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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity (Updated ) NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 10 � Light Reflection and Refraction Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction are one of the important chapters in Class 10 Science and the expected marks weightage of the chapter according to the latest marking scheme is 7 marks. Access NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapters here to view the Solutions Online or Download as a Free PDF. NCERT Physics Class 12 Solutions are prepared by Experts at BYJU'S to aid CBSE Class 12 Physics students. Jul 30, �� NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Physics Chapter 10 Wave Optics July 30, by Sastry CBSE Topics and Subtopics in NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 10 Wave Optics.
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Solution: i The circuit diagram is shown in figure. Question 15 Two lamps, one rated W at V, and the other 60 W at V, are connected in parallel to electric mains supply.

What current is drawn from the line if the supply voltage is V? Calculate the rate at which heat is developed in the heater. Question 18 Explain the following: i Why is tungsten used almost exclusively for filament of electric lamps? If the area of cross section of a conductor of fixed length is increased, then resistance decreases because there are more free electrons for movement in conductor.

So, they do not become too hot on passing electric current. Electric current, potential difference and electric current, Ohms law, Resistance, Resistivity factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends; Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors; and its application on daily life; Heating effect of Electric current, electric Power, Interrelation between P, V, and R.

Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science. Page What does an electric circuit mean? Electric circuit is a continuous and closed path made of conducting wires, through which the electric current flows. It comprises a cell, ammeter, voltmeter, plug key, etc.

Define the unit of current. SI unit of electric current is ampere A. Ampere is the flow of electric charges through an area at the rate of one coulomb per second, i. Question 1: Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor. Answer: Cell or battery eliminator. Question 2: What is meant by saying that the potential difference between two points is 1 V? Question 3: How much energy is given to one coulomb of charge passing through a 6 V battery Answer:. Question 1: On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend Answer: Resistance of a conductor depends upon: i Resistivity of the material.

Question 2: Will current flow more easily through a thick wire or thin wire of the same material when connected to the same source? Question 3: Let the resistance of an electrical component remains constant while the potential difference across the two ends of the component decreases to half of its former value. Answer: Hence, the current through an electrical component also becomes half of its previous value. Question 4: Why are the coils of electric toasters and electric irons made of an alloy rather than a pure metal Answer: The coils of electric toaster and electric iron are made of an alloy rather than a pure metal because of the following reasons; i The resistivity of an alloy is higher than that of a pure metal.

Question 5: Use the data in Table Question 2: Redraw the circuit of the above question, putting in an ammeter to measure the current through the resistors and a voltmeter to measure the voltage across the 12 resistor. What would be the reading in the ammeter and the voltmeter? Question 1: Judge the equivalent resistance when the following are connected in parallel. What is the resistance of an electric iron connected to the same source that takes as much current as all three appliances and what is the current flows through it?

Question 3: What are the advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel with the battery instead of connecting them in series? Answer: Advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel:. Answer: a The highest resistance is secured by combining all four coils of resistance in series. Question 1: Why does the cord of an electric heater not glow while the heating element does? Answer: The cord of an electric heater is made up of metallic wire such as copper or aluminum which has low resistance while the heating element is made up of an alloy which has more resistance than its constituent metals.

Question 2: Compute the heat generated while transferring C of charge in one hour through a potential difference of 50 V. Question 3: An electric iron of resistance 20 Q takes a current of 5 A. Question 1: What determines the rate at which energy is delivered by a current?

Answer: Electric power determines the rate at which energy is delivered by a current. Question 2: An electric motor takes 5 A from a V line. Question 1: A piece of wire of resistance R is cut into five equal parts. Question 2: Which of the following terms does not represent electrical power in a circuit? Question 3: An electric bulb is rated V and W. Question 4: Two conducting wires of same material and of equal lengths and diameters are first connected in series and then parallel in a circuit across the same potential difference.

The ratio of heat produced in series and parallel combinations would be a b c d Answer:. Question 5: How is a voltmeter connected in the circuit to measure the potential difference between two points?

Question 6: A copper wire has a diameter 0. Question 7: The values of the current I flowing in a given resistor for the corresponding values of potential difference V across the resistor are given below: Plot a graph between V and I and calculate the resistance of that resistor. Question 8: When a 12 V battery is connected across an unknown resistor, there is a current of 2. Question 9: A battery of 9 V is connected in series with resistors of 0.

Answer: Since all the resistors are in series, the same current, 0. Question Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a V electric supply line, are rated 10 W. Question A hot plate of an electric oven connected to V line has two resistance coils A and B, each of 24 Q resistance, which may be used separately, in series, or in parallel. Question Two lamps, one rated W at V, and the other 60 W at V, are connected in parallel to electric mains supply.

Question An electric heater of resistance 8 f2 draws 15 A from the service mains 2 hours. Question Explain the following. Answer: a It has high melting point and emits light at a high temperature.

