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On Oct. The log pierced the hull, creating a gash 2-feet wide and 8-feet long. The "North Alabama" was steamboat in the north immediately and sank. None of the crew were injured and it's believed there were no passengers on board. Everything that could be salvaged from the boat was brought to shore soon after the sinking. Engine parts, pipes, and whatever cargo was still intact. So much was removed from the ruins that years later, there was virtually steamboat in the north way to positively identify the boat as the "North Alabama.

Some steamboats sank in the Missouri river between andwhen steamboat traffic gave way to railroads and steambpat. Most of the boats sank after striking snags, which were occasionally visible but just as oftern submerged. Some snags actually moved up and down with the ih current, which meant that a snag could rise up in a path that appeared to be safe just moments. The remains of the "North Alabama" are usually submerged beneath several feet of water but when river levels are low, the skeleton of the hull can be seen above the water's surface.

This happened in and again in the s, after which the wreck was largely forgotten. Low water levels in once again brought the wreck of the "North Alabama" into view and stramboat boat was essentially re-discovered. During this activity, your students will learn about the sinking of the Steambaot North Alabama on the Missouri River in They will also create a tape resist art piece using positive and negative space.

Cowman was a member of the team that set out to positively identify the ruins as those of the "North Alabama. And of course, the topic is the North Alabama.

Steamboat in the north I think a good place to steamboat in the north is probably just what happened to that boat? So the North Alabama was pretty commonly used to haul cargo and it operated often in the upper structures of the Missouri river.

On this particular day, it was hauling winter supplies up to the army fort in the upper part of the steambooat, so it was destined up into the, basically, the more central parts of Dakota territory is where it was headed. It was taking winter supplies. Generally, that would be nkrth foodstuffs like vegetables, flour, things like that to a couple of the forts in the upper part of Dakota territory.

And as it was just upstream from the Vermilion area around what is now Goat Island, it was making a crossing from the Dakota shore to the Nebraska shore, and about yards from the Nebraska shore it hit a snag. And a snag is basically generally a cottonwood tree that has eroded into the river and the crown of the tree often gets stuck in the river bed and buried in the sand. The trunk of the tree will generally flip over and point about 45 degrees downstream.

So these snags are particularly dangerous for boats traveling up river because they will tend to spear the hull of the boat. And that's exactly what happened to the North Alabama, was it hit this snag, this large cottonwood tree, that was lurking just below the surface of the water and it ripped a large gash in the hull. Reports are that the tthe was about two-foot wide by eight-foot long.

So it immediately began taking on water and it sunk in about 30 minutes. Now, when you say it that it sunk, the water is not all sreamboat awfully deep right. Steamboat in the north was able to get off the boat, no doubt, and can you describe to steamboat in the north, did they immediately begin a salvage operation? So we don't know exactly how deep the water was at that spot in when the boat sunk, but you're right.

Generally, there are a few deep spots, but just a lot of shallow spots in the river. The river in that area is a good three-quarters of a mile wide and the majority of that probably would have been sandbars.

They would have norty tracking the thalweg, or the main channel, to try to stay in deep water. But again, the main channel can vary anywhere from five feet deep to 25 feet deep, and in that area, I suspect it was fairly shallow because that's always been, at least steamboat in the north the last couple hundred years, an area of the river that we call expansive where the river widens out and then becomes very braided and very shallow in spots.

And there's a quote from a magazine in the early s that Charles Fitch wrote and he said, "Throw a man into the Missouri River and he's not so likely to drown as he is steamboat in the north break his leg. So yeah, there was no loss of life. The crew was able to get off the boat and likely they were only in a few feet of water, maybe deep enough to bury the hull, maybe even deeper than that as.

But it wouldn't be a very far swim to shallower water where they were able to get off the river. So the salvage of the boat is an interesting thing. There's not a lot of detail about it. The reports are is that the boat was not insured. We steamboat in the north know if that's true or not, because a lot of the facts that we read about that are reported in the papers over the next few days can be pretty unreliable.

So the reports are that it was not insured, but it may have very well have been insured. If it's insured, then generally tge insurance company comes in and does the salvage as quickly as possible. And they salvage what they can of the cargo. They often will salvage the engines themselves, and maybe even the boilers. In inn case, if it wasn't insured, there probably still was some salvage that went on just by the company that owned the boat to begin.

And so, the fact that we're steamboat in the north finding any large metal chunks that would hte boilers or engines out there tells us that it's likely that the engines were removed from the boat. And norht, the boat steaboat probably in shallow enough water where they could get to the engines and remove. The cargo, like I said, was probably a lot of bagged stuff, which got too wet to salvage, but if there was canned goods and jars of pickled vegetables and so on, that probably got salvaged.

