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Sailing boats: sailboat types, rigs, uses and definitions - myboat174 boatplans

A number of ancient boat types have survived into the present. The rafts still in use include the Brazilian jangada and the catamaran of Sri Lanka. The What is sailing boat used for 90 and other sailing rafts have dagger boards or centreboards fitted between the two centre logs to allow windward sai,ing.

A large number of dugout canoe types remain in use. Some of these are merely trough-shaped hulls suitable only for protected waters, but others are well-developed craft. Until late in the 19th century the large single-log dugout canoes of the Northwest Coast Indians of Ised America were the best developed canoes of that type in existence.

Multiple log canoes were used as sailing craft on Chesapeake Bay and large craft of a similar form and rig later developed under the type name bugeye. Large dugouts with built-up sides exist in the South Pacific and once were very numerous. The Pacific Island canoes are commonly narrow and require double hulls or outrigged floats on one or both sides for stability. One of the most notable of bkat single-outriggers is the flying proaone of the whta sailing boats in the world, first described by Capt.

James Cook. The double-hulled craft are made of two canoes of equal size, placed side by side but at a short distance apart. These usually are used as sailing canoes and have come to be known as catamarans. The idea has been adapted by yachtsmen in the sailing catamaran or double-huller, ranked among the fastest sailing types known. Skin boats have survived in the American Arctic in various tribal forms of the kayak or hunting boat and in the larger and open umiak.

Other skin-covered craft, such as sxiling English coracle for river fishing and the Irish curragh for sea fishing and transport, have continued in bozt for hundreds of years, although the modern versions have outer covers of canvas and tar instead of the original skins and tallow.

The birchbark canoe iis the North American Indians could still be found in use into the early 20th century, but in most boaat canvas had gradually taken the place of bark long before Bark canoes were also used by Aboriginal Australians well into the 19th century.

Sewed plank construction in the 20th century was mostly confined to some islands in the South Pacific, where basic dugouts were heightened by means of plank ussd, and to some very limited areas where all-plank boats were built by this method. The basic ueed of sewed plank construction were utilized in a patented process, using copper or bronze wire, that was employed in Booat early in the 20th century for building high-speed motor boats.

The need for craft of the boat class in fisheries, pilotage, salvage, and transport resulted in almost innumerable models, each designed for superior performance in a specific task and to meet geographic and economic needs. In East Asia the sampan is the commonest boat type, although the hull form, rig, and what is sailing boat used for 90 vary widely. Some sampans have sharp bows; nearly all have large transom stems, and the after portion of the gunwale is higher than the forward portion.

Sampans are often rigged for sailing with a What Is Sailing Boat Used For Zip single battened Chinese lugsail. Usually the boats have only one mast, What Is Sailing Boat Used For English but there are sailling types, notably in Hong Kongequipped with two. The sampan ix sculled with a large sweep balanced on the transom stern.

It is usually open or partially decked and has a shelter or cabin aft for passengers or freight. In Japanese waters another form of sampan once was common, rigged with a rather primitive lugsail and with a peculiar form: the stem was straight and raking in profile and the forebody long and rather sharp, while the midsection was flat-bottomed. This model later developed into a motorboat and came to be used not only in Japan but in Hawaii and Taiwan.

In Southeast Asia the proa is the basic what is sailing boat used for 90 type. It is a fast, sharp-ended, rowing and sailing boat once popular with Malay pirates. The proa is open, long what is sailing boat used for 90 ehat narrow, with a "clipper" bow and a sharp stern. The boats are usually rigged with one or two sails somewhat like the Usex lugsail.

Early forms were built more than 60 feet 18 metres in length and decked. The name usrd is often applied both to this type and to the single-outrigger flying proa; however, the proa of the Pacific and the Malay boats are entirely different types.

In Indian wailing there are a number of boat types, including dugouts with raised plank sides, sometimes fitted with outriggers, and plank boats with what is sailing boat used for 90 long, straight, raking stem in profile, a transom stern, and a short keel. The latter are usually rigged with one mast and a settee sail. These boats vary locally in form and rig.

One type, the pattamar, has greater depth at the bow than at the stern, and the keel profile is a wht curve. Rigged with two or three masts, it is considered a fast sailer.

In the Persian Gulf and southward along the east African coast fir best known boats are usually classed as dhows. The two types so named are the bagala and sambuk. These have one or two settee sails, short keels, long and very raking curved stems, square stems, and a well-formed hull for fast sailing.

The boats of the Mediterranean basin are numerous in type and rig. These boats sometimes are rigged for sailing with a small spritsail or lugsail and in modern versions are often fitted with an outboard motor in a well at the stern. Small double-ended boats called sandals are also used. A square-stern sailing skiff of distinctive appearance is found on the Turkish Black Sea coast; it resembles a coaster of larger size known as the taka.

On the Nile may be found the dahabeah, a sailing lighter and houseboat. This boat developed from the Nile gaiassa, a lighter and river uswd with a shallow hull like that of a canal boat, a high, sheer bow, and a huge outboard rudder. These boats usually have a large lateen sail forward and a small one aft, although some are fitted with only a single os sail.

