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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 Exercise in PDF

ROT13 " rotate by 13 places ", sometimes hyphenated ROT is 10th ncert 13.2 video simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the alphabet. ROT13 is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed in ancient Rome.

The algorithm provides virtually no cryptographic security, and is often cited as a canonical example of weak encryption. ROT13 10th ncert 13.2 video used in online forums as a means of hiding spoilerspunchlinespuzzle solutions, and offensive materials from the casual glance.

ROT13 has inspired a variety of letter and word games online, and is frequently mentioned in newsgroup conversations. Applying ROT13 to a piece of text merely requires examining its alphabetic characters 10th ncert 13.2 video replacing each one by the letter 13 places further along in the alphabetwrapping back to the beginning if necessary.

Only those letters which occur in the English alphabet are affected; numbers, symbols, whitespace, and all other characters are left unchanged. In other words, two successive applications of 10th ncert 13.2 video restore the original text in mathematicsthis is sometimes called an involution ; in cryptography, a reciprocal cipher.

The transformation can be done using a lookup tablesuch as the following:. Johann Ernst Elias 10th ncert 13.2 videoan 18th century 10th ncert 13.2 video and constructor of perpetual motion machines, pointed out that ROT13 encodes his surname as Orffyre. He 10th ncert 13.2 video its latinised form, Orffyreusas his pseudonym. ROT13 was in use in the net. By obscuring an email's content, the screening algorithm is unable to identify the email as, for instance, a security risk, and allows it into the recipient's in-box.

The words "n", "V" capitalized onlyand "gur" ROT13 for "a", "I", and "the"and words ending 10th ncert 13.2 video "yl" "ly" are examples. ROT13 is not intended to be used where secrecy is of any concern�the use 10th ncert 13.2 video a constant shift means that the encryption effectively has no keyand decryption requires no more knowledge than the fact that ROT13 is in use.

Even without this knowledge, the algorithm is easily broken through frequency analysis. In Decemberit was found that Netscape Communicator used ROT13 as part of an insecure scheme to store email passwords.

ROT13 provides an opportunity for letter games. Some words will, when transformed with ROT13, produce another word. Examples of 7-letter pairs in the English language are abjurer and nowhereand Chechen and purpura. Other examples of words like these are shown in the table. Westley's computer program can be encoded in ROT13 or reversed and still compiles correctly.

Its operation, when executed, is either to perform ROT13 encoding on, or to reverse its input. The newsgroup alt. ROT47 is a derivative of ROT13 which, in addition to scrambling the basic letters, treats numbers and common symbols. Specifically, the 7-bit printable characters, excluding space, from decimal 33 '! For example, the character A is mapped to pwhile a is mapped to 2.

On the other hand, because ROT47 introduces numbers and 10th ncert 13.2 video into the mix without discrimination, it is more immediately obvious that the text has been enciphered. The GNU C librarya set of standard routines available for use in computer programmingcontains a function � mem frob [16] �which has a similar purpose to ROT13, although it is intended for use with arbitrary binary data.

The function operates by combining each byte with the binary pattern 42 using the exclusive or XOR operation. This effects a simple XOR cipher. Like ROT13, XOR and therefore memfrob is self-reciprocal, and provides a similar, virtually absent, level of security. In Emacsone can ROT13 the buffer or a selection with the following commands: [17].

In Pythonthe module this is implemented using ROT [19]. 10th ncert 13.2 video module codecs provides 'rot13' text transform. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Type of Caesar cipher. M-x toggle-rotmode M-x rotother-window M-x rotregion.

Explicit is better than implicit. Simple is better than complex. Complex is better than complicated. Flat is better than nested.

Sparse is better than dense. Readability counts. Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules. Although practicality beats purity. Errors should never pass silently. 10th ncert 13.2 video explicitly silenced. In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess. There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.

Although that way may not be obvious at first unless 10th ncert 13.2 video Dutch. Now is better than. If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea. If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.

Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those! Rkcyvpvg vf orggre guna vzcyvpvg. Fvzcyr vf orggre guna pbzcyrk. Pbzcyrk vf orggre guna pbzcyvpngrq.

Syng vf orggre guna arfgrq. Fcnefr vf orggre guna qrafr. Ernqnovyvgl pbhagf. Fcrpvny pnfrf nera'g fcrpvny rabhtu gb oernx gur ehyrf. Nygubhtu cenpgvpnyvgl orngf chevgl. Reebef fubhyq arire cnff fvyragyl. Hayrff rkcyvpvgyl fvyraprq. Va gur snpr bs nzovthvgl, ershfr gur grzcgngvba gb thrff. Gurer fubhyq or bar-- naq cersrenoyl bayl bar --boivbhf jnl gb qb vg. Nygubhtu gung jnl znl abg or boivbhf ng svefg hayrff lbh'er Qhgpu.

Abj vf orggre guna arire. Vs gur vzcyrzragngvba vf uneq gb rkcynva, vg'f n onq vqrn. Vs gur vzcyrzragngvba vf rnfl gb rkcynva, vg znl or n tbbq 10th ncert 13.2 video. Anzrfcnprf ner bar ubaxvat terng vqrn -- yrg'f qb zber bs gubfr! ISBN Applied Cryptography Second ed.

New York: Macmillan. The Museum of Unworkable Devices. Newsgroup : net. The Jargon File, 4. Retrieved 19 September CS1 maint: extra text: authors list link [ unreliable source? Retrieved 12 June Retrieved 20 September Reliable Software 10th ncert 13.2 video. CiteSeerX ZDNet News. Retrieved 3 February Retrieved 15 December Retrieved 13 August Retrieved 3 October Free Software Foundation. Retrieved 2 August Classical cryptography.

Playfair Two-square Four-square. Columnar Double Myszkowski Rail fence Route. Book Navajo Poem. Bacon Grille Null. Cryptographic hash function Block cipher Stream cipher Symmetric-key algorithm Public-key cryptography Quantum key distribution Quantum cryptography Post-quantum cryptography Message authentication code Random numbers Steganography. Categories : Classical ciphers Internet culture.

Hidden categories: CS1 maint: extra text: authors list All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from August CS1 errors: missing periodical Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from January

RD Sharma Class 12 Solutions. When lead shots, each of which is a sphere of radius 0. A solid consisting of a right circular cone of height cm and radius 60 cm standing on a hemisphere of radius 60 cm is placed upright in a right circular cylinder full of water such that it touches the bottom. A pen stand made of wood is in the shape of a cuboid with four conical depressions to hold pens. You can also download the free PDF of Ex

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