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CBSE Class 10th Science Value Based Questions Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds PDF Download

Science textbook of Class 10th deals with the disciplines ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 4 value as Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Environmental Science as integrated. However, as per the examination point of view, we can divide this book into three parts Physics, Chemistry and Biology.

Environment Science part is covered in the Biology syllabus. You can select your desired chapter from the list and start your learning. As sciience stated, Environment Science part is covered in the Biology syllabus.

So we have total three subjects in Science subject, Physics, Chemistry and Biology. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science will introduce you to the basic concepts of the chapters as the questions are given that check your all round understanding of the chapter. You can get ahead of your competitors through these solutions.

You also need to pay attention to time management to get good numbers. To divide this you should divide each topic according to time. Give more and more time to that topic in which you are weak. We often do not give full time to repeat the topics that come to us. It is necessary that you understand the ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 4 value first and then proceed. Many times what happens is that you go to the exam by rote learning and if the question chalter the paper gets a little different then there is panic.

In such a situation, if you understand the chapter concepts, then you will be ready to sciencce in every way. The first unit has total five chapters. The first clqss is about the chemical reactions and equations in which we will learn about how to write chemical equations and balance. Also, we will learn about the various types of chemical reactions. In the second chapter, we will learn about the various types of acids, bases and salts and their reactions with metals and non-metals.

The third chapter will take us to the world of metals and non-metals where we will learn about their properties and reactions among. The fourth chapter is about the carbon and its compounds where we will learn about the properties of carbons and chemical substances containing carbon.

In the fifth chapter, we will learn about the classification of elements and their evolution. The Second unit consists of four chapters that are from sixth to ninth.

The sixth chapter is ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 4 value chhapter various life processes which human need for their survival. In the seventh chapter, we will talk about the parts of the human body which are engaged in control and coordination activities.

The eighth chapter deals with reproduction activities in unicellular and multicellular organisms. The ninth chapter, we will learn how the offsprings look alike. The third unit is How things works which have four chapters. In the tenth chapter, we will learn about light and its phenomena reflection and refraction in a detailed manner. The eleventh chapter ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 4 value about the human eye and some optical phenomena in nature.

The twelfth chapter deals with the electricity in which we will learn electric circuit and resistance. In the thirteenth chapter, magnetic effects of electric current and its applications.

The fourth unit has three chapters in it. Ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 4 value fourteenth chapters talk about the various sources of energy such as conventional and clsas sources. The fifteenth chapter is about our environment in which we will learn about the eco-systems, food chains forr how human activities contribute in degrading its quality.

The last chapter is about the conservation of natural resources. In previous valur, students were introduced to physical and chemical changes.

The chemical changes signify the chemical reactions. The indicators of chemical reactions are explained with some indicators ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 4 value change in physical state, change in color, change in temperature and evolution of gas. These are explained with some experimental examples. After that writing of chemical equation has been explained.

It is ncdrt representation of chemical reactions. Also, it has been explained that how such equations can be more informative.

For example, balancing a chemical equation will signify that the chemical reactions follow law of conservation of mass. Other information like physical states and conditions required for reactions are mentioned. After that various types of chemical reactions are explained are discussed. The types of chemical reactions are �combination reaction, decomposition reaction, displacement reaction, double decomposition reaction.

On basis of energy, exothermic and endothermic reactions are mentioned. Redox reactions are explained which are combination of reduction reaction and oxidation reaction. All types of reactions are explained with suitable example with their respective chemical equation.

Chapter 2 - Acid, Base and Salts Acid and bases are studied sciene earlier classes. Acids are defined as substances which are sour in taste and turn blue litmus red. Examples of acids are sour fruits like, Bases are defined as substances which are bitter in taste and turns red litmus blue.

Examples of bases are neem, clove, vinegar. Here, acids and bases are defined chemically. Bases are chemically those substances which generate OH- ions in aqueous solutionIf not they are weak acids. After that, various chemical and olfactory indicators are discussed; this indicates the presence of acids or base in the solution.

Bases are said to be strong if whole of them get dissociated in water to form OH- ions. For example, Methyl orange is a chemical indicator.

It turns red in acidic solution and yellow in basic solution. Olfactory indicators are indicators which changes odor after coming in contact with acid and base.

For example, smell of clove vanishes when kept in contact with acid. After that acids and bases reactions are discussed with metals, metal oxides and metal carbonates. Reactions between acids and bases are also discussed. They are known as neutralization reactions. Salt is one of the products formed by acid, base reaction. The various types of salts are discussed based on the strength of acid or base.