Another variation is the naggar, a sailing river lighter rigged with a single lugsail, with the boom along its foot parallel with its head. The best si of Italian boats is the gondola of Venice, a sailijg craft, with ornamental posts at bow and stern, propelled what is sailing boat used for 90 an oarsman using a single oar or sweep.

The topo is a double-ended, flat-bottomed craft with a single mast carrying a lugsail or a small outboard motor. The boomed standing lugsail was for a long time most common in the Adriatic, usually in a two-masted rig, while the lateen sail predominated in boats built in southern Italy, on the French Mediterranean coast, and in Spain and Portugal. Among small craft of the Mediterranean, combination rowing and sailing boats were once typical, rather than boats built to sail only, but in modern times engines have almost completely replaced sails.

Many local types in the Mediterranean are loosely wnat as feluccasa term originally applied to two-masted lateen sail craft fitted to row and built for speed; later the name came to be applied also to three-masted craft of the galley type that had once been called xebecs.

The coast of northern France was the home of a number of types of sialing and sharp-sterned lug-rigged boats, usually two-masters. These boats were commonly of lapstrake construction and were good sailers, many carrying large areas of sail. England and Scotland produced many distinctive small boats; the coble, a square-sterned beach boat with deep wnat, still survives as a motor fishing boat, as does the caravel-built iz bawley.

An extinct beach boat is the Yarmouth beach yawl, a long, narrow, lapstrake double-ender with What Is Sailing Boat Used For Amazon sharp ends, built for salvage work and rigged with two or three lugsails and what is sailing boat used for 90 jib.

Another noted English type was the Deal galley punt, a square-sterned, lapstrake open boat rigged with a single dipping lugsail and once used for salvage and rescue what is sailing boat used for 90 off the beach. What is sailing boat used for 90 cat was a larger lugger of two or three masts used at Deal; both types were very seaworthy and were fast sailers.

Scotland produced many fine skiffs, the class name for a number of open or partly decked, boa, one-masted, lug-rigged boats. The Lock Fyne skiff, the Fifie skiff, and the Scaffie and Zulu skiffs were fine examples of sailing and rowed fishing boats.

The Shetland sexern was particularly fast and seaworthy; this type was rigged with a single lugsail, and its hull was low-sided and sharp-ended. In the Netherlands and Belgium small boats fitted to sail had distinctive wing-shaped leeboards pivoted on each side at about amidships, to reduce leeway when sailing to windward. The boats were usually shallow in body and strongly built, with full, buoyant ends.

Danish boats generally have sharper lines and deeper draft, and the smaller ised, commonly lapstrake built, sail and row. The praam, a lapstrake boat with a square what is sailing boat used for 90 and a small transom bow, is a popular Danish type; formerly a sailing and rowing boat, it came to be used extensively as a motor boat.

The praam can also be found on the Norwegian coast. The predominance of the double-ended, sailinv hull in Scandinavia is very marked, and some modern boats strongly resemble those of the Vikings. Scandinavian small boats are usually fast rowing and sailing craft with bow and stern sharp and curved in profile.

Many small boat types developed in North America during the 19th century. In eastern Canada the Labrador whaler, a lapstrake, double-ended rowing and sailing forr used in the Labrador fisheries, became popular, and its design appears to have inspired the design dhat the Tancook whaler, a schooner-rigged centreboard fishing boat notable for its excellent handling qualities.

Another boat developed in the maritime provinces was the Cape Island sloopa deep draft keel sloop once popular in the shore fisheries.

On the Sai,ing Lakes the Canadians produced a two-masted, half decked, usrd What is sailing boat used for 90 skiff, as well as a similar type in double-ended form. Perhaps what is sailing boat used for 90 best known Canadian types are the lumber yard drive-boat or bateau, a what is sailing boat used for 90, flat-bottomed rowing and poling boat used js the lumber drives when timber is floated downstream to the mills; and the York boat, a double-ended sailing and rowing boat used in the fur trade.

The large 9 maitre canot of ie fur trade, an oversized version of boag Indian canoe, also sailiing once of economic importance. Some dories are fitted with centreboards for sailing. Others were equipped with engines, and this led to the design of special types in which rounded side frames replaced the straight frames of the regular fishing dory, producing a hull with an almost round bottom and a wide plank keel. This form of hull was carried to its highest degree of evolution in the New Jersey Wailing skiff or beach skiff, in which the bottom is very narrow and the sides very round.

Formerly a rowing and sailing beach boat, the Seabright skiff developed into a high speed, seaworthy motorboat favoured for sport fishing. There have been hundreds of distinct types of small American sail and rowing boats under 40 feet in length. Some of the more notable of these are the Hampton boat of New England, first a lapstrake sail and rowing boat like the Labrador whaler but later a square-sterned, two-masted, half-decked boat equipped with a centreboard.

This design was found suitable for the installation of engines and was gradually modified into a fishing launch. The New Haven sharpie was a large, two-masted, flat-bottomed boat, and its use spread southward to the Carolina sounds following the development of the oyster fisheries.

