available? A: Yes, all businesses are required to provide hand sanitizer and you will have it in your hotel room. However, we still recommend you bring your own to use along the way, which you can buy online from shops like Sustainable Travel Store , ZSkin or Germproof.

Q: Are there other things I should think to bring with me? A: Other than the usual things like a hat, sunglasses, swimwear, Biodegradable Sunscreen or After-Sun Lotion , you may want to consider boosting your immune system with a product like Airborne or Germ-Proof or with Vitamins , but as long as you bring hand sanitizer you should have all the precautions you need.

If you will be doing water activities we always recommend to bring a Rash Guard or Wet-Shirt to protect you from the sun and protect the environment, and you may wish to bring your own Snorkeling Gear , though it will be provided for you fully sanitized on our tours if you don't.

It is open to international and domestic flights, airlines are gradually reopening and already accepting reservations. Q: Are your Airport Transfers running?

We've implemented strict sanitary measures on all airport transfers for your safety. Book them in advance, so that we can prepare for your arrival. Q: Does the US have travel restrictions for international travel? A: Not to Mexico. Airlines have been flying between the US and Mexico continuously. There is a restriction on land border crossings through September 28th, but this does not affect air travel.

Q: Will I need to wear a mask at the airport? A: You should plan to wear a mask at the airport, and on the flight, since these are public places where limited social distancing is available. You will want to Buy a Mask and a travel-size bottle of Hand Sanitizer to bring with you on your trip. Q: Will they be testing at the airport? A: When you arrive you will be quickly screened for symptoms. If you don't show symptoms, you will continue on to your Airport Transfer as normal.

If you do show symptoms, you may be asked to undergo an extra screening which may include a rapid test just to make sure you are not contagious. If it is positive, you will receive guidance from a medical professional as to how to proceed. Q: Will I need to quarantine?

A: Mexico has no requirements for quarantine on arrival or departure. If the unlikely event that you are symptomatic and test positive, you may be asked to self-quarantine at home or at your hotel. You can check with your airline to see if your home country has any requirements. Q: What can I do to make sure I don't have any issues on my trip? A: To make your travel go as smoothly as possible, we recommend you do a self-check for symptoms a day or two before you go to the airport, and also before you leave for your flight.

If you have symptoms, go to the doctor and get tested. That way if you're positive, you can reschedule your trip and stay safe at home, and if you're negative you can bring your certificate with you on your trip.

You will be screened for symptoms upon arrival, but it is very unlikely that you would develop symptoms in a few hours while on the flight, so this will make sure you don't have any issues and can go on about Boat Excursion Cancun 125 enjoying your vacation. Q: Are hotels in Playa del Carmen open right now? A: Certified hotels are already operating under the new sanitary protocols. Around 64 hotels in Cancun and Playa del Carmen are already welcoming guests.

The rest of hotels will gradually start reopening and accepting reservations. Another initiative to further promote tourism is a special 2-for-1 promotion in stays in Hotels. Bennett is credited with the invention of trimix breathing gas as a method to eliminate high pressure nervous syndrome. In , at the Duke University Medical Center , Bennett conducted an experiment called Atlantis III , which involved subjecting volunteers to a pressure of fsw equivalent to a depth of m in seawater , and slowly decompressing them to atmospheric pressure over a period of plus days, setting an early world record for depth-equivalent in the process.

A later experiment, Atlantis IV , encountered problems as one of the volunteers experienced euphoric hallucinations and hypomania. Saturation diving has applications in scientific diving and commercial offshore diving. Commercial offshore diving, sometimes shortened to just offshore diving, is a branch of commercial diving , with divers working in support of the exploration and production sector of the oil and gas industry in places such as the Gulf of Mexico in the United States, the North Sea in the United Kingdom and Norway, and along the coast of Brazil.

The work in this area of the industry includes maintenance of oil platforms and the building of underwater structures. In this context " offshore " implies that the diving work is done outside of national boundaries. Saturation diving is standard practice for bottom work at many of the deeper offshore sites, and allows more effective use of the diver's time while reducing the risk of decompression sickness.

Underwater habitats are underwater structures in which people can live for extended periods and carry out most of the basic human functions of a hour day, such as working, resting, eating, attending to personal hygiene, and sleeping. In this context ' habitat ' is generally used in a narrow sense to mean the interior and immediate exterior of the structure and its fixtures, but not its surrounding marine environment. Most early underwater habitats lacked regenerative systems for air, water, food, electricity, and other resources.