The pH scale Indicates if the solution is acidic, basic our neutral. It is an scale from So, is acidic, 7 is neutral, basic solution.

Universal indicator is a mixture of several indicators. Chloro-alkali process is performed ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 4 value salt solution. The various chemical substances are formed after reactions, directly or in-directly are used for various process.

Their formation and uses are explained in this chapter. Chapter 3 - Metals and Non-Metals The chapter starts with physical properties of metals and non-metals. The ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 4 value discussed are some physical properties, like melting and boiling points, physical state at ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 4 value temperature, ductility, malleability, tensile strength.

The metals and non �metals are differentiated on the basis of physical properties. But there are some expectations based on physical properties. For example iodine is non-metal but has lustrous appearance as metal. Mercury is metal but liquid at room temperature. There are more such exceptions. Therefore, classification of metals and non-metals, are based on chemical properties. Chemical reactions of metals with oxygen gas, water, acids and other metal salts are discussed.

The reactions and their condition depends upon the reactivity series. The metals on top of reactivity series are sodium and Potassium.

They perform vigorous reactions. Nature of metallic oxides is discussed. Generally Metal oxides are basic in nature. But, some of them like aluminum oxide and zinc oxide can be both acidic and basic and hence known as amphoteric oxides.

After that how such reactions takes place is discussed. Ionic bond formation is discussed. Such bond formation can be represented sciencce two forms. Electrons are loosed by metals and gained by non-metals. One get positively charged and another get negatively charged. They get attracted and a strong bond is formed. The first one is electronic configuration.

The bond formation is discussed through Bohr model. Another method is Lewis structure or electron-dot fot.

The metals and non-metals are sciehce with their symbol and dots.

Main point:

This can support in a arrangement of a seats. A back cabin will contain the tiny ships kitchen as well as alternative storage. For Scotland as an complete a series of vessels owned inside of a republic was 215 in 1707 though in a area of usually 5 years this had rocketed to 1,123.

Why is agitation necessary to get clean clothes? Answer: It is necessary to agitate to get clean clothes because the soap micelles which entrap oily or greasy particles on the surface of dirty cloth have to be removed from its surface. When the cloth wetted in soap solution is agitated or beaten, the micelles containing oily or greasy dirt get removed from the surface of dirty cloth and go into water and the dirty cloth gets cleaned.

Question 1 Ethane, with the molecular formula C 2 H 6 has a 6 covalent bonds b 7 covalent bonds c 8 covalent bonds d 9 covalent bonds Answer: b 7 covalent bonds.

Question 2 Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group a carboxylic acid b aldehyde c ketone d alcohol Answer: c Ketone.

Question 3 While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that a the food is not cooked completely. Answer: b The fuel is not burning completely. Question 4 Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH 3 Cl.

Answer: Covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons so that the combining atoms complete their outermost shell. Chlorine completes its outer shell by sharing its one out of seven electrons with one electron of carbon atom. Thus carbon atom shares all its four electrons with three hydrogen atoms and one of chlorine atom and completes its outermost shell and single covalent bonds are formed in CH 3 Cl.

Question 5 Draw the electron dot structures for a ethanoic acid b propanone c H 2 S d F 2. Question 6 What is a homologous series? Explain with an example. Answer: Homologous series : A homologous series is a group of organic compounds having similar structures and similar chemical properties in which the successive compounds differ by -CH 2 group.

Characteristics of homologous series : i All members of a homologous series can be represented by the same general formula. Question 7 How can ethanol and ethanoic acid he differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties? Answer: Difference on the basis of physical properties. Question 8 Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water?

Will a micell be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also? Answer: Micelle formation takes place when soap is added to water because the hydrocarbon chains of soap molecules are hydrophobic water repelling which are insoluble in water, but the ionic ends of soap molecules are hydrophilic water attracting and hence soluble in water.

Such micelle formation will not be possible in other solvents like ethanol in which sodium salt of fatty acids do not dissolve. Question 9 Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications? Answer: Carbon and its compounds give a large amount of heat per unit weight and are therefore, used as fuels for most applications. Question 10 Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap. Answer: Hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium.

Calcium and magnesium on reacting with soap form insoluble precipitate called scum. The scum formation lessens the cleansing property of soaps in hard water. Question 11 What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper red and blue? Answer: Red litmus will turn blue because soap is alkaline in nature.

