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Board � Central Board of Secondary Education, cbse. Question 1: What was a guillotine? Answer: It was a device comprising two poles and a blade with which a person was beheaded during the French Revolution. Question 2: When did Germany surrender to the Allies? Answer: Germany surrendered to the Allies in May, Question 3: Which type of drainage pattern does an area have where hard and soft rocks exist parallel to each other?
Answer: Trellis drainage pattern. Question 4: Which land form of India is a major source of water and forest wealth? Answer: The Himalayan Mountains.
Question 5: Between which latitudes does mainland of India extend? Question 6: What do we call a state where head of the state is an elected and not a hereditary person? Answer: Republic. Question 7: In the village Palampur, from whom do the small farmers used to borrow money to arrange capital? Answer: From large farmers or moneylenders or traders. Question 8: Describe any three changes that took place in Germany after the passing of the famous Enabling Act of Answer: i This Act established dictatorship in Germany.
It gave Hitler all powers to sideline parliament and rule by decree. Question 9: Identify the conditions of workers in socialist society. Answer: Workers in a socialist society are looked after well. They are paid enough wages and the working conditions are improved. They have regular employment in factories and are given extra benefits.
They have regular employment. They have a say in the management of industries. Peasants are given land to till. Housing and sanitation problems are well looked after. There is a socioeconomic equality in society. Question Name the outermost range of the Himalayas. Write any two characteristics of it. Answer: The outermost range of the Himalayas is called the Shiwaliks. They extend over a width of km and have an altitude varying between and metres. These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges located farther north.
These valleys are covered with thick gravel and alluvium. The longitudinal valley lying between lesser Himalayas and the Shiwaliks are known as Duns. Question Describe the main features of the eastern extension of the Central Highland. Answer: The peninsular plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the Deccan plateau.
The Central Highlands are wider in the west but narrower in the east. The eastward extensions of this plateau are locally known as the Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. The Chhotanagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension, drained by the Damodar river. An extension of the plateau is also visible in the northeast called the Meghalaya, Karbi-Anglong plateau and North Cachar Hills.
Answer: The formation of the Himalayas due to upliftment of sediments out of the Tethys Sea and subsidence of the northern flank of the Peninsular Plateau resulted in the formation of a large basin. Over millions of years this depression gradually got filled up with alluvium deposited by the three major river systems � the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra flowing from the Himalayas in the north.
Sediments were also deposited by the tributaries of these rivers rising from the mountains in the north as well as the Peninsular Plateau to its south. As the Himalayas gained in height, the rivers, glaciers and other agents of denudation became increasingly active in erosion. As a result, large amount of silt got deposited in the shrinking Tethys. Question Describe three common features of non-democratic countries. Answer: i Non-democratic countries do not offer political equality.
There is limited right to vote based on property or other qualification. Answer: Mahatma Gandhi spelt out his vision of the constitution in Young India in Question Define democracy and elaborate any two common features of it. Answer: Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people. Question Explain briefly three differences between market and non-market activities.
Answer: i Market activities involve remumeration to any one who performs an activity for pay or profit. Non-market activities are consumption, processing of primary product and own account production of fixed assets. Question Define production. Explain the role of labour in production. Answer: Production is to produce the goods and services that we want.
There are four requirements for production of goods and services � land, labour, capital, knowledge and enterprise. Labour is an important factor of production. A producer needs people who will do the work. Some activities require skilled and semi-skilled labour whereas others require workers who can do manual work.
Each worker is providing the labour necessary for production. Question Explain the ways by which small and large farmers arrange capital for farming? Answer: Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan. In contrast to the small farmers, the medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming.
They are thus able to arrange for the capital needed. Large farmers also take up allied activities such as setting up mills, brick kilns, etc. Thus, for them there is no dearth of capital.
Question 19A: Describe scientific forestry. Answer: In scientific forestry, natural forests which had lots of different types of trees were cut down. In their place one type of tree was planted in straight rows. This is called a Byjus Class 9 Maths Sample Paper Set 1 Solutions Sdn plantation. Forest officials surveyed the forests, estimated the area under different types of trees and made working plans for forest management.
They planned how much of the plantation area to cut every year. The area cut was then to be replanted so that it was ready to be cut again in some years.
Answer: In pre-colonial times, Maasai society was divided into elders and warriors. To administer the affairs of Maasai, the British appointed chiefs who were made responsible for the affairs of the people.
These chiefs often accumulated wealth with which they could buy animals, goods and land. They lent money to poor neighbours who needed to pay taxes. Many of them began living in cities and became involved in trade. Their wives and children stayed back in villages to look after animals. These chiefs managed to survive the devastation of war and drought. They had both pastoral and non-pastoral income. But the poor pastoralists who depended only on their livestock did not have resources to tide over bad times.
In times of war and famines, they lost nearly everything and had to look for work in towns. Answer: Till the middle of the eighteenth century the Enclosure Movement proceeded very slowly. The early enclosures were usually created by individual landlords. They were not supported by the state or the Church. After the mid-eighteenth century, however, the Enclosure Movement swept through the countryside, changing the English landscape forever.
Between and , 6 million acres of land was enclosed. The British Parliament no longer watched this progress from a distance. It passed 4, Acts legalising these Enclosures. Question 20A: Who are the pastoral nomads? Describe their characteristic features. Answer: Pastoral nomads are pastoralist who keep a heard of cattles such as sheep and goats and move from one place to another in search of pasture for their cattle.
Their chief features: i They follow a cyclic movement in search of pastures for their cattle between summer and winter. They consume their milk and meat and also sell them.
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