However, recently some new underwater habitats allow for these resources to be delivered using pipes, or generated within the habitat, rather than manually delivered. An underwater habitat has to meet the needs of human physiology and provide suitable environmental conditions, and the one which is most critical is breathing air of suitable quality. Others concern the physical environment pressure , temperature , light , humidity , the chemical environment drinking water, food, waste products , toxins and the biological environment hazardous sea creatures, microorganisms , marine fungi.

Much of the science covering underwater habitats and their technology designed to meet human requirements is shared with diving , diving bells , submersible vehicles and submarines , and spacecraft. Numerous underwater habitats have been designed, built and used around the world since the early s, either by private individuals or by government agencies.

They have been used almost exclusively for research and exploration , but in recent years at least one underwater habitat has been provided for recreation and tourism. Research has been devoted particularly to the physiological processes and limits of breathing gases under pressure, for aquanaut and astronaut training, as well as for research on marine ecosystems.

Access to and from the exterior is generally vertically through a hole in the bottom of the structure called a moon pool. The habitat may include a decompression chamber, or personnel transfer to the surface may be via a closed diving bell.

Saturation diving work in support of the offshore oil and gas industries is usually contract based. Decompression sickness DCS is a potentially fatal condition caused by bubbles of inert gas, which can occur in divers' bodies as a consequence of the pressure reduction as they ascend.

To prevent decompression sickness, divers have to limit their rate of ascent, to reduce the concentration of dissolved gases in their body sufficiently to avoid bubble formation and growth. This protocol, known as decompression , can last for several hours for dives in excess of 50 metres ft when divers spend more than a few minutes at these depths.

The longer divers remain at depth, the more inert gas is absorbed into their body tissues, and the time required for decompression increases rapidly. However, after somewhere around 72 hours under any given pressure, depending on the ingassing model used, divers' bodies become saturated with inert gas, and no further uptake occurs. From that point onward, no increase in decompression time is necessary.

The practice of saturation diving takes advantage of this by providing a means for divers to remain at depth pressure for days or weeks. At the end of that period, divers need to carry out a single saturation decompression, which is much more efficient and a lower risk than making multiple short dives, each of which requires a lengthy decompression time.

By making the single decompression slower and longer, in the controlled conditions and relative comfort of the saturation habitat or decompression chamber, the risk of decompression sickness during the single exposure is further reduced. High pressure nervous syndrome HPNS is a neurological and physiological diving disorder that results when a diver descends below about feet m while breathing a helium�oxygen mixture.

The effects depend on the rate of descent and the depth. Compression arthralgia is a deep aching pain in the joints caused by exposure to high ambient pressure at a relatively high rate of compression, experienced by underwater divers.

The pain may occur in the knees, shoulders, fingers, back, hips, neck or ribs, and may be sudden and intense in onset and may be accompanied by a feeling of roughness in the joints. Intensity increases with depth and may be aggravated by exercise. Compression arthralgia is generally a problem of deep diving, particularly deep saturation diving, where at sufficient depth even slow compression may produce symptoms.

The use of trimix can reduce the symptoms. Compression arthralgia may be easily distinguished from decompression sickness as it is starts during descent, is present before starting decompression, and resolves with decreasing pressure, the opposite of decompression sickness. The pain may be sufficiently severe to limit the diver's capacity for work, and may also limit the depth of downward excursions.

Saturation diving or more precisely, long term exposure to high pressure is associated with aseptic bone necrosis , although it is not yet known if all divers are affected or only especially sensitive ones. The joints are most vulnerable to osteonecrosis. The connection between high-pressure exposure, decompression procedure and osteonecrosis is not fully understood. A breathing gas mixture of oxygen, helium and hydrogen was developed for use at extreme depths to reduce the effects of high pressure on the central nervous system.

Between and , a team of divers from Duke University in North Carolina conducted the Atlantis series of on-shore- hyperbaric-chamber -deep-scientific-test-dives. A hydrogen�helium�oxygen hydreliox gas mixture was used during a similar on shore scientific test dive by three divers involved in an experiment for the French Comex S.