Now, an interesting thing is that one of the most valuable commodities on these boats was generally mercury, containers of mercury, because a lot of these boats had a final destination of Fort Benton, Montana. And that, of course, is during the steamboat era is where all the new gold mining activity was going on. Steamboat in the north so, mercury was used to help leach the gold metal out of the ore. Steamboat in the north the mercury was pretty valuable and that's what they went after to salvage.

A lot of times was the mercury this boat, as far as we know, had no mercury on it. Another thing on, that was a very valuable commodity was barrelled whiskey. So a lot of times these boats were hauling whiskey in barrels up to the army forts and just steamboat in the north in general upstream.

And that was a very valuable thing, especially since a lot of times, the boat might not be discovered or salvaged for 10, 15, 20 years later, people have this nice aged whiskey in these barrels that they would go. And the interesting thing was there was reports that there was barreled whiskey on this boat. Whether there was, or not, we don't know. But there was twice, remember, the boat sank inand there were two reports steamboat in the north the early part of the 20th century where the boat river conditions were right for the boat to surface, become exposed again, like on a shallow sandbar.

And there are reports in and then again in the s of people lining the banks to view the boat because it had become exposed and also reports that some people tried to get to the boat to see if there were barrels of whiskey that they could salvage.

And then, the reports stop at that point. You don't really hear whether or not they were successful or not. So I think that's about all we know about the condition of the salvage of the boat.

All right. Now, you mentioned that river levels made it visible inagain in the s. And yet, I've read articles saying steamboat in the north, well, it was essentially discovered or rediscovered in Could you explain that for me?

So where the boat steambboat sitting, it's generally under several feet of water steamboatt in a relatively shallow part of the river, but since the only thing that's left of it is the hull, it doesn't take much to bury the whole boat.

One of the reasons we think only the hull is left is because it's sitting in a segment of the river that hasn't steamoat moved sinceand so the river, the ice gorges, the floods and so on, have ravaged it over steamboat in the north decades and basically stripped it down to nothing left but the hull of the boat.

So it doesn't take much to bury that hull underwater, and once it's under the murky Missouri River steamboat in the north by a foot or two, you steamboat in the north see it.

So it's generally not steamvoat, but inwe were basically in the midst of a drought period where the river levels were very low so the flows were extremely low. They were down around nine or 10, cubic feet per second, coming out to Gavin's Point Dam in March of That exposed a lot of river bed in this area that normally would be under several feet of water.

A local farmer was steamboat in the north in his fishing boat one ssteamboat and noticed this unusual thing on a sandbar, went over to investigate, and he saw that it was the remains of a boat, and that's when he called us. And we went out and began an investigation. So that area where the boat is at changes from time to time. But in general, the general rule is once the flows become about 22, cubic feet per second or better, you really can't see much of the boat at all.

It almost steamboat in the north. So most years, it's pretty rare for much of The Fishing Boat Inn Northumberland Pan it to be exposed. But during those drought years, when the core was releasing very little water, 10, cubic feet or less out of Gavin's Point Dam, quite a bit of it was exposed. Then the flood changed things because the flood basically redeposited new layers of sand over the boat.

And so, then even at that flows when we normally could see the boat, for the next couple of years, we couldn't see it anymore. That sand has since eroded away and we're back to that situation where when we get flows down into the around 20, cubic feet per second, there's a pretty good amount of the boat that's exposed.

So today you can see the boat when the flows get down the wintertime type of conditions. Tell me a little bit about the work that you and the team that you were with, what did you do to identify the boat? What was the process that you took steamboat in the north undertake this marine archeology, if you will?

So it was a multi agency effort. There was myself and steamboat in the north colleague from the South Dakota Geological Survey, a couple of professors from the USD anthropology department, as well as steamboat in the north National Park Service out of Yankton were all involved in the investigation of this newly-discovered boat.

Generally, when a steamboat sinks on the Missouri River, not soon after it sinks, it usually becomes buried in a lot of silt and sand because the river historically Steamboat Buffet Garden By The Bay Dress tended to shift so. And so, usually by the time these things were discovered, they might be several hundred yards or a quarter of a steamboatt off steamboat in the north the new main channel of the river, basically underneath a cornfield somewhere buried stwamboat 20 or 30 feet of mud and silt which preserved them really.

So usually, when the boats are discovered, when they're finally detected and people start recovering what's on the boat, they'll usually steamboat in the north things that have the name of the boat. A lot of the cargo steamboat in the north would have the name of the boat stamped on it.

And so, the Arabia down by Kansas City, the Bertrand down by Missouri Valley, Iowa, those are two good examples of steamboat in the north recent discoveries where they yielded a lot of great artifacts and it was really easy to tell that that The Fishing Boat Inn Northumberland Gun was the boat because its name was all over the place in the cargo hold.

In the case of the North Alabama, because the river had never shifted off it and it had been ravaged by the river all those years, basically all steamboat in the north evidence was destroyed of what this boat is. So when we found the boat, we basically had a mystery on our hands in terms of, what boat is this?

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