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82 Wooden Ships/Building ideas | wooden sailboat, boat, sailing ?? Scale Assembling Building Kits Ship Model Wooden Sailboat Toys Harvey Sailing Model Assembled Wooden Kit DIY Ship Model Gift myboat269 boatplansress. Some of the more recent large ships were never able or intended to leave their berths, and function as floating museums. Finally, not all of the claims to the title of the world's longest wooden ship are credible or verifiable. A further problem is that especially wooden ships have more than one "length". Ship and boat building in Whitby was a staple part of the industry of Whitby, North Yorkshire, England between the 17th and 19th myboat269 boatplansng continued throughout the 20th century but on a smaller scale both in terms of output and overall size of the vessels being built.
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Trafalgar and the Spanish navy. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press. ISBN Argo, la galera real de Don Juan de Austria en Lepanto. Majapahit Peradaban Maritim. Jakarta: Suluh Nuswantara Bakti. London: The Hakluyt Society. Trading Ships of the South China Sea. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient.

Church, pp. Harrasowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, Ark of Noah Foundation. Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World. University of Texas Press. ISBN X. Archived from the original on Retrieved Oxford University Press. Greek and Roman oared warships.

Oxford: Oxbow Books. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Warington May 16, Journal of the Society of Arts. Archived from the original on June 9, Retrieved 23 September Largest wooden ships. Doty Iosco George Spencer Continental. Categories : Lists of ships Longest things Transport-related lists of superlatives World records.

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Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. This ship had a tendency to flex in heavy seas, causing the planks to twist and buckle due to their extreme length despite being fitted with metal bracing. Water was evacuated nearly constantly by steam pumps. It foundered in heavy seas with loss of all hands.

A paddle steamer used to ferry passengers and trains across the Carquinez Strait between Benicia and Port Costa, California. At the time of its construction, it was the largest ferryboat ever built. Unlike its later sister, the Contra Costa which had a steel hull, the wooden-hulled Solano had tall masts in the center of mass "hogposts" anchoring several wires "guys" that strengthened the hull against the weight of the trains.

Largest wooden ship of the line ever launched, with guns. In , she had her steam engines removed and was relegated to training duties. USS Dunderberg later Rochambeau. About 50 feet 15 m of her length was a ram.

She was not particularly stable or seaworthy and only made one oceanic voyage to reach her new owners. First timber ship or disposable ship [2] with a four-masted barque rigging. Built in Quebec to avoid taxes on timber, her cargo and components were intended to be sold after the ship's arrival in London ; however, the owner had only the cargo sold and ordered the ship back for a second voyage with a timber cargo; the ship broke apart and sunk in the English Channel.

Caligula's Giant Ship. Traces of this Roman barge were found during the construction of Leonardo da Vinci International Airport at Fiumicino, Italy , just north of the ancient port of Ostia. According to Pliny , this or a similar ship was used to transport the obelisk in St. Peter's Square from Egypt on the orders of Emperor Caligula. A barge built for use on the Great Lakes. To strengthen the wooden frame and hull, steel keelson plates, chords, and arches were included, and was also diagonally strapped with steel.

A donkey engine powered a pump to keep the interior dry. Great Republic later Denmark. The largest wooden clipper ship ever built. It used iron bolts and was reinforced with steel, including ninety foot 11 m 4x1-inch cross braces, and metal keelsons.

Sister British warships that suffered structural problems due to their length despite having internal iron strapping to support the hull. It saw action at the French conquest of Tunisia. William D. Largest wooden cargo ship ever built in Canada. It passed to Norwegian ownership in and was converted into a barge in Sank while under tow at Dakar. A wooden-hulled central battery ironclad that served in the French Navy's Mediterranean Squadron.

Belyana type ships. Belyana s were Russian freshwater ships used for log driving on the Volga and Vetluga rivers. Their bottom was made from fir and sidings from pine and featured a complement of 60 to 80 workers. The largest Belyana s could transport up to 13,, kilograms 29,, lb of logs all stacked on their deck in the form of an inverted pyramid.

Morrow until A huge four-masted barque with skysails of a total length of ft m and 3, GRT. In she was under the command of Captain Jabez A.

Amesbury when she caught fire while loading at the anchorage of Noumea and burned to the waterline. This ship used iron bolts and steel reinforcements.

A Great Lakes steamship capable of carrying 3, tons of bulk cargo. Built with metallic cross bracing, keelson plates, and multiple arches because of her extreme length.

Several syphons and steam-driven pumps were required to keep her afloat. Towed the steamer barge Santiago. Baron of Renfrew. This unseaworthy [14] British ship was a disposable ship. Created to avoid taxes on timber, the components were intended to be sold after the ship's arrival from Quebec to London. The ship stranded on the Goodwin Sands and broke apart while being towed with a pilot aboard. Parts of her timber were found on the French coast. Frank O'Connor [15].

A steam screw operating on the Great Lakes, it required an innovative iron and steel-reinforced hull to be a viable vessel. A steamboat with twin, foot paddlewheels that carried railcars, cars and passengers across San Francisco Bay. A lake freighter that sank on September 2, , on Lake Superior with the loss of all hands.

A lake freighter that sank on Lake Michigan with the loss of all hands. Her wreck was located in HMS Bellerophon. A Royal Navy central battery ironclad. It served in the Channel Fleet and North America. Haian Yuyuen. Twin steam-powered frigates of the Imperial Chinese Navy , and the largest vessels built in China until the s. Yuyuen was sunk in action during the Sino-French War ; Haian survived, but was hulked after being used as a blockship in the same war, and was scrapped years later.

Sagunto also Amadeo I. Designed as a gun screw-propelled frigate but turned into an armored frigate during construction. The hull was wooden but fully covered by iron plates. Turned into a hulk in A gun frigate of the Portuguese Navy. It became a training ship in and was permanently moored at Lisbon after Despite this, it was named the flagship of Portugal's European squadron in Two years later it became a naval school and museum ship.

