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For example, Australian border controls restrict most if not all food products, certain wooden products and other similar items. Border controls in many countries in the Greater India region prioritise mitigating trade in narcotics.

For instance, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia impose mandatory death sentences on individuals caught smuggling restricted substances across their borders. The issue stems largely from the high output of dangerous and illegal drugs in the Golden Triangle as well as in regions further west such as Afghanistan. A similar problem exists east of the Pacific, and has resulted in countries such as Mexico and America tightening border control in response to the northward flow of illegal substances from regions such as Colombia.

The Mexican Drug War and similar cartel activity in neighbouring areas has exacerbated the problem. Most countries impose visa requirements on foreign nationals, and depending on the country's border control strategy these can be liberal or restrictive. Many countries in the Greater India region have liberalised their visa controls in recent years to encourage transnational business and tourism.

For example, India , Myanmar , and Sri Lanka have introduced electronic visas to make border control less of a bureaucratic hurdle for business travellers and tourists.

Malaysia has introduced similar eVisa facilities, and has also introduced the eNTRI programme to expedite clearance for Indian citizens and Chinese citizens from the mainland.

Thailand regularly issues visas on arrival to many non-exempt visitors at major ports of entry in order to encourage tourism. Indonesia, in recent years, has progressively liberalised its visa regime , no longer requiring visas or on-arrival visas from most nationals, while Singapore has signed visa waiver agreements with many countries in recent years and has introduced electronic visa facilities for Indians, Eastern Europeans, and mainland Chinese.

This trend towards visa liberalisation in the Greater India region is part of the broader phenomenon of globalisation and has been linked to heightened economic growth. Certain countries, predominantly but not exclusively in western Europe and the Americas, issue working holiday visas for younger visitors to supplement their travel funds by working minor jobs. These are especially common in members of the European Union such as Austria, and elsewhere in western Europe such as Switzerland and Ukraine.

Saudi Arabia issues a special category visa for people on religious pilgrimage. Similar policies are in force in other countries with significant religious sites. Certain jurisdictions impose special visa requirements on journalists in order to curtail the freedom of foreign reporters and news organisations to report on controversial topics.

Many countries let individuals clear border controls using foreign visas. For instance, the following countries accept U. In the Philippines, in addition to U. Nationals of China from the Mainland travelling as tourists and holding a valid visa issued by Australia, Canada, Japan, United States, or a Schengen Area state may enter and stay without a visa for up to 7 days.

Nationals of India holding a valid tourist, business or resident visa issued by Australia, Canada, Japan, Singapore, United Kingdom, United States, or a Schengen Area state may enter and stay without a visa for up to 14 days.

They may enter from any port of entry. South Korea lets passengers in transit enter for up to thirty days utilising an Australian, Canadian, U. An Electronic Travel Authorisation or Electronic Travel Authority is a kind of pre-arrival registration, which is not officially classified as a visa , required for foreign travellers to a country who normally do not require a visa under some circumstances.

Different from a proper visa which the traveller normally has no recourse if rejected, if an ETA is rejected the traveller can choose to apply for a visa instead. Many countries require individuals who do not require a visa to enter to hold an Electronic Travel Authorisation instead.

Travellers to Sri Lanka must get an Electronic Travel Authorisation prior to getting a visa on arrival at the entry port, except for a few countries where the ETA is exempted, and for a few countries where a visa must be got in advance.

Development of the Electronic Travel Authority system commenced in January It was first implemented in Singapore on a trial basis on 11 September , for holders of Singapore and US passports travelling on Qantas and Singapore Airlines. Implementation of online applications began in June The ETA allows the holder to visit Australia for unlimited times, up to 3 months per visit, in a month period for tourism or business purposes.

At the time of travel to, and entry into, Australia, all holders of an ETA must be free from tuberculosis and must not have any criminal convictions for which the sentence or sentences whether served or not total 12 months or more.

Holders of the following passports can apply online: []. Indian nationals and Taiwanese nationals from areas controlled by the Republic of China [l] do not require a visa to enter Hong Kong , but must apply for a pre-arrival registration PAR prior to arrival. If not successful, Indian travellers may apply for a visa instead. Taiwanese people are eligible only if they were born in Taiwan or entered Hong Kong as an ROC nationals before, otherwise they should instead apply for an entry permit a de facto visa to enter Hong Kong using their Republic of China passport.