Each of them dissipates energy and can withstand a maximum power of 18 W without melting. Find the maximum current that can flow through the three resistors. Question 2: Should the resistance of an ammeter be low or high? Give reason. Answer: The resistance of an ammeter should be low so that it will not disturb the magnitude of current flowing through the circuit when connected in series in a circuit. Question 3: How does use of a fuse wire protect electrical appliances?

Answer: The fuse wire is always connected in series with the live wire or electrical devices. If the flow of current exceeds the specified preset value due to some reason, the heat produced melts it and disconnects the circuit or the device from the mains.

In this way, fuse wire protects the electrical appliances. Question 4: What is electrical resistivity? In a series electrical circuit comprising a resistor made up of a metallic wire, the ammeter reads 5 A. The reading of the ammeter decreases to half when the length of the wire is doubled.

Answer: The resistance offered by a metallic wire of unit length and unit cross-sectional area is called electrical resistivity. Hence, when the length of wire is doubled, the resistance becomes double and current decreases to half. Calculate the resistance of the electric lamp.

Question 6: Why is parallel arrangement used in domestic wiring? Answer: Parallel arrangement is used in domestic wiring because i Each appliance gets the same voltage as that of the mains supply. Question 7: B 1, B 2 and B 3 are three identical bulbs connected as shown in figure. When all the three bulbs glow, a current of 3A is recorded by the ammeter A.

Answer: i Since B 1 ,B 2 and B 3 are in parallel, the potential difference across each of them will remain same. So when the bulb B 1 gets fused, B 2 and B 3 have the same potential and continues with the same energy dissipated per second, i.

Question 1: Three incandescent bulbs of W each are connected in series in an electric circuit. In another circuit, another set of three bulbs of the same wattage are connected in parallel to the same source.

Justify your answer. Will the rest of the bulbs continue to glow in each circuit? Answer: a The bulbs in the two circuits will not glow equally bright as the current through them is not the same. While the rest of bulbs in parallel circuit will continue to glow without getting disturbed because in parallel combination, current gets additional paths to flow.

Question 2: Find out the following in the electric circuit given in figure: Answer: e No difference, since the ammeters are connected in series and same current will pass through them, so reading of both ammeters will be same. Question 1. To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series, a student arranged the circuit components as shown in the diagram.

But he did not succeed to achieve the objective. Question 2. For the given circuit, name the components which are connected in parallel. Because terminals of the resistance and voltmeter are connected together. Question 3. A student arranges the following circuit to get equivalent resistance of a series combination of two resistors R 1 and R 2.

Which one of the following statements will be true for this circuit [CCE ] a It gives incorrect reading for current I as well as potential difference V b It gives correct reading for current I but incorrect reading for potential difference V c It gives correct reading for potential difference V but incorrect reading for current I d It gives correct reading for both I and V Answer: b The voltmeter should be connected across the components of and R 2 to give correct reading for potential difference.

Question 4. An ammeter has 20 divisions between 0 mark and 2A mark on its scale. The least count of ammeter is a 0. Question 5. A student finds that there are 20 divisions between zero mark and 1V mark of a voltmeter.

The least count of voltmeter is a 0. Question 6. The current flowing through a resistor connected in an electric circuit and the potential difference applied across its ends are shown in figure alongside. Question 7. Question 8. In an experiment on studying the dependence of the current I flowing through a given resistor on the potential difference V applied across it, a student has to change the value of the current.

For doing this, he should change the a number of cells used b resistor itself c ammeter used in the circuit d Voltmeter used in the circuit Answer: a If we change the number of cells in electric circuit, the potential difference will change and as a result current flowing in the circuit changes.

Question 9. A milliammeter had graduations marked 0, , , , and The space between 0 mark and mark is divided into 20 divisions. Question To determine the eguivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series, a student prepared two electric circuits, correct reading of ammeter in the circuits is [CCE ] a In circuit I, 1.

When parallel resistors are of three different values, the potential difference across its terminals is [CCE ] a greatest across smallest resistance b greatest across largest resistance c equal across each resistance d least across the smallest resistance Answer: c Potential difference across each resistor is same in parallel combination of resistors.

Charge Something associated with the matter due to which it produces and experiences electric and magnetic effects. Resides on the outer surface of the conductor. Types of Current Direct Current Current whose magnitude and direction does not vary with time. Alternating Current Current whose magnitude and direction periodically changes with time.

Resistance R : Obstruction offered to flow of electrons. After stretching, if length increases by n times then resistance will increase by n 2 times i. How many chapters are there in class 12 physics? The NCERT textbook for physics for class 11 and 12 is more than enough for any kind of exam if it is studied properly and each numerical is solved with proper care. All of us have the experience of seeing a spark or hearing a crackle when we take off our synthetic clothes or sweater, particularly in dry weather.