It is currently displayed in Almada. A Spanish armored frigate built in Cartagena with a wooden hull covered by iron plates. Became a torpedo training ship in Cutty Sark [20].

Built as one of the last and fastest clippers for the tea trade with China, it switched to transporting wool from Australia after the Suez Canal was built. It was sold to a Portuguese company and used as a cargo ship between and , when it was reacquired by British citizens and eventually restored for exhibition.

Sister ships reputed at once to be the heaviest wooden ships ever built, the fastest steaming wooden ships, and the slowest-sailing ironclads in the Royal Navy. Both served in the Channel Fleet and the Mediterranean Squadron.

Lord Clyde was plagued with engineering problems and was sold for scrap after it run aground and its hull was found to be rotten. Lord Warden had a more distinguished career, serving in the Reserve at the Firth of Forth after leaving the Mediterranean. A Spanish ironclad with a wooden hull covered entirely by iron plates.

It served mostly in the Caribbean. HMS Galatea. First armored frigate built in Spain, in the Ferrol royal shipyard , with a wooden hull covered by iron plates. She burned as a result of sabotage during the Cantonal Revolution. A Kuwaiti non-seagoing model of a dhow , reputed to be the largest ever built. Lost in a heavy storm three days after leaving Noumea, New Caledonia , for Delaware with a cargo of 3, tons of nickel ore.

This ship used also iron bolts and steel reinforcements. It sank at night, due to unruly weather, but without loss of life or cargo. It was equipped with an 8-boiler steam engine and a propeller that could be retracted to streamline the hull when sailing under sail only. It saw action during the Crimean War , and was used as a school ship after Morning Light later Jacob Fritz. Largest vessel in British North America at the time of its construction. Sold to a German company in , and found wrecked and abandoned north of New Jersey , in Sister gun ships that were the last commissioned three-deckers ships of the line of the Royal Navy.

The hulls were strapped with diagonal iron riders for extra stability, and they combined sail propulsion with a two-funnel marine steam engine that made them among the fastest ships of the line ever built. This galleon featured guns, and space for marines and a man-strong crew. She was the largest ship of her time. First ocean-going ironclad, developed in response to the use of explosive shells in the Crimean War. A full-rigged ship intended to be the largest wooden ship built in Canada, but the hull had to be shortened after the keel's timber was damaged during construction.

It transported cargo between South America and Australia, and between the United States and Canada, during her career. HMS Algiers. A screw-propelled, gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched after several changes in design since first conceived in Saw action at the Crimean War before being transferred to Malta and British home waters.

A gun ship of the line of the French Navy, the first purpose-built steam battleship in the world, and the first screw battleship. A gun screw-propelled first-rate three-decker line-of-battle ship of the Royal Navy. Renamed in and hulked in Sovereign of the Seas. It wrecked on the Strait of Malacca while covering the route between Hamburg and China. It the largest warship in the world for several years. The ship-of-the-line that was 76 m ft long with a beam of 21 m 69 ft , was armed with cannon on three decks with complement of 1, She participated in many naval battles, including the Siege of Sevastopol � during the Crimean War.

A paddle steamer that was the second steamship built for the trans-Atlantic route and the largest passenger liner at the time it was built. HMS Atlas later Atlas. A gun second rate ship of the line that was never completed and spent her entire career in reserve and later, as a civilian-owned hospital ship.

City of Adelaide [24]. A clipper ship built to transport passengers and goods between Britain and Australia. In she became a floating hospital, and between and she served in the Royal Navy as a school ship, HMS Carrick.

After being displayed in Scotland for decades, it was moved to its namesake Port Adelaide in County of Yarmouth. A full-rigged ship built for trade with South America. It was dismasted and set to be broken up in , but it was purchased in the last moment by the Argentinian Navy. Its later fate is unknown. SS President. The largest passenger liner in the world, and the first steamship lost on the trans-Atlantic route when it disappeared on its third voyage with all people on board.

George Spencer. A lake freighter built to carry iron ore on the Great Lakes. She wrecked in the infamous Mataafa Storm of Keangsoo later Kasuga. A paddle steamer commissioned in the Isle of Wight by Prince Gong of the Qing Dynasty for use in the Taiping Rebellion , but never delivered as the British crew refused to take orders from Chinese officers. HMS Royal Sovereign.

Designed as a gun first rate ship of the line but modified to a gun screw ship during construction. In , she was razed and further converted to an experimental armored turret ship for coastal defence , the first built in Britain as well as the smallest and only with a wooden hull. Sister gun screw-propelled, first rate ships of the line of the Royal Navy.

Conqueror was wrecked in the Bahamas while carrying troops to the French Intervention in Mexico , but all aboard could be saved. Donegal served in Mexico, Liverpool and China until , when it was hulked and merged into the Torpedo School at Portsmouth under the name Vernon. Scrapped in , some of her timbers were used to build the Prince of Wales public house in Brighouse. Michael later Grande Nef d'Ecosse. Second Nemi ship.

Believed to have been used as a pleasure barge or floating palace by Caligula. First gun screw two-decker ship of the line of the Royal Navy. It later served as inspiration for the slightly longer HMS Conqueror. Saw action at the Crimean War. Lealtad class. Three sister steam and sail-powered armored frigates with wooden hulls that served in the French Intervention in Mexico , the Chincha Islands War and the Cantonal Revolution. Great Western.

A steamship designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel for regular transatlantic steam "packet boat" service. In addition to the paddle wheels, she carried four masts for supplementary propulsion and stability. Ville de Nantes class.

A prestige flagship of the English Royal Navy , designed as a gun first-rate ship of the line but launched with guns at the insistence of Charles I. Her most extravagant decoration earned her the nickname of "Golden Devil". A screw-propelled steam frigate of the Royal Danish Navy , it saw action at the Battle of Heligoland Currently preserved in Ebeltoft. Agamemnon was one of two ships used to lay the first Transatlantic telegraph cable in Victor Emmanuel served in the English Channel, Mediterranean and Africa during the Anglo-Ashanti wars before it was stationed as a hospital and receiving ship in Hong Kong , in Agamemnon was broken up in and Victor Emmanuel was sold out in First Nemi ship.