These are:. East of the Pacific, both America and Canada have introduced electronic travel authorisations. Travellers from visa-free countries entering Canada by air, except U. Travellers under the U. Visa Waiver Programme are required to obtain permission through the Electronic System for Travel Authorisation if arriving America by air or cruise but not if entering by land or by ferry, using a passport issued by the Government of Bermuda to a British Overseas Territories Citizen , or if entering as a Canadian citizen.

Travellers from Brazil normally require a visa to enter Canada, but are eligible to apply for an ETA if they have held a Canadian visa within the 10 years prior to applying, or if they currently hold a valid non-immigrant U. Such travellers still may not enter Canada by land or sea without a valid Canadian visa. Whilst most countries implement border controls both at entry and at exit, some jurisdictions do not.

These countries consequently don't issue exit stamps even to travellers who require stamps on entry. Similarly, Australia, Singapore and South Korea have eliminated exit stamps even though they continue to implement brief border control checks upon exit for most foreign nationals.

Some countries in Europe maintain controversial exit visa systems in addition to regular border controls. For instance, Uzbekistan requires its own citizens to obtain exit visas prior to leaving for countries other than fellow CIS nations in eastern Europe.

Several countries in the Arabian peninsula require exit visas for foreign workers under the Kafala System meaning "sponsorship system". Russia occasionally requires foreigners who overstay to obtain exit visas since one cannot exit Russia without a valid visa. Czechia has a similar policy. Not all foreign citizens are subject to that requirement. Citizens of Germany, for example, do not require this exit visa.

Certain Asian countries have policies that similarly require certain categories of citizens to seek official authorisation prior to travelling or emigrating. This is usually either as a way to enforce national service obligations or to protect migrant workers from travelling to places where they may be abused by employers. Singapore, for instance, operates an Exit Permit scheme in order to enforce the national service obligations of its male citizens and permanent residents.

Nepal similarly requires citizens emigrating to the United States on an H-1B visa to present an exit permit issued by the Ministry of Labour. This document is called a work permit and needs to be presented to immigration to leave the country. Many nations implement border controls restricting the entry of people of certain nationalities or who have visited certain countries. For instance Georgia refuses entry to holders of passports issued by the Republic of China.

The majority of Arab countries, as well as Iran and Malaysia, ban Israeli citizens, [] however exceptional entry to Malaysia is possible with approval from the Ministry of Home Affairs. In some cases, border control policies target stateless individuals, or individuals holding nationality statuses without right of abode , including individuals with Republic of China ROC passports without a national ID, and British Subjects or British Overseas Citizens without indefinite leave to remain in the United Kingdom.

Other countries, such as India which allows all Chinese nationals to apply for eVisas , don't make such a distinction. Singapore imposes strict controls on stateless individuals and refugees, and reduces length of stay for British nationals without right of abode in the United Kingdom, but does not distinguish between ROC passports with and without national ID numbers.

As a result of tension over the Artsakh dispute, Azerbaijan currently forbids entry to Armenian citizens as well as to individuals with proof of travel to Artsakh.

Certain neighbouring countries may agree to fully or partially abolish border controls between them. However, this does not apply to air travel. The Commonwealth of Independent States, or CIS, is an organisation composed of former members of the Soviet Union, whose members eliminate many trade and visa related border controls. However, each country continues to maintain its own visa policies, thus resulting in non-citizens of the two countries generally being barred from travelling directly between the two.

The two most significant free travel areas in Western Europe are the Schengen area, in which very little if any border control is generally visible, and the Common Travel Area CTA , which partially eliminates such controls for nationals of the United Kingdom and Ireland. Between countries in the Schengen Area , and to an extent within the CTA on the British Isles, internal border control is often virtually unnoticeable, and often only performed by means of random car or train searches in the hinterland , while controls at borders with non-member states may be rather strict.

Irish border at Killeen within CTA marked only by a metric speed sign, as the Republic of Ireland uses the metric system whilst British road signs use imperial units. Open Schengen Area border crossing at the France-Monaco border was open long before Schengen started. Open Schengen Area border crossing at the Swiss-Lichtenstein border was open long before Schengen started.

India and Bhutan also have a similar system. Similarly, Bhutanese passport holders enjoy free movement in India. Whilst not as liberal as the policies concerning the Indo-Nepalese and Indo-Bhutanese borders, Thailand and Cambodia have begun issuing combined visas to certain categories of tourists applying at specific Thai or Cambodian embassies and consulates in order to enable freer border crossings between the two countries.

The Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement is not a free travel area. However, citizens and Australian permanent residents receive free indefinite visas with work rights at immigration control points in airports and sea ports. The arrangement came into effect in , and allows citizens of each country to reside and work in the other country, with some restrictions.

Other details of the arrangement have varied over time. From 1 July , all people entering Australia including New Zealand citizens have been required to carry a passport.

Since 1 September Australia has had a universal visa requirement, and to specifically cater for the continued free movement of New Zealanders to Australia the Special Category Visa was introduced for New Zealanders.

Such benefits are partially suspended for Qataris as a result of the Saudi-led blockade of the country. In some countries, citizens or residents have access to automated facilities not available to foreigners.

The gates use facial recognition technology to verify the user's identity by comparing the user's facial features to those recorded in the photograph stored in the chip in their biometric passport.

British citizens, European Economic Area citizens and citizens of Australia , Canada , Japan , New Zealand , Singapore , South Korea , Taiwan and the United States as well as Chinese citizens of Hong Kong who are enrolled in the Registered Traveller Service, [] can use ePassport gates, provided that they are aged either 18 and over or 12 and over travelling with an adult and holding valid biometric passports.

They are currently available to citizens of Switzerland and the European Economic Area with electronic passports aged 18 or over. There are proposals to extend the service to non-European citizens. Irish Passport Cards can not be used. The e-Channel is an automated border control facility available at airports in Hong Kong and Macau , and at land borders between the mainland and the Special Administrative Regions.

It is open to Chinese citizens with permanent residence in the appropriate regions, and to selected foreign nationals. A similar automated entry system, eGate, exists in Taiwan providing expedited border control for Taiwanese nationals [l] as well as certain classes of residents and frequent visitors.

Users simply scan their travel documents at the gate and are passed through for facial recognition. South Korea maintains a programme known as the Smart Entry Service, open for registration by South Koreans aged 7 or above and by registered foreigners aged 17 or above. CARIPASS is accepted as a valid travel document within and between participating member states and will allow cardholders to access automated gate facilities at immigration checkpoints that will use biometric technology to verify the user.

Membership requires approval by Canadian and U. A NEXUS card can also be utilised as a travel document between the two countries and entitles passengers to priority border control facilities in Canada and Global Entry facilities in America. Free and Secure Trade or FAST is a similar programme for commercial drivers and approved importers, reducing the amount of customs checks conducted at the border and expediting the border control process.

Global Entry is an programme for frequent travellers that enables them to utilise automated border control facilities and priority security screening. In addition to U. When entering the U. Enrolled users must present their machine-readable passport or permanent residency card , and submit their fingerprints to establish identity.

Users then complete an electronic customs declaration , and are issued a receipt instructing them to either proceed to baggage claim , or to a normal inspection booth for an interview.

Participants may clear U. Viajero Confiable is a Mexican programme similar to Global Entry that allows expedited border controls in Mexico. SmartGates located at major Australian airports allow Australian ePassport holders and ePassport holders of a number of other countries to clear immigration controls more rapidly, and to enhance travel security by performing passport control checks electronically.

Travellers require a biometric passport to use SmartGate as it uses information from the passport such as photograph, name and date of birth and in the respective countries' databases i. The system can currently only be used by travellers 12 years of age or older, however a trial is under way that may potentially lower the age of eligibility to use eGate for people with an eligible ePassport from 12 years of age to 10 years of age. New Zealand eGates utilise biometric technology, comparing the picture of your face in your ePassport with the picture it takes of you at the gate in order to confirm your identity.

To make sure eGate can do this, travellers must make sure they look as similar to their ePassport photos as possible and remove glasses, scarves and hats that they were not wearing when their passport picture was taken. Customs, Biosecurity and Immigration officials utilise information provided at eGates, including photos, to clear travellers and their items across New Zealand's border.

Biometric information is kept for three months before destruction but other information, including about movements across New Zealand's border is kept indefinitely and handled in accordance with the Privacy Act , or as the law authorises. This might include information being used by or shared with other law enforcement or border control authorities. This is an online application and a further toolkit and requirements for airlines and travel agents can be downloaded from the New Zealand Immigration website.

The enhanced-Immigration Automated Clearance System eIACS is available at all checkpoints for Singapore citizens, permanent residents, foreign residents with long-term passes and other registered travellers.