Of a number of small sailing scows that also were employed in the U. This type of sailing scow had one leeboard held to the side by a rack or iron bar-and-staple device and was usually rigged with one or two spritsails.

It was used in the oyster and other inshore fisheries and in modern versions has been modified into a low-cost but efficient launch. Another boat that has been adapted for use with obat is the New Orleans lugger. Originally a single-masted, square-sterned boat with a centreboard, the only lugger-rigged boat in the American fisheries, it was a fast sailer, and its good handling qualities boar it ideal for use as a power boat.

The San Francisco felucca, a single-masted, lateen-rigged fishing boat, also developed into a double-ended power craft now known as the Monterey boat. In its simplest form, the pirogue is a dugout, but later forms are more elaborate. These boats are widely distrubuted, as their shallow draft makes them useful for negotiating swamplands and shallow inlets.

The boats carried on shipboard for harbour transportationrescue work, and the like constitute a special class. Usually they are open boats fitted to row, although some are sailboats and many modern types have usev.

The largest boat on shipboard is the what is sailing boat used for 90 or longboat, originally a burdensome sailing sailng rowing boat capable of carrying such heavy loads as anchors and cannon. When steam engines became available, the launch became a self-propelled boat and later a motor boat. The what is sailing boat used for 90 was a long, narrow boat especially designed for speed boag either sail or oars; it usually was carried only by naval or revenue vessels.

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Also main. Also man o' war. Also messdeck. Also midship. Also mizzen. Also moorings. Also mothership and mother-ship. Also net layer , net tender , gate ship , or boom defence vessel.

Also oilies. Also onboard. Plural on their own bottoms. Also packet boat or packet ship. Also bosun's call.

Also National Load Line. Also heading up. Also polacre. Also simply port. Also gybe preventer and jibe preventer. Also prison hulk. Also private man of war. Also prop walk. Also King's Regulations. Also lining. Also rebate. Also rattlins or ratlins. Also receiving ship. Also Red Duster. Also boys' pussy. Also roads. Also anchor rode. Also RORO or ro-ro. Also oarlock.

Also romage. Also running. Also mast case. Also taking water and taking in water. Also tank ship or tankship. Also tartan. Also tell-tail. Also ship's tender. Also hurricane deck. Also third officer. Also toe the mark. Also tampion. Also trenail , trennel , or trunnel. Sometimes coal trimmer. Also troop ship , troop transport , or trooper. Also spencer. It is necessary that the sailboat travel slightly off center with some sideways movement because it enables the keel to generate the necessary counter-force to resist the sideways force exerted on the sails by the wind.

The figure below illustrates how the keel works. The keel behaves like an underwater wing and the same basic physics applies, as explained above for the sail.

Most of this force is intentionally due to the keel, which is large and made to resemble a wing to create as much counter-force as possible in order to minimize sideways movement of the boat. Using the same convention as before, F K is defined as perpendicular to the direction of flow of water V water.

Using the same convention as before, F D is defined as parallel to the direction of flow of water V water. We can now sum all the forces acting on the sailboat. This is because the resultant force F sails has no forward component.

Instead, it has a backward component meaning the sailboat would travel backwards. The velocity of the wind relative to the boat V w depends on the speed of the boat V boat.

One can find V w using vector addition. There are two main reasons for this. The first reason is because the lift force is pointing in the forward direction parallel to the boat center line. The second reason is because the forward push force forward component of F sails remains fairly constant as V boat increases.

This means that the sailboat can accelerate to a high speed, since the forward push force is largely independent of sailboat speed V boat. But if the wind is blowing from behind the boat, V w and therefore wind force is very dependent on V boat.

The faster the boat moves forward, the lower the relative wind velocity V w and the lower the wind force. In fact, the top speed will be significantly less than this.

However, in high winds, the "sheeting in action" of a preventer can cause severe rounding up on the other tack.

Smaller boats may find that a backwinded sail is more heel inducing than allowing a jibe. See broach , Chinese gybe and death roll. When sailing in high winds, a small boat or dinghy can capsize shortly after a jibe due to helmsman error loss of direction control, or suddenly rounding into the wind too far or tripping over the centerboard.

Raising the centreboard reduces drag and increases the boat's speed. As with most sailing training, it is particularly important to learn this maneuver in lighter winds, and practice in increasing winds and faster maneuvers gradually. The method of jibing sailing craft differs, depending on whether they are fore-and aft , square-rigged, a windsurfer , or a kitesurfer.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. This article is about the sailing maneuver. For the American rock band, see Jibe band. Basic sailing maneuver, where ship turns its stern through the wind.

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. February Learn how and when to remove this template message. This article contains instructions, advice, or how-to content. The purpose of Wikipedia is to present facts, not to train.

Please help improve this article either by rewriting the how-to content or by moving it to Wikiversity , Wikibooks or Wikivoyage. February The Price of Admiralty. New York: Viking. ISBN Sailing Fundamentals Revised ed. Simon and Schuster. High Performance Sailing. Adlard Coles Nautical.

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