A slightly smaller ship discovered in Lake Nemi and built around the same time as the second ship; its purpose is unknown. Also destroyed in World War II. HMS Victory. A gun ship of the line of the Royal Navy.

Oldest naval ship still in commission and the only remaining ship of the line. Currently in dry dock at Portsmouth as a museum ship.

It is the flagship of the First Sea Lord. A warship sunk on her maiden voyage when a gale forced water onto the ship; she fell over on her port side and sank. The ship was well preserved and recovered relatively intact in She is now in the Vasa Museum in Stockholm , Sweden. Joseph H. A cargo ship wrecked and looted by locals off the coast of Torquay , Australia. Twelve Spanish sister ships of the line built in the Ferrol royal shipyards under supervision of the Marquis of Ensenada and nicknamed "the Twelve Apostles ".

They had between 68 and 74 guns each. Royal Albert. A gun three-decker of the Royal Navy, designed as sail-powered only but converted to screw propulsion during construction. Britannia class. Wooden paddlers that were the first fleet of the Cunard Line and the first year round scheduled Atlantic steamship service, with a capacity for passengers.

Most units were sold to different European navies in � Twin sister ships of the line, the last built in Spain. Isabel II served in Mexico and Morocco before becoming a school ship in , a hulk in , and a prison ship in ; she sunk in but was salvaged and broken up. HMS Queen. Refitted and converted to screw propulsion in Grace Dieu. An English carrack used as King Henry V 's flagship. She burned after being hit by lightning. HMS Princess Royal. A three-masted barque.

The beached ship burned to the waterline in , but the lower hull was buried and preserved in river silt. Named after the French frigate but built following the plans of the British frigate HMS Concorde , both smaller. Construction started in and used mostly traditional tools and techniques.

Kong Sverre. A steam and sail powered frigate of the Royal Norwegian Navy originally planned to be "Europe's Horror", the most technologically advanced warship in the world. However, after several delays in construction, it was found already obsolete at the time of launch and it spent most of its career in storage at a harbor.

It was a school ship between and , when it was put again in storage due to poor maintenance, and was never fit for service again. Largest three-decker of the French Navy and largest tall ship ever built in France. Unlike other sail ships of its time, it was never modified for steam power despite being difficult to manoeuvre, and often had to be towed by smaller steam ships during its service in the Crimean War.

It was turned into a school ship in USS Pennsylvania. Largest and most heavily armed American wooden sailing warship. It mounted guns and made only one voyage. After being laid up at the Norfolk Navy Yard for several years, it was burned to prevent its capture by the Confederates at the start of the American Civil War.

The last Canadian square-rigger barque of large tonnage, built for trade with South America and Britain. It was made of spruce but fastened with copper and iron. Converted to a transport ship in World War I and sunk during a storm off the coast of Wales in Built as a prototype for a new German Navy class of ocean-going minesweepers with an all- glued laminated timber hull that never entered production.

It served as a trials ship until , when it was rebuilt as a training and support vessel for mine-clearing divers, renamed and recommissioned in this capacity. Caledonia class. Originally sail-powered, they were all converted to steam in the s. Rodney class. Three gun second rate ships of the line.

They were among the last unarmored ships of the Royal Navy to be in full commission. Albion class. Hercule class. The first were sail powered only; later units were converted to steam, and the last one was built with an engine. USS Constitution. The second-oldest commissioned warship after the Royal Navy's HMS Victory in the world and the oldest wooden ship still sailing. A gun first-rate triple-decker of the Royal Navy.

Served as a gunnery ship off Plymouth after Nelson class. All three units built were sail-powered only originally, though the first HMS Nelson was given a steam engine in Royal Louis. A gun First-rate ship of the line of the French Royal Navy. Duquesne Tourville. Sister gun sail and steam ships of the line that were used in the Crimean War and the French Intervention in Mexico.

Later on, Duquesne was used as floating barracks, and Tourville as a prison ship for survivors of the Paris Commune. One of the few four-deckers ever built with guns. Despite this, it saw extensive action in the American Revolutionary War and the Napoleonic Wars , even surviving and escaping successfully after being attacked by four warships and losing all her sails at the Battle of Cape St.

It was ultimately captured and scuttled after the Battle of Trafalgar. An extreme composite clipper, built to replace the ship of the same name wrecked the year before, which had been the favorite of the company owner, Jock Willis.

Disappeared while sailing from Adelaide, Australia to London. After sustaining great damage in the Battles of Barfleur and La Hougue , it docked at Cherbourg for repairs, where it was surprised and subsequently destroyed.

USS Constellation. A sloop-of-war and the last sail-only warship designed and built by the US Navy. The second Constellation served in the American Civil War. Fu Po. It was hulked in , but was refitted for service in as a response to piracy.

Suffren class. A gun ship of the line design of the French Navy, first to have straight walls instead of tumblehome. The great bulk of it, catching the wind ahead of the mast, has the effect of pushing the bow to leeward - making it very difficult to sail close to the wind. Beginning in Hawkins experimented with a design in which the high forecastle is eliminated, proving that a ship with high stern and relatively low bow is faster and more maneuverable.

Hawkins' 'low-charged' design, which acquires the general name of galleon, becomes Building A Wooden Sailing Ship Jst the standard form for all large ships until the late 18th century. In Spanish this type was called carraca or nao , in Portuguese it was called nau which meant simply "ship" , in French it was nef , and English military carracks were called " great ships ".

Catamaran A catamaran from Tamil kattu to tie and maram wood, tree is a type of boat or ship consisting of two hulls joined by a frame. Catamarans can be sail- or engine-powered. Credit for the catamaran is commonly accredited to the paravas, an aristocratic fishing community in the southern coast of Tamil Nadu, India. Catamarans were used by the ancient Tamil Chola dynasty as early as the 5th century AD for moving their fleets to conquer such Southeast Asian regions as Burma, Indonesia and Malaysia.