Foreign visitors whose fingerprints are registered on arrival may use the eIACS lanes for exit clearance. It provides visa exemptions and access to expedited border control facilities.

ABTC holders are eligible for expedited border control at Canadian airports but not for any visa exemptions. Taiwanese nationals , and Chinese citizens from Hong Kong , and Macau are required to use special internal travel documents to enter the mainland.

Some countries maintain border controls between their own and claimed territories. These are not uncommon in some parts of Asia. For example, minority regions in India and China often require special permits i.

In some cases, these restrictions are not limited to foreigners. For instance, certain minority areas of India additionally require Indian citizens to possess an Inner Line Permit to enter.

Internal air and rail travel within non-autonomous portions of India and mainland China also generally requires travel documents to be checked by government officials as a form of interior border checkpoint. For such travel within India, Indian citizens may utilise their Voter ID , National Identity Card , passport, or other proof of Indian citizenship whilst Nepali nationals may present any similar proof of Napali citizenship.

Meanwhile, for such travel within mainland China, Chinese nationals from the mainland are required to use their national identity cards. Within China, extensive border controls are maintained for those travelling between the mainland , special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau , and areas controlled by the Republic of China. For Chinese nationals including those with British National Overseas status , there are special documents [o] for travel between these territories.

Internal border controls in the Chinese Special Administrative Regions have also meant that immigrants from the mainland require a One Way Travel Permit , the issuance of which is controlled by the mainland government, thus giving that region of China greater control over emigration rather than by Hong Kong or Macau as would be expected of border controls aimed at curtailing immigration.

Another example is the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak , which have maintained their own border controls [] since joining Malaysia in The internal border control is asymmetrical; while Sabah and Sarawak impose immigration control on Malaysian citizens from other states, there is no corresponding border control in Peninsular Malaysia , and Malaysians from Sabah and Sarawak have unrestricted right to live and work in the Peninsular.

For social and business visits less than three months, Malaysian citizens may travel between the Peninsular, Sabah and Sarawak using the Malaysian identity card MyKad or Malaysian passport , while for longer stays in Sabah and Sarawak they are required to have an Internal Travel Document or a passport with the appropriate residential permit.

Meanwhile, in Bhutan, a microstate accessible by road only through India, there are interior border checkposts primarily on the Lateral Road and, additionally, certain areas require special permits to enter, whilst visitors not proceeding beyond the border city of Phuentsholing do not need permits to enter for the day although such visitors are de facto subject to Indian visa policy since they must proceed through Jaigaon.

Individuals who are not citizens of India, Bangladesh, or the Maldives are not allowed to proceed past Phuentsholing by land and are instead required to arrive by air at the country's sole international airport in Paro , which has flights from India and other countries in the Greater India region such as Thailand, Singapore, and Nepal. The most restrictive internal border controls are in North Korea.

Citizens are not allowed to travel outside their areas of residence without explicit authorisation, and access to the capital city of Pyongyang is heavily restricted. Data page of a booklet type internal travel document issued by Taiwan authorities to a Mainland Chinese resident.

Internal travel document for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong or Macau to enter the mainland. Malaysian entry stamps specify which jurisdictions i.

West or Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak the bearer is permitted to enter, and there are immigration checks when entering each. The Tibet Travel Permit, required to enter the Tibet Autonomous Region , is an example of internal border controls in minority regions of China and India.

An example from Europe is the implementation of border controls on travel between Svalbard , which maintains a policy of free migration as a result of the Svalbard Treaty and the Schengen Area, which includes the rest of Norway.

Other examples of effective internal border controls in Europe include the closed cities of certain CIS members, areas of Turkmenistan that require special permits to enter, restrictions on travel to the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in Tajikistan, and depending on whether Northern and Southern Cyprus are considered separate countries the Cypriot border.

Similarly, Iraq's Kurdistan region maintains a separate and more liberal visa and customs area from the rest of the country, even allowing visa free entry for Israelis whilst the rest of the country bans them from entering. Denmark also maintains a complex system of subnational countries with autonomous customs policies, since they aren't within the European Union like the Danish mainland.

These are Greenland and the Faroe Islands. These areas do not maintain strict immigration controls with the Schengen Area, but border controls are sporadically enforced for customs purposes. In addition to the numerous closed cities of Russia, [] parts of 19 subjects [p] of the Russian Federation are closed for foreigners without special permits and are consequently subject to internal border controls.