On 18 November , Comex decided to stop the experiment at an equivalent of meters of sea water msw fsw because the divers were suffering from insomnia and fatigue. All three divers wanted to push on but the company decided to decompress the chamber to msw fsw. On 20 November , Comex diver Theo Mavrostomos was given the go-ahead to continue but spent only two hours at msw fsw.

Comex had planned for the divers to spend four and a half days at this depth and carry out tasks. There is some evidence of long term cumulative reduction in lung function in saturation divers. Saturation divers are frequently troubled by superficial infections such as skin rashes , otitis externa and athlete's foot , which occur during and after saturation exposures.

This is thought to be a consequence of raised partial pressure of oxygen, and relatively high temperatures and humidity in the accommodation. Dysbaric osteonecrosis is considered a consequence of decompression injury rather than living under saturation conditions.

Saturation diving allows professional divers to live and work at pressures greater than 50 msw fsw for days or weeks at a time, though lower pressures have been used for scientific work from underwater habitats.

This type of diving allows for greater economy of work and enhanced safety for the divers. The diving team is compressed to the working pressure only once, at the beginning of the work period, and decompressed to surface pressure once, after the entire work period of days or weeks. Excursions to greater depths require decompression when returning to storage depth, and excursions to shallower depths are also limited by decompression obligations to avoid decompression sickness during the excursion.

Increased use of underwater remotely operated vehicles ROVs and autonomous underwater vehicles AUVs for routine or planned tasks means that saturation dives are becoming less common, though complicated underwater tasks requiring complex manual actions remain the preserve of the deep-sea saturation diver.

A saturation diving team requires at the minimum the following personnel: [26]. In some jurisdictions there will also be a diving medical practitioner on standby, but not necessarily on site, and some companies may require a diving medical technician on site.

The actual personnel actively engaged in aspects of the operation are usually more than the minimum. Compression to storage depth is generally at a limited rate [27] to minimize the risk of HPNS and compression arthralgia.

Norwegian standards specifies a maximum compression rate of 1 msw per minute, and a rest period at storage depth after compression and before diving. Storage depth, also known as living depth, is the pressure in the accommodation sections of the saturation habitat�the ambient pressure under which the saturation divers live when not engaged in lock-out activity.

Any change in storage depth involves a compression or a decompression, both of which are stressful to the occupants, and therefore dive planning should minimize the need for changes of living depth and excursion exposures, and storage depth should be as close as practicable to the working depth, taking into account all relevant safety considerations.

The hyperbaric atmosphere in the accommodation chambers and the bell are controlled to ensure that the risk of long term adverse effects on the divers is acceptably low.

Most saturation diving is done on heliox mixtures, with partial pressure of oxygen in accommodation areas kept around 0. Carbon dioxide is removed from the chamber gas by recycling it through scrubber cartridges. The levels are generally limited to a maximum of 0.

Most of the balance is helium, with a small amount of nitrogen and trace residuals from the air in the system before compression. Bell operations and lockouts may also be done at between 0. In emergencies a partial pressure of 0. Carbon dioxide can also be tolerated at higher levels for limited periods.

US Navy limit is 0. Nitrogen partial pressure starts at 0. Deployment of divers from a surface saturation complex requires the diver to be transferred under pressure from the accommodation area to the underwater workplace. This is generally done by using a closed diving bell , also known as a Personnel Transfer Capsule, which is clamped to the lock flange of the accommodation transfer chamber and the pressure equalized with the accommodation transfer chamber for transfer to the bell.

The lock doors can then be opened for the divers to enter the bell. The divers will suit up before entering the bell and complete the pre-dive checks. The pressure in the bell will be adjusted to suit the depth at which the divers will lock out while the bell is being lowered, so that the pressure change can be slow without unduly delaying operations.

The bell is deployed over the side of the vessel or platform using a gantry or A-frame or through a moon pool. Deployment usually starts by lowering the clump weight, which is a large ballast weight suspended from a cable which runs down one side from the gantry, through a set of sheaves on the weight, and up the other side back to the gantry, where it is fastened. The weight hangs freely between the two parts of the cable, and due to its weight, hangs horizontally and keeps the cable under tension.

