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NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity

Electricity class 10 NCERT solutions will not only help in board exam preparation but also helps in clearing the competitive exams like Engineering. Also, candidates can find electricity class 10 numericals with solutions which helps candidates solving their assignments. Question 1 Wlectricity does an electric circuit mean? Answer: A continuous and closed path along which an electric current flows is called an electric circuit.

Question 2 Define the unit of current. Answer: Unit of current is ampere. If one coulomb of charge flows through any section of a conductor jcert one second then the current through it is said to be one ampere. Question 3 Calculate the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge.

Question 1 Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor. Answer: A battery. Question 2 What is meant by saying that the potential difference between two points is IV? Answer: The potential difference between two points is said to be 1 volt if 1 joule of work electricity class 10th ncert notes query done in moving 1 coulomb of electric charge from one point to the. Question 3 How Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Geography Chapter 5 Notes much energy is given to each coulomb of charge passing through a 6 V battery?

Question 1 On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend? OR List the factors on which the resistance of a conductor in the shape of a wire depends. Question 2 Will current flow more easily through a thick wire or a thin wire of the same material, when connected to the same source?

Answer: The current will flow more easily through a thick wire than a thin wire of the same material. Larger the area of cross-section of a conductor, more is the ease with which the electrons can move through the conductor. Therefore, smaller electricity class 10th ncert notes query the resistance of the conductor. Question 3 Let the resistance of an electrical component remains constant while the potential difference across the two ends of the component electricity class 10th ncert notes query to half of its electricity class 10th ncert notes query value.

What change will occur in the current electricity class 10th ncert notes query it? Answer: When potential difference is halved, the current through the component also decreases to half of its initial value. Question 4 Why electricity class 10th ncert notes query coils of electric toasters and electric irons are made of an-alloy rather than a pure metal? OR Why are alloys commonly used in 10tu heating devices?

Given reason. Question 5 Use the data in Table Thus iron is a better conductor because it has lower resistivity than mercury. Answer: The required circuit diagram is shown below :.

What would be the readings in the ammeter and the voltmeter? Solution: The required circuit diagram is shown on the right. Answer: When the resistances are connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance is smaller than the smallest individual resistance. What is the resistance of an electric iron connected to the same source that takes as much current as all three appliances, and what is the current through it? Question 3 What are the advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel with the battery instead of connecting them in series?

Answer: Advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel with the battery are :. Solution: i Highest resistance can be obtained by connecting the four coils in series.

Question 1 Why does the cord of an electric heater not glow while the heating element does? Solution: Heat generated in a circuit is given by I 2 R t. The heating element of an electric heater made of nichrome glows because it becomes red-hot due to the large amount of heat produced on passing current because of its high resistance, but the cord of the electric heater made of copper does not glow because negligible heat is produced in it by passing current because of its extremely low resistance.

Question 2 Compute the heat nncert while transferring ncerf of charge in one ncegt through a potential difference of 50 V. Calculate the heat developed in 30 s. Question 1 What determines the rate at which energy is delivered by a current? Answer: Resistance of the circuit determines the rate at which energy is delivered by a current.

Question 2 An electric motor takes 5 A from a V line. Determine the power of the motor and the energy consumed in 2 h. Question 1 A piece of wire of resistance R is cut into five equal parts.

These parts are then connected in parallel. Question 2 Which of the following terms does not represent electrical power in a circuit? Question 3 An electric bulb is rated V and W. Question 4 Two conducting wires of the same material and of equal lengths and equal diameters are first connected in series and then parallel in a circuit across the same potential difference.

The ratio of heat produced in series and parallel combinations would be : a 1 : 2 b 2 : 1 c 1 : 4 d 4 : 1 Answer: c 1 : 4. Question 5 How is a voltmeter connected in the circuit to measure the potential difference between two points? Answer: A voltmeter is connected in parallel to measure the potential difference between two points.

Question 6 A copper wire has diameter 0. How much does the electricity class 10th ncert notes query change if the diameter is doubled? Answer: If a qufry of diameter doubled to it 10rh taken, then eledtricity of cross-section becomes four times. Question electricity class 10th ncert notes query The values of current I flowing in a given resistor for the corresponding values of potential difference V across the querj are given below : Plot a graph between V and I and calculate the resistance of the resistor.

Solution: The graph between V and I for the above data is given. The slope of the graph will give the value electricity class 10th ncert notes query resistance. Let us consider two points P and Q on the graph. Question 8 When a 12 V battery is connected across an unknown resistor, there is a current of 2. Find the value of the resistance of the resistor. Question 9 A battery of 9V is connected in series with resistors of 0.

How much current would flow through the 12 Q resistor? Thus 4 resistors are needed to be connect. The equivalent resistance is.

Question 12 Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a V electric supply line, are rated 10 W. How many lamps can be connected in parallel with each other across the two wires of V line if the maximum allowable current is notee A? What are the currents in the three cases? Solution: i When the two coils A and B are used separately. Solution: i The circuit diagram is shown in figure. Question 15 Two lamps, one rated W electricity class 10th ncert notes query V, and the other 60 W at V, are connected in parallel to electric mains supply.

What current is drawn from the line if the supply voltage is V? Calculate the rate at which heat is developed in the heater. Question 18 Explain the following: i Why is tungsten used almost exclusively for filament of electric lamps?

If the area of cross section of a conductor of fixed electricity class 10th ncert notes query is increased, then elsctricity decreases because there are more free electrons for movement in conductor. So, they do not become too hot on querj electric current. Electric current, potential difference and electric current, Ohms law, Resistance, Resistivity factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends; Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors; and its application on daily life; Heating effect of Electric current, electric Power, Interrelation between P, V, and R.

Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science. Page What does an electric circuit mean? Electric circuit is a continuous and closed path made of conducting wires, through which the electric current flows.

It comprises a cell, ammeter, voltmeter, plug key. Define the unit of current. SI unit of electric current is ampere A. Ampere is the flow of electric charges through an area at the rate of one coulomb per second, i. Question 1: Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor.

Answer: Cell or battery eliminator. Question 2: What is meant by saying that the potential difference between two points is 1 V? Question 3: How much energy is given to one coulomb of charge electrcity through a 6 V battery Answer:. Question 1: On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend Answer: Resistance of a conductor depends upon: i Resistivity of the material.

Question 2: Will current flow more easily through a thick wire or thin wire of the same material when connected to the nnotes source? Question 3: Let the resistance of an electrical component remains constant while the potential difference across the two ends of the component decreases to half of its former value. Answer: Hence, the current through an electrical component also becomes half of its nptes value.

Question 4: Why are the coils of electric toasters and electricity class 10th ncert notes query irons made of an alloy rather than a pure metal Answer: The coils of electric toaster and electric iron are made of an alloy rather than a electricity class 10th ncert notes query metal because of the following reasons; i The resistivity of an alloy is higher than electricity class 10th ncert notes query of a pure metal.

Question 5: Use the data in Table Question 2: Redraw the circuit of the above question, putting in an ammeter to measure the current through the resistors and a voltmeter electricity class 10th ncert notes query measure the voltage across the 12 resistor. What would be the reading in the ammeter and the voltmeter? Question 1: Judge the equivalent resistance when the following are connected in parallel.

What is the resistance of an electric iron connected to the same source that takes as elrctricity current as all three appliances and what is the current flows through it? Question 3: What are the advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel with the battery instead of connecting them in series?

Make points:

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Resistivity depends on the nature of the material of the conductor. Silver has resistivity equal to 1. Rubber and glass are very good insulators.

The resistivity of materials varies with temperature. Combination of resistors Series and Parallel combination , the heating effect of electric current and electric power. Combination of Resistors i Series combination ii Parallel combination. Resistors in Series: When resistors are joined from end to end, it is called in series. In this case, the total resistance of the system is equal to the sum of the resistance of all the resistors in the system.

Let, three resistors R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 get connected in series. Resistors in Parallel: When resistors are joined in parallel, the reciprocal of the total resistance of the system is equal to the sum of reciprocal of the resistance of resistors.

Let three resistors R 1 , R 2 and R 3 connected in parallel. The total current through the circuit can be calculated by adding the electric current through individual resistors. Heating Effect of Electric Current: When electric current is supplied to a purely resistive conductor, the energy of electric current is dissipated entirely in the form of heat and as a result, resistor gets heated.

The heating of resistor because of dissipation of electrical energy is commonly known as Heating Effect of Electric Current. Some examples are as follows : When electric energy is supplied to an electric bulb, the filament gets heated because of which, it gives light.

The heating of electric bulb happens because of heating effect of electric current. Cause of Heating Effect of Electric Current: Electric current generates heat to overcome the resistance offered by the conductor through which it passes. Higher the resistance, the electric current will generate higher amount of heat. Thus, generation of heat by electric current while passing through a conductor is an inevitable consequence.

This heating effect is used in many appliances, such as electric iron, electric heater, electric geyser, etc. Electric Bulb: In an electric bulb, the filament of bulb gives light because of the heating effect of electricity.

Electric Fuse: Electric fuse is used to protect the electric appliances from high voltage if any. Electric fuse is made of metal or alloy of metals, such as aluminum, copper, iron, lead, etc.

In the case of flow of higher voltage than specified, fuse wire melts and protect the electric appliances. Suppose, if an electric heater consumes W at V. Electric Power S. Unit of electric energy is kilowatt-hour kWh. Conductor: The material which can allow the flow of electrons through itself is called the conductor. It has a large number of free electrons. It offers low opposition in the flow of current. Insulator: The material which does not allow the flow of electrons through itself is called insulator.

It has less or no free electrons. It offers high opposition in the flow of current. Electric Current: The amount of flow charge through any cross-sectional area of a conductor in unity time is called Electric Current. Electric Current is a scalar quantity. It is measured by an ammeter. Direction: The direction of conventional current or practical current is opposite to the flow of electrons. Electric potential: Electric Potential at any point in the electric field is defined as the amount of work done to bring the unit positive charge from infinity from outside the electric field to that point.

It is a scalar quantity. The -ve charge flows from lower to a higher potential. The difference of electric potential between any two points in the electric field is called Electric Potential difference.

It is known as a voltage which is equal to the work done per unit charge between two points against the static electric field. The heat generated by electric current: The potential difference between two points in an electrical field is equal to the work done in moving a unit charge from one point to another.

Resistance: Ratio of the applied voltage to the current flowing in the conductor is called resistance of the conductor. Resistance is the opposition offered by the conductor in the flow of current. Electric Energy is amount of work done to maintain the continuous flow of electric current in the circuit.

Its S. Electric power P : The electric work done per unit time is called electric power. When one joule of energy is used for one second, electric power is equal to one watt. The negative terminal of a battery is said to be at lower potential and the positive terminal is said to be at higher potential.

When a battery is not connected to any circuit, the potential difference across the terminals of the battery is equal to the EMF of the battery. Electromotive force, also called EMF, denoted and measured in volts , refers to voltage generated by a battery or by the magnetic forceaccording to Faraday's Law, which states that a time varying magnetic field will induce an electric current.

Toggle navigation. Key Notes Electricity. The unit of current is Ampere. Potential Difference:. The potential difference between two separate points is defined as the work done to move a unit positive charge from one point to another. The unit of potential difference is Volt.

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