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Answer: In a decomposition reaction, a single compound breaks down to produce two or more simpler substances. For example:. While, in a combination reaction, two or more substances simply combine to form a new substance.
Question 12 Write one equation each for the decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity. OR Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat or light or electricity for breaking down the reactants. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light and electricity. Question 13 What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions?
Answer: In displacement reactions, a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its solution. In double displacement reactions, two reactants in solution exchange their ions. Question 14 In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved. Question 15 What do you mean by a precipitation reaction? Explain by giving examples. Answer: A reaction in which an insoluble solid called precipitate is formed that separates from the solution is called a precipitation reaction.
Question 16 Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each: a Oxidation and b Reduction. Answer: a Oxidation : The addition of oxygen to a substance is called oxidation. The black coloured compound is copper oxide CuO. The reaction involved is. Question 18 Why do we apply paint on iron articles?
Answer: Paint does not allow iron articles to come in contact with air, water and saves iron articles from damage due to rusting. Question 19 Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Answer: To keep food items fresh and save from getting oxidised, food items are flushed with nitrogen.
Question 20 Explain the following terms with one example each a Corrosion, b Rancidity. Answer: a Corrosion : It is the process in which metals are eaten up gradually by the action of air, moisture or Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Science Chapter 7 Quad a chemical such as an acid on their surface. Example : When iron is exposed to moist air for a long period of time, its surface acquires a coating of a brown, flaky substance called rust.
Rancidity spoils the food materials prepared in fats and oils which have been kept for a considerable time and makes them unfit for eating. Rancidity can be prevented by adding anti-oxidants to foods containing fats and oils. It can also be prevented by flushing fat and oil containing foods with nitrogen before sealing. Question 1 Which of the given statements about the reaction below are incorrect?
Lead is getting reduced b. Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised c. Carbon is getting oxidised d. Lead oxide is getting reduced i a and b ii a and c iii a , b and c iv all Solution: i a and b. Question 2 The above reaction is an example of a i.
Combination reaction ii. Double displacement reaction iii. Decomposition reaction iv. Displacement reaction Solution: iv Displacement reaction. Question 3 What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron fillings? Tick the correct answer.
Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced b. Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced c. No reaction takes place d Iron salt and water are produced Solution: Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced. Solution: An equation for a chemical reaction is an equation in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge is the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on both sides of the reaction.
Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia b. Hydrogen sulfide gas burns in air to give water and sulfur dioxide c. Barium chloride reacts with Aluminium sulfate to give Aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate d. Potassium metal reacts with water to give a potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas Solution: a. Question 6 Balance the following chemical equations. Question 8 Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type of reaction of each case.
Solution: a. Question 9 What is meant by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Solution: An exothermic reaction is one that releases heat. If 1 mole of N 2 molecule reacts with 1 mole of O 2 molecule, the heat of KJ has to be supplied to initiate the reaction to give 1 mole of NO molecule. This means that the bonds between N � N and O � O are so strong that they do not break easily. N 2 has triple covalent bond between the two N atoms.
O 2 has a double covalent bond. Thus energy has to be put into the reaction to break the strong bonds. Thus the above reaction is a good example of an endothermic reaction. Solution: During respiration, glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body to form carbon dioxide and water along with the production of energy.
Write equations for decomposition reactions. Solution: Essentially, decomposition reactions are the opposite of combination reactions. A compound decomposes i. Most decomposition reactions are endothermic. Another example of decomposition reaction is the heating of calcium carbonate sea shells, chalk :. Question 12 Write one equation each for decomposition reactions in which energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity?
Solution: When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give calcium oxide and carbon dioxide:. Write relevant equations for the above? Solution: The difference between the displacement and double displacement reactions is that in a displacement reaction one element displaces another by virtue of it being more reactive whereas in a double displacement two anions and two cations switch places between two compounds respectively.
Thus Zn displaces Cu in the salt form. Zn is more reactive than Cu. Question 14 In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involves displacement by copper metal. Explain by giving examples: Solution: A precipitation reaction is a reaction in which soluble ions in separate solutions are mixed together to form an insoluble compound that settles out of solution as a solid.
This insoluble compound is called a precipitate. An example of a precipitation reaction Aqueous silver nitrate AgNO3 , when added to a solution containing potassium chloride KCl , precipitates a white solid, and silver chloride is observed. Solution: The shiny brown colored element X is copper metal Cu.
When copper metal is heated in air, it forms a black colored compound copper oxide. So, the black colored compound is the copper oxide or copper II oxide, CuO. Question 17 Why do we apply paint on iron articles? Solution: Rust is a soft and porous substance, which gradually falls from the surface of an iron object, and then the iron below starts rusting.
Thus, rusting of iron or corrosion of iron is a continuous process which, if not prevented in time, eats up the whole iron object. So, when we apply paint on iron articles it reduces the rusting of iron. Question 18 Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Solution: Packaging fat and oil containing foods in nitrogen gas can prevent rancidity. When the fat and oil present in food materials gets oxidised in air , their oxidation products have an unpleasant smell and taste.
When it is surrounded by unreactive gas, nitrogen, there is no oxygen of air to cause its oxidation and make it rancid. Question 19 Explain the following terms with one example each. Corrosion b. Rancidity Solution: a. Corrosion is the process in which metals are eaten up gradually by the action of air, moisture or a chemical Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Science Chapter 3 Visa on their surface.