Blue litmus remains blue in soap solution. Question 12 What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application? Answer: The addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon to obtain a saturated hydro-carbon is called hydrogenation. The process of hydrogenation takes place in the presence of nickel Ni or palladium Pd metals as catalyst. Application : The process of hydrogenation has an important industrial application.

It is used to prepare vegetable ghee or vanaspati ghee from vegetable oils. So addition reaction take place only in C 3 H 6 and C 2 H 2. Question 14 Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil. Answer: Butter is a saturated carbon compound while cooking oil is an unsaturated carbon compound. An unsaturated compound decolourises bromine water, while a saturated compound cannot decolourise it.

So we can distinguish chemically between a cooking oil and butter by the bromine water. Add bromine water to a little of cooking oil and butter taken in separate test-tubes. Question 15 Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps. OR Explain the cleansing action of soaps. In this way the soap micelle entraps the oily or greasy particles by using its hydrocarbon ends. The ionic ends of the soap molecules in the micelles, however, remain attached to water.

When the dirty cloth is agitated in soap solution, the oily and greasy particles present on its surface and entrapped by soap micelles get dispersed in water due to which the soap water becomes dirty but the cloth gets cleaned.

The cloth is cleaned thoroughly by rinsing in clean water a number of times. Carbon compounds: Covalent bonding in carbon compounds, Versatile nature of carbon, Homologous series, Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups, halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes, and alkynes , difference between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Chemical properties of carbon compounds combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction. Ethanol only properties and uses , Ethanoic acid only properties and uses , soaps and detergents. Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science.

Question 2 What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur, which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur? Hint � The eight atoms of sulphur are joined together in the form of a ring.

Question 3 How many structural isomers can you draw for pentane? Solution: We can draw 3 structural isomers for pentane. Question 4 What are the two properties of carbon that lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us? Solution: Due to its large valency, carbon atoms can form covalent bonds with a number of carbon atoms as well as with a large number of other atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine and many more atoms.

This leads to the formation of a large number of organic compounds. Question 5 What will be the formula and electron dot structure of Cyclopentane? Question 6 Draw the structures for the following compounds.

Ethanoic acid ii. Bromopentane iii. Butanone iv. Hexanal Solution:. Question 7 How would you name the following compounds? Solution: i. Ethyl bromide ii. Formaldehyde iii. Question 8 Why is the conversion of ethanol to Ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction? Solution: The conversion of ethanol into ethanoic acid is called an oxidation reaction because oxygen is added to it during this conversion.

Question 9 A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Solution: When a mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt, it burns completely producing a blue flame. This blue flame is extremely hot which produced a very high temperature which is used for welding metals. But the mixture of ethyne and air is not used for welding purposes because burning of ethyne in air produces a sooty flame, which is not enough to melt metals for welding.

Question 10 What are oxidizing agents? Solution: Oxidizing agents are the substances that gain electrons in an redox reaction and whose oxidation number is reduced.

Question 11 Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation of CH 3 Cl. Solution: CH 3 Cl methyl chloride is made up of one carbon atom, three hydrogen atoms and one chlorine atom.

Carbon atom has 4 valence electrons, each hydrogen atom has one valence electron, and a chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons. Carbon atom shares its four valence electrons with three hydrogen atoms and 1 chlorine atom to form methyl chloride as follows: From the above reaction, in the dot structure of methyl chloride CH 3 Cl there are four pairs of shared electrons between carbon and other atoms.

Each pair of shared electrons constitutes one single covalent bond. So, methyl chloride has four single covalent bonds. Question 12 Draw the electron dot structures for- Solution:. Question 13 What is a homologous series?

Solution: Homologous series is a series of compounds with a similar general formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and shows a gradation in physical properties as a result of increase in molecular size and mass. For example, methane has a lower boiling point than ethane since it has more intermolecular forces with neighbouring molecules.

This is because of the increase in the number of atoms making up the molecule. Question 14 How can ethanol and Ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?

Solution: i Ethanol has a pleasant smell whereas ethanoic acid has the smell of vinegar. Question 15 Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water?

Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also? Solution: Micelle formation takes place when soap is added to water. This is because when soap is added to water in which dirty clothes are soaked, the two parts of the soap molecule dissolves in two different mediums. The organic tail dissolves in the dirt, grime or grease and the ionic head dissolves in water. When the clothes are rinsed or agitated, the dirt gets pulled out of the clothes in the water by the soap molecule.

In this way the soap does its cleaning work on dirty and grimy clothes or hands. The soap molecules actually form a closed structure because of mutual repulsion of the positively charged heads.