Catamarans are a relatively recent design of boat for both leisure and sport sailing, although they have been used for millennia in Oceania, where Polynesian catamarans allowed seafaring Polynesians to settle the world's most far-flung islands. Catamarans have been met by a degree of skepticism from some sailors accustomed to more traditional designs. Catboat A catboat alternate spelling: cat boat , or a cat-rigged sailboat, is a sailing vessel characterized by a single mast carried well forward i.

Although any boat with a single sail and a mast carried well forward is 'technically' a catboat, the traditional catboat has a wide beam approximately half the length of the boat, a centerboard, and a single gaff-rigged sail. Some catboats such as the Barnegat Bay type and more Building A Wooden Sailing Ship Value modern catboat designs carry a Bermuda sail. A jib is sometimes added, but this may require a bowsprit, and technically creates a sloop sail-plan.

Chebec The xebec owes much of its design to the earlier galleys and galleasses of the Mediterranean. The root of the name probably comes from an Arabic word for 'small ship', and is rendered into English in three forms: 'xebec', 'chebec', and 'zebec', though the word exists in many other languages as well, indicating its popularity or at least knowledge of its existence in the rest of Europe. These ships had long narrow hulls, and were fitted with oars like their galley predecessors.

They were intended to be fast and maneuverable, whether under oar-power or under sail. The vessel of choice for these pirates in the early days was the galley, whose oars allowed them to overtake merchant vessels caught in light wind. But as time wore on, the trading nations responded to the threat by deploying warships to tackle the corsair problem.

Galleys were swift and carried many men, but were not designed to stand up to the broadsides of modern warships. In response, the Barbary Corsairs evolved their galleys into a new design that would stay competitive with the warships sent against them.

In order to mount broadside guns, they widened the hull for extra deck-room and stability, and they removed many or all of the rowers to make room for broadside guns. These changes shifted the motive power of the vessel away from oar-power and onto the three huge lateen sails. And thus, the graceful and distinctive form of the xebec was born. Their foremasts are typically raked forward, while the main and mizzen were either straight or raked slightly back. The massive lateen yards were so large that they were frequently composed of two spars lashed together -- more like masts than typical yards.

Most xebecs did not have a bowsprit, but their beakheads frequently featured a long prow. A few of the western nations tried square sails on the xebec's mainmast and sometimes even the mizzenmast. The square-rigged mainmast would have topsails and even topgallants, and the mizzen would have a square topsail while still maintaining the lateen lower-sail.

A xebec rigged this way was known as a Polacre-Xebec. Commonly, though, the standard lateen rig for xebecs had a single triangular sail on each mast, and had none of a square rig's topsails or topgallants. The lateen rig offered many advantages over the square rig, the most significant of which was the ability to pinch far closer to the wind than square sails could.

This meant they could both quickly catch up to and quickly flee from square-rigged vessels when sailing close to the wind. The corsairs favored the xebec for its speed and maneuverability, and for its shallow draft which also aided in escaping larger vessels. These qualities were recognized by many of the European navies, and the vessel was quickly adopted into the Mediterranean squadrons as commerce-raiders and anti-piracy cruisers. As warships, xebecs mounted as many as 36 guns on their topdeck.

Depending on the weight of the guns, this made them competitive with naval sloops of war, and even with some of the frigates of the day. The xebec under sail was a beautiful sight, and it is said that the design was one of the fastest and most agile in the Mediterranean. Some of the same qualities that made it so successful in light seas also made it unsuitable for rough weather. The low freeboard and the shallow draught made the vessel vulnerable to swamping, and it would roll heavily on anything more than moderate waves.

Thus, the advantages that the xebec has inland make it a poor choice for open-ocean sailing. Xebecs were also lightly-built vessels. Unlike the massive, bulky timbers of ships of the line, xebecs were delicate and graceful.

They were gazelles, not war-horses. Their tactics in battle reflected this. Xebec captains were loath to engage a foe of equal armament in a gun-battle. Instead, they relied upon their speed, maneuverability, and sweeps to pick their battles, and deposit large numbers of boarders on the decks of their enemies.

The xebec's qualities of speed and shallow draught, and the ability to sail extremely close to the wind, are highly prized by traders as well -- particularly those engaged in the coastal trade and its close cousin, smuggling. While it requires a somewhat larger crew, and has a smaller cargo capacity than other vessels of similar size, its sailing characteristics and combat ability make it an excellent choice for those interested in a swift and powerful coastal vessel.

Historically, the xebec was not well-represented in the Caribbean. It wouldn't have easily made the crossing from Europe, for one thing. A xebec captain risked outright sinking in rough seas and bad weather, far from the somewhat calmer waters of the Mediterranean that the ship was designed for.

Clipper After the Napoleonic War, Europe took some years to return to something approaching normal, and then Sailing ship owners found they had a serious competitor in the new fangled steam ships, and ways had to be found to make them cheaper to operate.

The ships, especially the high speed "Clipper" ships, were best on long runs, where the steam ships could not compete because of the need for frequent re -coaling. The race to England with the first of the years tea crop gave many exciting races and people backed their favourite ships with as much enthusiasm as they back a football team today. Ships came in a variety of shapes and sizes with usually three, sometimes four masts.

The largest ever built was the steel hulled German ship " Preussen " which had 5 masts. She was ft. Typical Length ft Typical Beam 35 ft Typical Depth 20 ft Tonnage 1, tons Cog A broad beam trading vessel used mainly in Europe between the 13th and 15th centuries A single-masted clinker-built vessel used until the 15th century. The first mention of a cog is from AD in Muiden near Amsterdam.

Even though the clinker construction limited the ultimate size of a cog, Thomas Walsingham speaks of great cogs in with three decks and over crew and soldiers. A cog is characterised by high sides, a relatively flat bottom, rounded bilge and a single square sail. Also known as a Cogue. Collier A vessel designed for the coal trade. The only method open to owners of coal mines in the Tyneside area of Northern England to get their coal to London, was by sea.