Corrosion is caused mainly by the oxidation of metals by the oxygen of air. Example: Rusting of iron is the most common form of corrosion. This is called rusting of iron. The condition produced by aerial oxidation of fat and oil in food which is marked by an unpleasant smell and taste is called rancidity. Example: Rancidity can be retarded by keeping food in a refrigerator.
The refrigerator has a low temperature inside it. When the food is kept in a refrigerator, the oxidation of fat and oil in it is slowed down due to low temperature. So, the development of rancidity due to oxidation is retarded. Question 20 Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air? Solution: To remove the oxide layer and facilitates rapid burning.
Question 21 Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions. Question 22 Write a balanced chemical equation and state symbols for the following reactions. Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride b.
Sodium hydroxide solution in water reacts with hydrochloric acid solution in water to produce sodium chloride solution and water. Question 24 Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped into it?
Solution: In this reaction, iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution. The deep blue colour of copper sulphate solution fades due to the formation of light green solution of iron sulphate. A red-brown Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Science Chapter 13 Year coating of copper metal is formed on the surface of the iron metal. This displacement reaction occurs because iron is more reactive than copper. Question 25 Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced in the following reactions. The addition of oxygen is Called oxidation.
So the substance that is oxidized is sodium Na. In this reaction, copper oxide CuO gives the oxygen required for the oxidation of hydrogen; therefore, copper oxide is the oxidizing agent. Hydrogen is responsible for removing oxygen from copper oxide; therefore, hydrogen is the reducing agent here. Question 1: Explain the process of nutrition in amoeba with the help of diagrams.
Answer 1: Engulfing of Food: Amoeba obtains food by phagocytosis a type of holozoic nutrition. Amoeba engulfs the food by forming pseudopodia. Two pseudopodia start growing from opposite sides of food particle. They completely encircle the food and their lips touch each other. The membranes of both the pseudopodia dissolve at the point of touching and the food is encaptured into the Amoeba one cell body in a bag known as food vacuole. Digestion of food: Inside the food vacuole, complex substances of the food are broken down into simpler ones.
The digested simple substances diffuse from food vacuole into cytoplasm. The remaining undigested material is moved near the surface of the single-celled body of amoeba and thrown out. Example of other unicellular organisms are Paramoecium and Euglena. Pseudopodia also help amoeba in locomotion. Question 2: a Where are salivary glands located in human beings?
State the role of saliva in the digestion of food. Answer 2: Salivary glands secrete their secretion called saliva in the mouth cavity. There are three pairs of salivary glands located in the mouth. Saliva Amylase enzyme. Role Or Function of saliva: 1. Saliva moisten the food thus help in chewing of food by the teeth. Human saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that converts starch into maltose a sugar. Saliva also helps in swolling and passage of food chewed food through the food canal which has soft lining.
Thus, it is necessary for them to separate oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood, so that their circulatory system is more efficient and can maintain their constant body temperature.
Some finger like projection are present in the inner wall of small intestine. Write their name. Why are they important? Which is the internal energy reserve in plants? Do the animals have the same energy reserve? Justify your answer. What are nutrients? Explain the structure of stomata. Write functions of guard cells. Write major functions of stomata present in the epidermis.
Stomata remains closed during the day in desert plants. How they get carbon dioxide for photosynthesis? Explain parasitic mode of nutrition with two examples. How does nutrition takes place in Paramoecium? What is emulsification? Important Questions on 10th Science Chapter 6 How are fats digested in our bodies?
Where does this process take place? Fats are present in the form of large globules in the small intestine. The small intestine gets the secretions in the form of bile juice and pancreatic juice respectively from the liver and the pancreas.
The bile salts from the liver break down the large fat globules into smaller globules so that the pancreatic enzymes can easily act on them. This is referred to as emulsification of fats. It takes place in the small intestine. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands, located under the tongue. It makes the food soft for easy swallowing.
It contains a digestive enzyme called salivary amylase, which breaks down starch into sugar. How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?
The alveoli are the small balloon-like structures present in the lungs. The walls of the alveoli consist of extensive network of blood vessels. The alveolar surface when spread out covers about 80 m2 area. This large surface area makes the gaseous exchange more efficient.
What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies? Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment that transports oxygen to the body cells for cellular respiration. Therefore, deficiency of haemoglobin in blood can affect the oxygen supplying capacity of blood. This can lead to deficiency of oxygen in the body cells. It can also lead to a disease called anaemia.
Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans? In multi-cellular organisms, all the cells may not be in direct contact with the surrounding environment.
Thus, simple diffusion will not meet the requirements of all the cells. What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive? Any visible movement such as walking, breathing, or growing is generally used to decide whether something is alive or not. However, a living organism can also have movements, which are not visible to the naked eye.
Therefore, the presence of molecular movement inside the organisms used to decide whether something is alive or not. What are outside raw materials used for by an organism? An organism uses outside raw materials mostly in the form of food Since life on earth depends on carbon based molecules, most of these food sources are also carbon-based and oxygen. The raw materials required by an organism can be quite varied depending on the complexity Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Science Chapter 9 Time of the organism and its environment.
What is the role of the acid in our stomach? Role of the acid HCl in our stomach: Kills germs present in the food and makes the food acidic, so that pepsin can digest protein. How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food? The small intestine has millions of tiny finger-like projections called villi.
These villi increase the surface area for food absorption. Within these villi, many blood vessels are present that absorb the digested food and carry it to the blood stream. From the blood stream, the absorbed food is delivered to each and every cell of the body.
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