The bell hangs between the parts of the cable, and has a fairlead on each side which slides along the cable as it is lowered or lifted. The bell hangs from a cable attached to the top. As the bell is lowered, the fairleads guide it down the clump weight cables to the workplace. The bell umbilical is separate from the divers' umbilicals, which are connected on the inside of the bell. The bell umbilical is deployed from a large drum or umbilical basket and care is taken to keep the tension in the umbilical low but sufficient to remain near vertical in use and to roll up neatly during recovery.

A device called a bell cursor may be used to guide and control the motion of the bell through the air and the splash zone near the surface, where waves can move the bell significantly. Once the bell is at the correct depth, the final adjustments to pressure are made and after final checks, the supervisor instructs the working diver s to lock out of the bell.

The hatch is at the bottom of the bell and can only be opened if the pressure inside is balanced with the ambient water pressure. The bellman tends the working diver's umbilical through the hatch during the dive. If the diver experiences a problem and needs assistance, the bellman will exit the bell and follow the diver's umbilical to the diver and render whatever help is necessary and possible.

Each diver carries back-mounted bailout gas, which should be sufficient to allow a safe return to the bell in the event of an umbilical gas supply failure. Breathing gas is supplied to the divers from the surface through the bell umbilical. If this system fails, the bell carries an on-board gas supply which is plumbed into the bell gas panel and can be switched by operating the relevant valves.

On-board gas is generally carried externally in several storage cylinders of 50 litres capacity or larger, connected through pressure regulators to the gas panel. Helium is a very effective heat transfer material, and divers may lose heat rapidly if the surrounding water is cold. To prevent hypothermia, hot-water suits are commonly used for saturation diving, and the breathing gas supply may be heated.

Heated water is produced at the surface and piped to the bell through a hot-water line in the bell umbilical, then is transferred to the divers through their excursion umbilicals. In some cases the breathing gas is recovered to save the expensive helium. This is done through a reclaim hose in the umbilicals, which ducts exhaled gas exhausted through a reclaim valve on the helmet, through the umbilicals and back to the surface, where the carbon dioxide is scrubbed and the Boat Excursions Cancun 300 gas boosted into storage cylinders for later use.

It is quite common for saturation divers to need to work over a range of depths while the saturation system can only maintain one or two storage depths at any given time.

A change of depth from storage depth is known as an excursion, and divers can make excursions within limits without incurring a decompression obligation, just as there are no-decompression limits for surface oriented diving.

Excursions may be upward or downward from the storage depth, and the allowed depth change may be the same in both directions, or sometimes slightly less upward than downward. Excursion limits are generally based on a 6 to 8 hour time limit, as this is the standard time limit for a diving shift.

These bubbles remain small due to the relatively small pressure ratio between storage and excursion pressure, and are generally resolved by the time the diver is back on shift, and residual bubbles do not accumulate over sequential shifts. However, any residual bubbles pose a risk of growth if decompression is started before they are fully eliminated.

Once all the tissue compartments have reached saturation for a given pressure and breathing mixture, continued exposure will not increase the gas loading of the tissues. From this point onward the required decompression remains the same. If divers work and live at pressure for a long period, and are decompressed only at the end of the period, the risks associated with decompression are limited to this single exposure.

This principle has led to the practice of saturation diving, and as there is only one decompression, and it is done in the relative safety and comfort of a saturation habitat, the decompression is done on a very conservative profile, minimising the risk of bubble formation, growth and the consequent injury to tissues.

A consequence of these procedures is that saturation divers are more likely to suffer decompression sickness symptoms in the slowest tissues, whereas bounce divers are more likely to develop bubbles in faster tissues. Decompression from a saturation dive is a slow process.

The rate of decompression typically ranges between 3 and 6 fsw 0. The US Navy Heliox saturation decompression rates require a partial pressure of oxygen to be maintained at between 0.

For practicality the decompression is done in increments of 1 fsw at a rate not exceeding 1 fsw per minute, followed by a stop, with the average complying with the table ascent rate. Decompression is done for 16 hours in 24, with the remaining 8 hours split into two rest periods. A further adaptation generally made to the schedule is to stop at 4 fsw for the time that it would theoretically take to complete the decompression at the specified rate, i.

This is done to avoid the possibility of losing the door seal at a low pressure differential and losing the last hour or so of slow decompression. Neither the excursions nor the decompression procedures currently in use have been found to cause decompression problems in isolation. However, there appears to be significantly higher risk when excursions are followed by decompression before non-symptomatic bubbles resulting from excursions have totally resolved.