A large number of cheap to build and cheap to operate ships were required and the type that met these criteria was the Collier Brig. The hull is bluff with no ornamentation, with no beakhead or figurehead. We can assume that life on board was hard, uncomfortable and dirty, dirtier even than was usual in those no too hygienic days.

Even the sails were blackened by coal dust in a few short weeks. They generally arrived at the mouth of the Tyne and were loaded by keel boats that had brought the coal from the pits up river. They were carrying "Black Gold" and often subjected to attacks from Pirates, which forced them to travel in convoy, sometimes with an escort. Soon the scene was set for the North East of England to spawn what became the largest Collier fleet based on one river - the Tyne collier brig was born and reigned supreme in the Pool of London with all the resemblance of a black armada!.

This Geordie fleet became the biggest single group of coordinated shipping ever seen around these shores and in consequence, was also a prime target of Press gangs.

The masts,sails and rigging would be as simple and consistent with strength and longevity. Later brigs were longer and had more conventional bows, all in all they kept London warm for over years. Length 77 ft. Beam 24 ft.

Depth 12 ft. Almost all modern navies use ships smaller than frigates for coastal duty, but not all of them use the term corvette. During the Age of Sail, corvettes were one of many types of smaller warships. They were very closely related to sloops-of-war. The role of the corvette consisted mostly of coastal patrol, fighting minor wars, supporting large fleets, or participating in show-the-flag missions.

The British Navy began using small ships in the s, which were referred to as sloops. The first reference to a corvette was with the French Navy in the s.

Most corvettes and sloops of the 17th century were around 40 to 60 feet 12 to 18 meters in length and weighed 40 to 70 tons. They carried 4 to 8 smaller guns. Corvettes slowly increased in size and capability, until when they reached lengths over feet 30 meters and weight ranging from to tons to metric tons. The ship was feet 54 meters long and carried 24 guns. It was so large that some naval experts consider it a frigate.

It has also been referred to as a sloop-of-war. Cutter The Cutter during the 18th and 19th centuries was a small, single-masted vessel, fore-and-aft rigged, with two or more headsails, a bowsprit, with a mast set further back than in a sloop.

Today the Cutter is a type of vessel employed my many government agencies for maritime law enforcement and customs duties. Dhow Traditional Arab sailing vessel with one or more lateen sails. A larger dhow may have a crew of approximately thirty while smaller dhows have crews typically ranging around twelve. Unfortunately, there is almost no pictorial evidence of early dhows. Most of our knowledge of the dhow's early construction comes to us from the records of Greek and early Roman historians.

Despite their historical attachment to Arab traders, dhows are essentially an Indian boat, with much of the wood for their construction coming from the forests of India. Dinghy A small boat used to travel from a ship to shore, carrying people or supplies. Although sometimes equipped with a single sail, typically this type of vessel is generally only equipped with oars.

Also referred to as a dink or tender. Dory A dory is a small, shallow-draft boat of approximately 5 to 7 m 15 to 22 ft in length. Variant spellings are doree and dorey OED. The British Navy spells it 'dorey'. Lightweight and versatile, these boats are used in the open sea for commercial fishing applications, as well as in whitewater rafting on interior rivers.

McKenzie River Dory versions usually seat from two or three to four people including the oarsman. The hull form is characterized by flat sides angled approx. This curvature is known as 'rocker'. The stern is frequently a raked surface a narrow transom that tapers sharply toward the bottom forming a nearly double-ended boat.

Drakkar The largest of the Viking ships, the Drakkar were used for war and referred to as the "dragon-ships". These were a fairly late invention 11th century and were developed by kings such as Olaf Tryggvasson. Although very effective, they were extremely expensive to build and maintain.

The largest of the dragonships, the Ormen Lange, had a length of feet, a beam of 25 feet, as many as 72 oars, and it could hold a man crew. Drifter Normally used for fishing, uses the tides and winds to cause it to be carried along Dromon As the Western Roman Empire fell to Germanic tribes and its own internal problems, the Roman Empire in the east, called the Byzantine Empire, flourished.

The Byzantine navy transported soldiers and supplies to help recover the Western Empire. The navy relied on fast galleys called dromons, or racers, to accompany and protect the supply ships. Early dromons had a single bank of oarsmen, but Byzantine shipbuilders later incorporated a second level for oarsmen. Dutch Clipper While the majority of the clipper ships sailed under British and American flags, more then a hundred clippers were built in the Netherlands.

These ships were rather medium-clippers than the larger extreme-clipper. In there were eighteen ships totalling tons. Although other sources mention a greater number of ships that can be called medium-clipper. Overall length: feet bowsprit to spaniker boom Hull length: feet transom to figurehead Hull breadth: 30 feet Hull height: 20 feet keel to deck at midship Paint Colors: Black with cream and yellow-goal trim; green, black, and red on deck; copper below waterline Main mast height: feet to keel, above deck line Longest spar: Main yard, 52 feet 8 inches Shortest spar: Mizzen royal yard, 14 feet Length of rigging: 17 miles Number of sails: 21 Sail area: 9, square feet.

These boats were mainly used to fish for herring using drift nets, and were known as herring drifters. Varied in design, they can be categorised by their vertical stem and stern, their long straight keel and wide beam. These attributes made the Fifies very stable in the water and allowed them to carry a very large set of sails. Their long keel made them difficult to manoeuvre in small harbours. Fifies built after were all decked and from s onwards the bigger boats were built with carvel planking, i.

From about onwards sailing Fifies were gradually fitted with engines and converted to motorised vessels. Fire Ship A fire ship is a ship that is filled with explosives, deliberately set on fire and steered or, if possible, allowed to drift into an enemy fleet in order to destroy ships or create panic and make them break formation. Fishing Smack The Smack shown is the type that brought home the fish to Market for most of the 19th Century and even in small numbers up to the Second World War.