Israeli checkpoints mahsom , hajez also constitute a significant example of internal border controls. An unusual example of internal border controls pertains to customs enforcement within the Schengen area. Even though borders are generally invisible, the existence of areas within the Schengen area but outside the European Union Value Added Tax Area , as well as jurisdictions such as Andorra which are not officially a part of the Schengen area but can not be accessed without passing through it, has resulted in the existence of sporadic internal border controls for customs purposes.

Additionally, as per Schengen area rules, [] hotels and other types of commercial accommodation must register all foreign citizens, including citizens of other Schengen states, by requiring the completion of a registration form by their own hand. This does not apply to accompanying spouses and minor children or members of travel groups. In addition, a valid identification document has to be produced to the hotel manager or staff. A Schengen state is also permitted to reinstate border controls with another Schengen country for a short period where there is a serious threat to that state's "public policy or internal security" or when the "control of an external border is no longer ensured due to exceptional circumstances".

In response to the European migrant crisis , several countries set up internal controls. In , Denmark , worried about the bombings in Sweden , introduced passport controls to Swedish citizens for the first time since the s. Another complex border control situation in Europe pertains to the United Kingdom. Whilst the crown dependencies are within the Common Travel Area , neither Gibraltar nor the sovereign British military exclaves of Akrotiri and Dhekelia are.

The former maintains its own border control policies , thus requiring physical border security at its border with the Schengen Area as well as the implementation of border controls for travellers proceeding directly between Gibraltar and the British mainland. The latter maintains a relatively open border with Southern Cyprus, though not with Northern Cyprus.

Consequently, it is a de facto member of the Schengen Area and travel to or from the British mainland requires border controls.

The Peace Lines in Northern Ireland are a de facto internal border security measure to separate Catholic and Republican communities and Protestant andUnionist communities from each other.

They have been in place in some form or another since the end of The Troubles in , with the Good Friday Agreement. Israeli checkpoint outside the Palestinian city of Ramallah. August Central entry checkpoint to the closed city of Seversk , Tomsk Oblast, Russia. As a consequence of Svalbard's unique immigration status and exclusion from the rest of Norway for border control purposes, the city of Barentsburg is predominantly Russian and hosts the world's second northernmost statue of Lenin the northernmost is in Pyramiden.

Border post between France and Andorra, a microstate that de facto follows Schengen immigration policies and utilises the Euro as its national currency yet is not a part of the European Union VAT and customs areas.

The Italy-Switzerland border is an internal Schengen border, but as seen at this border crossing at Chiasso , there are border control facilities since Switzerland maintains its own customs and tax area. The red lines indicate temporary internal border controls within the Schengen Area. The blue area represents members of the Schengen area, the green area represents European Union members not in the Schengen Area, and the grey area represents the rest of western Europe.

Multiple types of internal border controls exist in America. While the U. American Samoa has its own customs and immigration regulations, thus travelling between it and other U. Virgin Islands are a special case, falling within the U. As a result, there are no immigration checks between the two, but travellers arriving in Puerto Rico or the U.

The city of Hyder, Alaska has also been subject to internal border controls since the U. Since travellers exiting Hyder into British Columbia are subject to Canadian border controls, it is theoretically possible for someone to accidentally enter Hyder from Canada without their travel documents and then to face difficulties since both the United States and Canada would subject them to border controls that require travel documents.

See also Hyder�Stewart Border Crossing. The Cook Islands further maintain a separate nationality law. Additionally, border controls for Tokelau are complicated by the fact that the territory is, for the most part, only accessible via Samoa. It is located in the Chinese mainland on land leased from the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong province. It essentially enables travellers to clear both mainland and Hong Kong border controls in one place, thus eliminating any need for border control on the Hong Kong side of the Shenzhen Bay Bridge.

For cross-border rail passengers, Singaporean exit and Malaysian entry preclearance border controls are co-located at the Woodlands Train Checkpoint in Singapore, whilst Malaysian exit controls are located separately at Johor Bahru Sentral railway station in Malaysia.

The Padang Besar railway station in Padang Besar, Malaysia has co-located border control facilities for both Malaysia and Thailand, although the station is wholly located inside Malaysian territory albeit just metres south of the Malaysia-Thailand border.

The facilities for each country operate from separate counters inside the railway station building at the platform level. Passengers from Thailand entering Malaysia are also processed here, using the same counters as there are no separate counters for processing entries and exits for either country. French entry border control for ferries between Dover and Calais or Dunkerque take place at the Port of Dover , whilst French exit and British entry border control takes place at Calais and Dunkerque.