This is almost inevitable with ladies garments like a polyester saree. Another common example of electric discharge is the lightning that we see in the sky during thunderstorms. We also experience a sensation of an electric shock either while opening the door of a car or holding the iron bar of a bus after sliding from our seat.

The reason for these experiences is the discharge of electric charges through our body, which was accumulated due to rubbing of insulating surfaces. You might have also heard that this is due to the generation of static electricity. This is precisely the topic we are going to discuss in this and the next chapter. Static means anything that does not move or change with time.

Electrostatics deals with the study of forces, fields, and potentials arising from static charges. When an external force does work in taking a body from a point to another against a force like spring force or gravitational force, that work gets stored as the potential energy of the body.

When the external force is removed, the body moves, gaining kinetic energy and losing an equal amount of potential energy. The sum of kinetic and potential energies is thus conserved. Forces of this kind are called conservative forces.

Spring force and gravitational force are examples of conservative forces. Coulomb force between two stationary charges is also a conservative force. Thus, like the potential energy of a mass in a gravitational field, we can define the electrostatic potential energy of a charge in an electrostatic field. Charges in motion constitute an electric current.

Such currents occur naturally in many situations. Lightning is one such phenomenon in which charges flow from the clouds to the earth through the atmosphere, sometimes with disastrous results.

The flow of charges in lightning is not steady, but in our everyday life, we see many devices where charges flow in a steady manner, like water flowing smoothly in a river. A torch and a cell-driven clock are examples of such devices. In the present chapter, we shall study some of the basic laws concerning steady electric currents.

In this chapter, we will see how magnetic field exerts forces on moving charged particles, like electrons, protons, and current-carrying wires. We shall also learn how currents produce magnetic fields. We shall see how particles can be accelerated to very high Ncert Solutions Class 10th Physics Chapter 12 Eb energies in a cyclotron.

We shall study how currents and voltages are detected by a galvanometer. In this and subsequent Chapter on magnetism, we adopt the following convention: A current or a field electric or magnetic emerging out of the plane of the paper is depicted by a dot.

A current or a field going into the plane of the paper is depicted by a cross. Magnetic phenomena are universal in nature. Vast, distant galaxies, the tiny invisible atoms, humans, and beasts all are permeated through and through with a host of magnetic fields from a variety of sources.

In the previous chapter, we have learned that moving charges or electric currents produce magnetic fields. In the present chapter, we take a look at magnetism as a subject in its own right.

The earth behaves as a magnet with the magnetic field pointing approximately from the geographic south to the north. When a bar magnet is freely suspended, it points in the north-south direction. The tip which points to the geographic north is called the north pole and the tip which points to the geographic south is called the south pole of the magnet.

The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is not merely of theoretical or academic interest but also of practical utility. Imagine a world where there is no electricity � no electric lights, no trains, no telephones, and no personal computers.

The pioneering experiments of Faraday and Henry have led directly to the development of modern-day generators and transformers. The electric mains supply in our homes and offices is a voltage that varies like a sine function with time. Today, most of the electrical devices we use require ac voltage. This is mainly because most of the electrical energy sold by power companies is transmitted and distributed as alternating current.

The main reason for preferring use of ac voltage over dc voltage is that ac voltages can be easily and efficiently converted from one voltage to the other by means of transformers.

Further, electrical energy can also be transmitted economically over long distances. AC circuits exhibit characteristics which are exploited in many devices of daily use. For example, whenever we tune our radio to a favorite station, we are taking advantage of a special property of ac circuits � one of many that you will study in this chapter. We learned that an electric current produces the magnetic field and that two Ncert Solutions Of Class 10th Maths Chapter 8 Answers current-carrying wires exert a magnetic force on each other. Also, we have seen that a magnetic field changing with time gives rise to an electric field.

James Clerk Maxwell , argued that this was indeed the case � not only electric current but also a time-varying electric field generates a magnetic field. He suggested the existence of an additional current, called by him, the displacement current to remove this inconsistency.

In this chapter, we consider the phenomena of reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light, using the ray picture of light. Using the basic laws of reflection and refraction, we shall study the image formation by plane and spherical reflecting and refracting surfaces.

We then go on to describe the construction and working of some important optical instruments, including the human eye. In this chapter, we will first discuss the original formulation of the Huygens principle and derive the laws of reflection and refraction. We will also discuss the phenomenon of interference which is based on the principle of superposition. And we will discuss the phenomenon of diffraction which is based on HuygensFresnel principle.

Finally, we will discuss the phenomenon of polarisation which is based on the fact that the light waves are transverse electromagnetic waves. It was found that certain metals, when irradiated by ultraviolet light, emitted negatively charged particles having small speeds.

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