The usual Smack was ketch rigged, but the boats varied from Port to Port. Some boats had a topsail on the Mizzen mast, while others might have a bowsprit carrying a jib. Large numbers of these boats could be seen operating in fleets out of places like Brixham, Grimsby and Lowestoft.

The sails were usually red ochre in colour, which made them a picturesque sight in large numbers. Length 66 ft. Beam 18 ft 6 ins Depth 9 ft 6 ins Fluyt A three-masted, square-rigged merchant ship of the 17th century, built by the Dutch to be economical in operation, carrying the largest cargo and smallest crew possible.

It had a wide, box-like hull and a very narrow, high stern. Lightly armed, they were not ideally suited for dealing with pirates and privateers or any other armed conflict. Also known as a Fluyt, Fleut, or Fluit Fly-Boat A 16thth century flat-bottomed Dutch vessel with a very high and ornate stern with broad buttocks, and with one or two masts either square-rigged on both or with a spritsail on the mainmast.

They were of about tons, and mainly used for local coastal traffic. Such sails are also described as fore-and-aft rigged. Frigate Three-masted medium sized square-rigged sailing warship with two full decks, generally with only the upper deck armed with between 28 to 60 guns, used in the 18th and 19th centuries, mainly for escort duties and reconnaissance. The American 'super-frigates' of deviated somewhat from this single gun-deck rule. Beam 48 ft. Tonnage 1, tons Crew Wartime Full Rigged Ship A full rigged ship or fully rigged ship is a square rigged sailing vessel with three or more masts, all of them square rigged.

Sometimes such a vessel will merely be called a ship, particularly in 18th - early 19th Century and earlier usage, to distinguish it from other vessels such as schooners, Barque, Barquentines, brigs etc. Fuste A small ship with both sail and oars. It was fast, long and had a low profile, it was possibly developed from the Tartan. The ship was fast and capable of using both sail and oars. Gaff Rig Gaff rig is a sailing rig configuration of sails in which a sail is a four-cornered fore-and-aft rigged sail controlled at its peak, and usually entire head, by a spar pole called the gaff.

The gaff enables a fore and aft sail to be four sided, rather than triangular, up to doubling the sail area that can be carried by the same mast and boom. Galera 17th century galley, LOA: 55 m ; Width: 8. LOA: 55 m Width: 8. Northern Europe and particularly Dutchusage refers to a small 1 or 2 masted ship with main and mizzen mast lateen rigged and asquare topsail and possibly a top gallant on the main. The hull was characterized by abluff steeply sloped rounded bow, a characteristic of many northern and especiallyDutch ships Galleass A compromise between the oared galley and the galleon, in which oars were retained to provide free movement irrespective of the direction of the wind although masts and sails were also carried.

In order to accommodate the masts and rigging, galleasses had to be built with a greater beam and deeper draught than the galley. They were lateen rigged on two or three masts, but suffered from the inevitable defects of compromise, being unable to carry the more effective square rig of the sailing ship because of the modified galley hull form and also, for the same reason, being unable to retain the speed and maneuverability of the true galley.

Six galleasses were included in the Spanish fleet for the Armada campaign but were unable to accomplish anything in the stormier waters of the English Channel and North Sea. Galleon A large, three or four masted, square-rigged, multi-decked sailing ship used primarily by the nations of Europe particularly by the Spanish and Portuguese from the 16th to 18th centuries.

Whether used for war or commerce, Galleons were generally lightly armed, even for their time. A galleon was a large, multi-decked sailing ship used primarily by the nations of Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. Whether used for war or commerce, they were generally armed with cannons.

Galleons were an evolution of the caravel and carrack or Nao , for the new great ocean going voyages. A lowering of the forecastle and elongation of the hull gave an unprecedented level of stability in the water, and reduced wind resistance at the front, leading to a faster, more maneuverable vessel.

The galleon differed from the older types primarily by being longer, lower and narrower, with a square tuck stern instead of a round tuck, and by having a snout or head projecting forward from the bows below the level of the forecastle. In Portugal at least, carracks were usually very large ships for their time often over tons , while galleons were mostly under tons, although the Manila galleons were to reach up to tons. Carracks tended to be lightly armed and used for transporting booty from the Far East, while galleons were purpose-built warships, and were stronger, more heavily armed, and also cheaper to build 5 galleons could cost around the same as 3 carracks and were therefore a much better investment for use as warships.

There are nationalistic disputes about the origin of the galleon, which are complicated by its evolutionary development, but each Atlantic sea-power developed types suited to their needs, while constantly learning from their rivals. Galley A sea going vessel propelled mainly by oars used in ancient times.

Also the term used for a kitchen on a sea vessel. The oared fighting ship of the Mediterranean dating from about B. Originally propelled by oars arranged on a single level, galleys were developed with oars arranged in banks, or different levels.

The weapon of the galley was the ram, a pointed spur fixed to the bow of the galley on or just below the waterline. In the 16th and 17th centuries guns were mounted on a platform in the bows of galleys, but they could not be trained and had to fire directly ahead. A low, long vessel propelled either by oars or sail. These are the vessels associated with the ancient times of Greece and Rome.

Still in use between and Gallivat 18th century ship propelled by oarsmen and sails, commonly used by the Angrian pirates in the Indian Ocean. A block travels along this wire, and a halyard is attached to this block. This allows the gaff to be raised to the vertical by a single halyard, though another halyard is required at the gaff jaws to control height.

Hermaphrodite Brig The 19th Century brig, with all its variants, was a very popular ship in the shipping world. It was smaller than the ship or barque and so was cheaper to operate. It could be used in all the smaller coastal ports that the coasts of those days seem to have every few miles. The brig had a fine lined hull and brigs like this could be seen in any port in the world.

The Royal Navy retained some brigs right up to the beginnings of the 20th century and they remained as training ships well into the century Length ft. The vessel shown is from a Dutch engraving.