Border control for rail travel between the United Kingdom and the Schengen Area features significant prescreening. This includes customs and immigration prescreening on both sides of the Eurotunnel , and immigration-only prescreening for the Eurostar between the United Kingdom and stations located in Belgium and France. Eurostar and Eurotunnel passengers departing from the Schengen area go through both French or Belgian exit border control and British entry border controls before departures, while passengers departing from the United Kingdom undergo French border controls on British soil.

They are staffed and operated by U. Customs and Border Protection officers. Travellers pass through U. Immigration and Customs , Public Health , and Agriculture inspections before boarding their aircraft, ship, or train. This process is intended to streamline border procedures, reduce congestion at ports of entry, and facilitate travel between the preclearance location and U.

These facilities are present at the majority of major Canadian airports, as well as selected airports in Bermuda, Aruba, the Bahamas, Abu Dhabi [] and Ireland. A preclearance facility is currently being planned at Dubai International Airport []. Citizens of the Bahamas who enter America through either of the two preclearance facilities in that country Sailing Boats For Sale Western Australia Yahoo Finance enjoy an exemption from the general requirement to hold a visa as long as they can sufficiently prove that they do not have a significant criminal record in either the Bahamas or America.

All Bahamians applying for admission at a port-of-entry other than the pre-clearance facilities located in Nassau or Freeport International airports are required to be in possession of a valid visa. In some cases countries can introduce controls that functions as border controls but aren't border controls legally and don't need to be performed by government agencies.

Normally they are performed and organised by private companies, based on a law that they have to check that passengers don't travel into a specific country if they aren't allowed to.

Such controls can take effect in one country based on the law of another country without any formalised border control prescreening agreement in force. Even if they aren't border controls they function as such. The most prominent example is airlines which check passports and visa before passengers are allowed to board the aircraft. Also for some passenger boats such check are performed before boarding.

Border controls are usually the responsibility of specialised government organisations. Such agencies may oversee various aspects of border control, such as customs , immigration policy, border security, quarantine , and other such aspects.

Official designations, jurisdictions and command structures of these agencies vary considerably, and some countries split border control functions across multiple agencies.

It is one of the five Central Armed Police Forces of the Union of India, it was raised in the wake of the War on 1 December , "for ensuring the security of the borders of India and for matters connected there with".

BSF was created as a Central government-controlled security force to guard all of India's borders, thus bringing greater cohesion in border security. BSF is charged with guarding India's land border during peacetime and preventing transnational crime. The Assam Rifles, one of India's oldest continuously existent paramilitary units, has been responsible for physical controls on the border between India and Myanmar since Consequently, enforcing border controls is a challenge for all three countries, and porous sections of the border between India and Myanmar have historically been common since Myanmar was formerly a part of the British Indian Empire.

The ITBP, which started with 4 battalions, has since restructuring in , undergone expansion to a force of 56 battalions as of with a sanctioned strength of 89, In addition, ICA handles anti-terrorism operations and is responsible for many visa and residence related aspects of border control.

The Directorate General of Immigration is the primary agency tasked with border control in Indonesia. The minister will work closely with the Minister of Public Safety in relation to the administration of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. The unit was founded in , and from to , the unit's duties was done by of Security deputy of NAJA. Before , border control was Gendarmerie 's duty. Border Security Command and Coastal Security Bureau are collectively responsible for restricting unauthorised cross-border land and sea entries and exits, in the early s the bureaux responsible for border security and coastal security were transferred from the State Security Department to the Ministry of People's Armed Forces.

Customs administration related to border controls in the United Kingdom largely fall within the jurisdiction of HM Revenue and Customs. It also considers applications from foreign nationals seeking British citizenship. The Border Force is in charge [s] of physical controls and checkpoints at airports, land borders, and ports. Since 1 March , Border Force has been a law-enforcement command within the Home Office, accountable directly to ministers.

Border Force is responsible for immigration and customs at rail, air and sea ports in the UK and western Europe, as well as thousands of smaller airstrips, ports and marinas. Immigration Enforcement is the organisation responsible for enforcing border control policies within the United Kingdom, including pursuing and removing unlawfully present immigrants.

Most aspects of U. Customs and Border Protection CBP , a division of the DHS , is the country's primary border control organisation, charged with regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting import duties, and enforcing U.