This structure is called a micelle. Question 16 Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications? Solution: Carbon and its compounds are used as fuels for most of the applications because they burn in air releasing a lot of heat energy. Question 17 Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.

Solution: The precipitate form of scum is formed when soap is used for washing clothes. With hard water, a large amount of soap is wasted in reacting with the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to form an insoluble precipitate.

The precipitate form formed by the action of hard water on soap, sticks to the clothes being washed and interferes with the cleaning ability of the additional soap. This makes the cleaning of clothes difficult.

Question 18 What change will you observe if you test Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Science Chapter 3 Visa soap with litmus paper red and blue? Solution: Soap is the salt of a strong base NaOH and a weak acid carboxylic acid , so a solution of soap in water is basic in nature. Being basic, a soap solution turns red litmus paper blue. Question 19 What is hydrogenation?

Solution: It is a class of chemical reactions in which the net result is addition of hydrogen H 2 to unsaturated organic compounds such as alkenes, alkynes, etc.

Hydrogenation is widely applied to the processing of vegetable oils and fats. Complete hydrogenation converts unsaturated fatty acids to saturated ones.

From the above hydrocarbons C 2 H 2 is an alkyne, whereas C 3 H 6 is an alkene. So, C 3 H 6 and C 2 H 2 will undergo addition reactions. Question 21 Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil. Solution: Bromine water test can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil.

Add bromine water to a little of cooking oil and butter taken in separate test tubes. Decolourising of bromine water by cooking oil unsaturated compound b. Butter saturated compound does not decolourise bromine water. Question 22 Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps. Solution: We all know that soap is used to remove dirt and and grime from substances.

Generally dirt and grime get stuck because they have an oily component, which is difficult to remove, by plain brushing or washing by water. A soap molecule has two parts, a head and a tail i. A soap molecule has a tadpole like structure shown below. The organic part is water insoluble but is soluble in organic solvents or in oil or grease. The ionic part is soluble in water, as water is a polar solvent. When soap is added to water in which dirty clothes are soaked, the two parts of the soap molecule dissolve in two different mediums.

When the clothes are rinsed or agitated, the dirt gets pulled out of the clothes, by the soap molecule. In this way soap does its cleaning work on dirty and grimy clothes or hands. The micelle pulls out the dirt and grime more efficiently. Question 23 Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent? Solution: We would not be able to check whether a sample of water is hard by using a detergent, this is because a detergent forms lather easily even with hard water.

Question 24 People use a variety of methods to wash clothes. Solution: It is necessary to shake to get clean clothes because the soap micelles, which entrap oily or greasy particles on the surface of dirty clothes, have to be removed from their surface. When the clothes which are wet by soap solution are beaten, the micelles containing oil or greasy dirt particles get removed from the surface of dirty clothes and go into water and the dirty cloth gets cleaned.

Question 1. Buckminster fullerene is an allotropic form of [NCERT Exemplar] a phosphorus b sulphur c carbon d tin Answer: c Buckminster fullerene is an allotrope of carbon containing clusters of 60 carbon atoms joined together to form spherical molecules.

Its formula isC 60 C-sixty. It is a dark solid at room temperature and as compared to another allotropic form of carbon diamond and graphite , it is neither very hard nor soft.

Question 2. Question 3. In which of the following. Chapter 1 - Chemical Reactions and Equations. Chapter 2 - Acids, Bases and Salts. Chapter 3 - Metals and Non-metals. Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds. Chapter 5 - Periodic Classification of Elements. Chapter 6 - Life Processes.

Chapter 7 - Control and Coordination. Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce? Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution. Chapter 10 - Light Reflection and Refraction. Chapter 11 - Human Eye and Colourful World. Chapter 12 - Electricity. Chapter 13 - Magnetic Effects of Electric Current. Chapter 14 - Sources of Energy. Chapter 15 - Our Environment. Chapter 16 - Management of Natural Resources. Chapter 4 Science Class 10 talks about carbon compounds present universally, i.

The atomic mass of Carbon is Carbon is a part of the 14th group. It is seen in both free as well as in the mixed state. Chapter 4 Science Class 10 also explains how, according to the research, it is the seventeenth most commonly found element on earth.

You can find it present as coal and graphite in the elemental state. In contrast, it is available as metal carbonates, hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide gas in the mixed state. When it couples with other components such as chlorine, dihydrogen, dioxygen, and sulfur, it provides a fantastic range of materials that can vary from medicines tissues to.

In Class 10th Science Chapter 4, you will learn that Carbon is a unique element. It occurs in several forms.

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