When fishing and bringing in the catch, the centre mainmast and the foremast seem to have been lowered so that the standing rigging would be cleared out of the way and almost the entire length of the ship could be used to work the nets.

Many of the busses Building A Wooden Sailing Ship Names were flush decked, with only limited accommodation below deck for the crew. Length 65 ft. Beam 16 ft. Depth 8 ft. Howker The Hooker or "Howker "as it was often called in England was also called by the French a "Houcre" or "Hourque "and by the Dutch "Hoecker", was another type of small merchant vessel used in the coastal waters of Northern Europe. The hooker was a vessel that varied according to locality or time.

Some hookers had pole masts, while others had the more usual separate mainmast and topmast, with tops, shrouds and the rest. All of the hookers had bluff rounded bows and sterns, with a high rudder and tiller fitted over the bulwarks. Length 87 ft. Beam 22 ft. Depth 9 ft. Tonnage tons Hulk Originally a large ship used either as a transport or for carrying merchandise, particularly in the Mediterranean where hulks ranged up to about tons.

It was contemporary with the carrack and occasionally described as such. In general, any large and unwieldy ship of simple construction with a rounded bow and stern was described as a hulk.

The sails were almost a relic of the Middle ages, while the hull was double ended, flat floored rather boxy type of affair, very good for carrying the maximum amount of cargo on the Yorkshire rivers and canals. A small cabin was located in the extreme stern. Lee boards were fitted and the mast could be lowered so that bridges could be negotiated. A heavy rail was carried round the stern and on this were carried a lifebelt or two, plus navigation lights.

Length 61 ft. Typically, they were 5 metres long, and 1. Often they had metal runners on the sides of the keel. They were outfitted with sails and oars, and could be rowed or paddle across the Strait. When the ice grew too thick, the crew and male passengers in exchange for a lower rate, would pull the boat across the ice. The vessel was equipped with leather harnesses to attach the crew to the vessel while pulling, also protecting them from drowning when the ice gave away.

Ironclad Ironclad warships, frequently shortened to just ironclads, were wooden ships or ships of composite construction wooden planking on iron frames sheathed with thick iron plates for protection against gunfire.

The first uses of iron for naval protection occurred in the Far East in the 16th century, but the heyday of the ironclad came in the midth century, when ironclads supplanted wooden ships, and then were themselves replaced by ships made of steel.

Junk Chinese sailing vessel with varying numbers of masts and whose sails are comprised of bamboo sail battens with a long overhanging counter. The English name comes from Malay dgong or jong, but is also known by the French word "Jonque". Junks were originally developed during the Han Dynasty BCE CE and further evolved to represent one of the most successful ship types in history, and are still in use today. Ketch A two-masted sailing vessel similar in appearance to a yawl but with the mizzenmast stepped forward of the rudder post.

The Ketch is usually fore-and-aft rigged is commonly rigged to have square sails, and has a tonnage ranging from to tons. Often tasked to the role of a bombard vessel. Knorr The most common type of longship, the knorr was the workhorse of Viking cargo ships, the mainstay of the Icelandic traders. The best-known example of a knorr is the Gokstad ship. A knorr could carry up to 20 tons of cargo, or a volume equal to 3 tons of vathmal finely woven homespun wool cloth , or 30 tons of flour-milled grain, or 5 tons of whole-grain barley.

A knorr relied mostly upon its sails, having only 4 to 7 pairs of oars and a crew of 15 to 20 men or less. Unlike the dragonships, the knorr couldn't have oarsmen amidships, for the cargo would be in the way. Consequently the knorr used oars only for specialized tasks, such as docking, or keeping the bow into the wind during a storm.

All longships used a single square-rigged sail made of vathmal secured with ropes made of seal- or walrus-skin. While the dragon-ship could unstep its mast take the mast down for safety or storage , the knorr's mast was fixed and could not be removed. This posed some danger in storm conditions, and the Icelandic annals record the loss of often several cargo ships each year.

These same annals indicate that the lifetime of the knorr was 20 to 30 years when properly cared for and when Ran and Aegir - the deities of sea-storms and drowned sailors - didn't claim a ship as their own. When referring to multiple Knorr vessels, the correct term is "Knerrir" Launch A small boat used to travel from a boat to shore, carrying people or supplies. Typically this type of vessel is only equipped with oars but may were modified as shown on the left with basic sails. Liberty ship An American merchant ship of the late Second World War period, designed for rapid building in large numbers, resulting in the earliest class of welded ships.

Although these ships were not sail powered vessels and therefore really not supposed to be on this list these ships truly embodied the true spirit of the sail ship era and have been included out of respect for that Liburnian With two oar banks. Used from around BC, initially as a pirate vessel. Later adopted by the Romans who used it as a standard warship.

As a pirate, the vessel was usually painted blue-grey as a rudimentary form of camouflage. The liburnian 'liburnidas' was a type of lembos type of warship ; it was a single-banked galley. The Romans borrowed the design from foreign cultures. Originally the liburnian was used for raiding by the 'Liburni', a tribe of seafarers and pirates who invented it.

They used it for raiding on the coast of Illyria, Yugoslavia. They also used it in piracy in the Adriatic and near various islands. It was possibly copied from craft used by the Britons, who themselves had copied a Pictish type of craft from Scotland.

The Romans adopted the design in the first century BC. Sometimes, however, for better oar power, the Romans built the liburnian as a bireme. In later Roman times, the liburnian was a different craft altogether, but the Romans retained the same name as the new craft was also intended for war purposes. The liburnian had several uses: - To sail ahead of the Roman fleet; for reconnaissance, along coasts etc.

Longship Oar powered Viking ship with one square sail constructed for speed Lorcha Sailing vessel with a western style hull and Chinese style rigging Lugger A sailing vessel with a lugsail rig, normally two-masted except when they were used for smuggling or as privateers, when a mizen was stepped right aft.