Starting decompression while bubbles are present appears to be the significant factor in many cases of otherwise unexpected decompression sickness during routine saturation decompression.

The "saturation system", "saturation complex" or "saturation spread" typically comprises either an underwater habitat or a surface complex made up of a living chamber, transfer chamber and submersible decompression chamber , [32] which is commonly referred to in commercial diving and military diving as the diving bell , [33] PTC personnel transfer capsule or SDC submersible decompression chamber.

To facilitate transportation of the components, it is standard practice to construct the components as units based on the intermodal container system, some of which may be stackable to save deck space. The entire system is managed from a control room "van" , where depth, chamber atmosphere and other system parameters are monitored and controlled.

The diving bell is the elevator or lift that transfers divers from the system to the work site. Typically, it is mated to the system utilizing a removable clamp and is separated from the system tankage bulkhead by a trunking space, a kind of tunnel, through which the divers transfer to and from the bell.

At the completion of work or a mission, the saturation diving team is decompressed gradually back to atmospheric pressure by the slow venting of system pressure, at an average of 15 metres 49 ft to 30 metres 98 ft per day schedules vary. Thus the process involves only one ascent, thereby mitigating the time-consuming and comparatively risky process of in-water, staged decompression normally associated with non-saturation mixed gas diving or sur-D O 2 operations.

An extra chamber can be fitted to transfer personnel into and out of the system while under pressure and to treat divers for decompression sickness if this should be necessary. The divers use surface supplied umbilical diving equipment, utilizing deep diving breathing gas , such as helium and oxygen mixtures, stored in large capacity, high pressure cylinders.

The bell is fed via a large, multi-part umbilical that supplies breathing gas, electricity, communications and hot water. The bell also is fitted with exterior mounted breathing gas cylinders for emergency use. While in the water the divers will often use a hot water suit to protect against the cold.

A closed diving bell , also known as personnel transfer capsule or submersible decompression chamber, is used to transport divers between the workplace and the accommodations chambers. The bell is a cylindrical or spherical pressure vessel with a hatch at the bottom, and may mate with the surface transfer chamber at the bottom hatch or at a side door.

Bells are usually designed to carry two or three divers, one of whom, the bellman , stays inside the bell at the bottom and is stand-by diver to the working divers. Each diver is supplied by an umbilical from inside the bell. The bell has a set of high pressure gas storage cylinders mounted on the outside containing on-board reserve breathing gas. The on-board gas and main gas supply are distributed from the bell gas panel, which is controlled by the bellman.

The bell may have viewports and external lights. The bell is deployed from a gantry or A-frame , also known as a bell launch and recovery system LARS , [26] : ch. Deployment may be over the side or through a moon pool. It is a wet surface chamber where divers prepare for a dive and strip off and clean their gear after return.

Connection to the bell may be overhead, through the bottom hatch of the bell, or lateral, through a side door. The accommodation chambers may be as small as square feet.

It is usually possible to isolate each compartment from the others using internal pressure doors. A recompression chamber may be included in the system so that divers can be given treatment for decompression sickness without inconveniencing the rest of the occupants.

The recompression chamber may also be used as an entry lock, and to decompress occupants who may need to leave before scheduled. One or more of the external doors may be provided with a mating flange or collar to suit a portable or transportable chamber, which can be used to evacuate a diver under pressure.

The closed bell can be used for this purpose, but lighter and more easily portable chambers are also available. A small lock used for transfer of supplies into and out of the pressurized system. This would normally include food, medical supplies, clothing, bedding etc. The pressurised compartments of the system are connected through access trunking: relatively short and small diameter spools bolted between the external flanges of the larger compartments, with pressure seals, forming passageways between the chambers, which can be isolated by pressure doors.

The life support system provides breathing gas and other services to support life for the personnel under pressure. It includes the following components: [34].

The life support system for the bell provides and monitors the main supply of breathing gas, and the control station monitors the deployment and communications with the divers.

Primary gas supply, power and communications to the bell are through a bell umbilical, made up from a number of hoses and electrical cables twisted together and deployed as a unit. The accommodation life support system maintains the chamber environment within the acceptable range for health and comfort of the occupants.

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