For passengers departing by air from America, TSA screening is the only physical check conducted upon departure. Immigration and Nationality Act Section g allows ICE to enter into agreements with state and local law enforcement agencies, permitting designated officers to perform immigration law enforcement functions, pursuant to a Memorandum of Agreement MOA , provided that the local law enforcement officers receive appropriate training and function under the supervision of sworn U.

Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers. Under g , ICE provides state and local law enforcement with the training and subsequent authorisation to identify, process, and when appropriate, detain immigration offenders they encounter during their regular, daily law-enforcement activity.

United States Citizenship and Immigration Services is responsible for various aspects of border control relating to immigration, including reviewing visa petitions and applications as well as processing asylum claims.

Physical controls on the internationally recognised portions of Pakistan's international borders are managed by dedicated paramilitary units the Pakistan Rangers on the border with India, and the Frontier Corps with Afghanistan and Iran. The Pakistan-administered side of the Line of Control between the Indian and the Pakistan controlled parts of Kashmir is patrolled by the Pakistan Army.

The Pakistan Rangers are a paramilitary law enforcement organisation in Pakistan and have a primary mission of securing important sites such as Pakistan's International Border with India as well as employed in internal security operations, and providing assistance to the police in maintaining law and order. The forces operate under their own separate chains of command and wear distinct uniforms. Most famously each evening, the Pakistan Rangers � Punjab together with their Indian counterparts in the BSF, participate in an elaborate flag lowering ceremony at Wagah border crossing near Lahore.

The Frontier Corps , is an umbrella term for the two western provincial auxiliary forces part of the paramilitary forces of Pakistan along the western provinces of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and are the direct counterparts to the Rangers of the eastern provinces Sindh and Punjab. Each subdivision is headed by a seconded inspector general , who is a Pakistan Army officer of at least major-general rank, although the force Sailing Boats For Sale Victoria Australia Wine itself is under the jurisdiction of the Interior Ministry.

Customs-related border security measures in Pakistan are the responsibility of Pakistan Customs. According to the European Council on Refugees and Exiles ECRE and the British Refugee Council , in written evidence submitted to the UK House of Lords inquiry, Frontex fails to demonstrate adequate consideration of international and European asylum and human rights law including the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and EU law in respect of access to asylum and the prohibition of refoulement.

For this repatriation, a uniform European travel document would ensure wider acceptance by third countries. In emergency situations such Intervention Teams will be sent to problem areas to bolster security, either at the request of a member state or at the agency's own initiative.

It is this latter proposed capability, to be able to deploy specialists to member states borders without the approval [u] of the national government in question that is proving the most controversial aspect of this European Commission plan. The agency acts as a coast guard , border guard , sea rescue organisation and a customs service. The Finnish Border Guard , including the coast guard , is the agency responsible for border control related to persons, including passport control and border patrol.

The Border Guard is a paramilitary organisation, subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior in administrative issues and to the President of the Republic in issues pertaining to the president's authority as Commander-in-Chief e.

The Finland-Russia border is a controlled external border of the Schengen Area, routinely patrolled and protected by a border zone enforced by the Border Guard. Finland's borders with Norway and Sweden are internal Schengen borders with no routine border controls, but the Border Guard maintains personnel in the area owing to its search and rescue SAR duties.

There are two coast guard districts for patrolling maritime borders. In peacetime, the Border Guard trains special forces and light infantry and can be incorporated fully or in part into the Finnish Defence Forces when required by defence readiness. The Border Guard has police and investigative powers in immigration matters and can independently investigate immigration violations. The Guard operates SAR helicopters that are often used in inland SAR, in assistance of a local fire and rescue department or other authorities.

The Border Guard shares border control duties with Finnish Customs , which inspects arriving goods, and the Finnish Police , which enforces immigration decisions such as removal.

The border control is handled by a special group in the police force. Sweden has natural land borders only to Norway and Finland, where there are no border controls, so border surveillance is not done there apart from customs control. Therefore, border control is focused on some fixed control points, during the border control-less Schengen period until mainly airports.

The police quickly educated several hundred semi-authorised border control guards who had to ask the real officers to take over any doubtful case. The customs office and the coast guard can not do formal border controls, but can stop people in doubtful cases and ask police to take over.

After the People's Republic of China resumed sovereignty of the territory in July , Hong Kong's immigration system remained largely unchanged from its British predecessor model. Our editors carefully review all quotations in the text. We also promise maximum confidentiality in all of our services.

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