There is some disagreement as to when the lugger came into use, however, a chart published as early as shows a two-masted vessel with what appears to be a lugsail forward equipped with vangs and a bonnet, a bowsprit, a spritsail, and a lateen mizen sheeted to an outrigger.

Lugsails are also mentioned by many writers of the 16th and 17th centuries. Man of war Term refers to ships armed with cannon and propelled primarily by sails as opposed to a galley � propelled primarily by oars. Developed in the Mediterranean in the 15th century from earlier roundships with the addition of a second mast to form the carrack.

The 16th century saw the carrack evolve into the galleon and then the ship of the line. A first-rate man of war, such as the HMS Victory was armed with or more guns as many as The gun HMS Coronation was a second-rate man of war. A seventy-four, a common ship carrying 74 guns, was a third-rate man of war.

A sixth-rate man of war carried only 20 guns. First and second-rate men of war had three gun decks. It took over 2, oak and elm trees to build a second-rate man of war. Mersey Flat Two masted, doubled-ended barge with rounded bilges, carvel build and fully decked.

Common from the 's to s. Nao three or four masted sailing ship developed in the Mediterranean in the 15th century. It had a high rounded stern with an aft castle and a forecastle and bowsprit at the stem.

It was square-rigged on the foremast and mainmast and lateen-rigged on the mizzenmast. Nave Lateen-rigged sailing ships, also known as Navi. Strong and swift Spanish ship probably a galley which in the old fleets played a part equivalent to that of the Fragatas. It is double-ended with the mast steeped well forward, painted black with a single gaff sail. Mostly clinker-built, it would carry around 25 tons of goods. Wherries were able to reach larger boats just off coast and take their cargoes off to be transported inland through the broads and the rivers.

Packet The packet ship was the workhorse of the passenger service. It has been said that the packet was born of necessity, because she had to withstand the violence of brutal seas and the stress imposed by hard case masters who strove to keep a schedule under all conditions.

Her crew were often called packet rats because of their dubious backgrounds. Packet ships were sturdy, full-bodied, and somewhat tubby in appearance. In the era of sail, the typical packet measured about 1, tons, a rough indicator of cargo-carrying capacity. In length, these ships averaged about feet, and in breadth, about 35 feet. The largest packet sailing vessel was the Monarch of the Sea, measuring 1, tons and feet long - not quite as long as a Boeing airplane.

In contrast with modern vessels, even this ship was relatively small. Paddle steamer Steam-propelled, paddle-driven vessel, a name commonly applied to nineteenth century excursion steamers. Pantserschip A Dutch ironclad. By the end of the nineteenth century, the name was applied to a heavy gunboat designed for colonial service.

Patache A swift dispatch row-sailing vessel used for courier and reconnaissance service, but sometimes for coastal patrols. Penteconter An ancient warship propelled by 50 oars, 25 on each side. Pinnace Small two masted vessel often used for carrying messages between the larger vessel of the fleet Pinque A small square rigged vessel.

A small square-rigged ship with a narrow and overhanging stern, often used for the carriage of masts. In the 15th and 16th centuries the name was loosely applied to all small ships with narrow sterns, a fairly common design. Also known as a pink. Polacre Type of seventeenth-century sailing vessel, similar to the xebec.

Frequently seen in the Mediterranean. It sports three single-pole masts, often with a lateen hoisted on the foremast which is slanted forward to accommodate the large lateen yard and a gaff or lateen on the mizzen mast. The mainmast is square rigged, after the European style.

Also known as a polacca Pontoon Generic term for a type of boat with a flat deck attached to airtight flotation tubes or logs. This very basic boat design has existed in one form or another throughout all of human history. Uses for this class of vessel are typically be limited only to local river, canal, or lake uses. Pram A small dinghy, originally of a clinker construction and called in English, as in Danish, a praam. It has a transom at both ends, the forward one usually small and steeply raked in the traditional design.

Proa A Proa is a multihull vessel consisting of two usually unequal parallel hulls, superficially similar to an outrigger canoe.

Found in many configurations and forms, it was developed as a sailing vessel in Micronesia Pacific Ocean , and forms of it may be found as far as Madagascar and Sri Lanka. The word proa comes from perahu, the word for boat in Malay, which is similar to the Micronesian language group. On the upper row three rowers hold one oar, on the middle row - two rowers, and on the lower row - one man to an oar. A fast multiple-masted sailing ship.

Saettia Small lateen rigged Venetian sailing vessel Sampan A sampan is a Asian skiff constructed of wood, ranging from twelve to fifteen feet long and generally propelled by two oars.

Some sampans include a small shelter on board, and may be used as a permanent habitation on inland waters. Schooner A vessel with two or more masts, with fore and aft sails on both masts, normally less than tons, but some of the triple masted schooners built on Prince Edward Island in the 's exceeded tons.

Schooner Fore andAft The Fore and Aft Schooner is a rig that is fairly modern, being popular still for some trades in the Pacific where sailing ships are still employed in small numbers. The chief advantage of this rig was that it was very economical with man power. It became very popular, and some very large schooners were built, the largest being the " Thomas W Lawson " which boasted 7 masts, all the same height, with gear and sails that were more or less interchangeable.

A crew of 16 was able to handle this ship if 5, tons. Length ft Beam 35 ft Depth 12 ft 8 ins Tonnage tons Shallop large, heavily built, sixteenth century boat with one mast carrying fore and aft sails, normally of less than 25 tons. Known to be a fairly frail open boat.

Ship of the line sailing warship of first, second or third rate. That is, with 64 or more guns. Before the late eighteenth century, fourth rates guns also served in the line of battle. Sloop Single masted vessel, fore and aft rigged with at least one jib, of less than 25 tons. Used in modern times primarily for pleasure boating and racing Smack The Smack was an English sailing vessel that was used to bring the fish to Market for most of the 19th Century and even in small numbers up to the Second World War.

The Smack was ketch rigged, but the boats varied from Port to Port. The sails were generally red ochre in colour, which made them a picturesque sight in large numbers.

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