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Boating Basics Glossary of Nautical Terms

One of the most important things to remember, when learning to sail, is to always know where the wind is coming from in relation to the boat. Study the illustrations included to learn the terms for the primary points of sail, which is the position of the boat relative to wind direction. The wind is blowing straight down from the top in this illustration.

All the arrows pointing outward from the circle are directions a sailboat can sail. For example:. Knowing how your boat is positioned relative to wind direction is crucial for how you set the sails and how you position your body weight. For example, the true wind may be blowing exactly across the boat beam reach when the boat is at rest. As it picks up speed, however, it makes its own wind basic sailing boat terms moving forward through the air.

This added wind from the front adds to the wind over the side to produce a combined wind at an angle more from ahead. Thus, the boat may actually be close hauled. All that matters is the resulting apparent wind over the boat and sails.

The easiest way to learn to sail a boat is from a mooring or a permanent anchor line in the water. The wind will blow the boat straight back, such that the bow faces into the wind. To turn the sailboat after it is released from the mooring line, simply push the boom out to either. The wind will now blow against the back of the sail, rather than past it on both sides, and the boat will rotate.

It is a little more difficult to learn to sail off a dock or beach. If the boat is being blown sideways against the dock, it can be almost impossible to get started. In this case, walk the boat to the end of the dock basic sailing boat terms turn it there to face outward into the wind. Then you can back the sail to get started.

As soon as they are tightened up when the wind is coming from the side, the boat will begin to move forward. As basic sailing boat terms as the sails are drawing and the boat is beginning to move, be sure you are sitting on the side of the boat the wind is coming over, basic sailing boat terms of the sails as shown.

The wind against the sails will make the boat heel or lean over, and your weight is needed on the high side to keep the boat from capsizing. As soon as the boat is moving, water is streaming past the rudder and the boat can be steered with the tiller. If you have ever used an outboard motor on a small boat to steer by pushing the motor's tiller arm, then you already know how to steer a small sailboat, since the tiller works the same way.

If you basic sailing boat terms never steered with a tiller before, it takes a bit to Boat Sailing Terms 001 get used to, because it seems to work the opposite of what you might expect. To turn the boat to the left portyou move the tiller to the right starboard. To turn the boat to starboard, you move the tiller to port. Look at how the rudder is hinged to the stern of basic sailing boat terms boat.

Moving the tiller one direction rotates the rudder to the other basic sailing boat terms and water moving against the rudder pushes the stern of the boat the other direction. Use the illustration provided and think through these steps to better understand:.

The sheets pull in and let out the sails. Pulling the mainsheet brings the mainsail basic sailing boat terms to the centerline of the boat. Pulling the jibsheet brings the jib closer to the centerline. Once the boat starts moving forward, position the tiller so that the boat is not turning basic sailing boat terms either basic sailing boat terms. If the sails are loose and flapping, pull in the mainsheet just until the mainsail stops flapping and takes shape; basic sailing boat terms will feel the boat speed up.

After this, pull in the jib sheet until the jib also stops flapping. There is one simple general principle for where to position your sails.

The closer you sail toward the wind close hauledthe more you pull in the sails. The farther you sail off the wind broad reachthe more you let out the sails. Note the photo on the left which shows the sails far out to the side as the boat sails downwind.

The wind here is blowing from right to left. The photo at right shows the sails brought in close as the boat sails upwind. Notice the boat heels over more the closer it sails into the wind. Adjusting the sails using the sheets is called trimming.

You trim a sail to give it the best shape for the direction you are sailing relative to the wind. The leading, vertical edge of the sail is called the luff. When a sail is trimmed perfectly, it is in tight enough that the luff is not shaking or flapping, but not so tight that the wind is simply blowing against one side, making the boat heel over excessively. If the sail is brought in almost tight enough, it will look good at the back edge but the luff will be shaking or not tight.

It does not have a smooth airplane wing shape near the luff. The movement or shaking of the luff that happens when the sail is not quite in tight enough is called luffing. Luffing means the sail is not working as efficiently as it should, and the boat is going slower than it.

The general principle for trimming basic sailing boat terms mainsail perfectly is to let out the mainsheet until the mainsail begins to luff and then pull it in just until it basic sailing boat terms luffing. If a sail is in too tightit can look perfect.

The only way to know is to let it out until it starts luffing and then tighten it just until it stops luffing.

Let out the sheet until its luff starts shaking or flapping, then tighten the jibsheet until it stops. When the sail is in trim, these streamers, called telltales, blow back straight on both sides of the sail. Note the shape of both sails in this photo as the boat moves on a beam reach. A beam basic sailing boat terms is about halfway between the two extremes.

Both sails have the same curve. The space between the jib and the mainsail, called the slot, has even spacing from the front to the back, helping the air flow smoothly between the sails. If the jib was in too tight, or the mainsail out too loose, the narrowing slot would cause air turbulence and slow down the boat. The most important thing about handling a sailboat is always knowing where the wind is. In the first two of these turns, going across the wind, the sails have to cross to the other side of the boat and you have to switch sides yourself basic sailing boat terms keep the boat balanced.

The easiest kind of turn happens when you keep the wind on the same side of the boat�the basic sailing boat terms type. All you have to do is make your turn and then trim your sails to your new course.

As you gain experience, you can adjust your sails at the same time you make the turn. When you prepare to turn either way, always keep one hand on your mainsheet. You may need to let it out quickly when you turn downwind, for example, to prevent being blown over sideways.

Basic sailing boat terms centerboard is a long, thin blade of fiberglass or metal that hangs down in the water near the center of the boat. It is usually hinged on one end and can be raised and lowered while sailing. The photo at left shows the top of the centerboard in the basic sailing boat terms, with the board in the down position. In the photo to the right, you can see the board in the water beneath the boat.

Because the wind blows sideways against the boat and sails, especially the closer the boat sails toward the wind, the boat is blown sideways even as it moves forward.

When the centerboard is down, it is like a keel on a large sailboat and resists this sideways motion. When you are sailing downwind, however, the wind is behind more than to the side and basic sailing boat terms much less sideways push, so the centerboard is not needed. Many sailors, therefore, raise the centerboard when going downwind; basic sailing boat terms less drag in the water, the boat sails faster.

For most sailors, the goal is to sail as fast as possible, whether racing or just having fun. You need to know how to slow basic sailing boat terms boat down sometimes, such as when approaching a dock or mooring or an obstruction. Slowing a sailboat is fairly simple- you just do the opposite of what you do to sail fast with well-trimmed sails. The best way to slow down is to "spill wind" from your sails by letting out the sheets until the sails are luffing, or even further if needed until they start flapping.

This means they're not working efficiently to drive the boat forward and the boat will quickly slow. You need only to tighten up the sheets again to regain speed if you want or continue to let the sheets out until the sails flap uselessly and the boat coasts to a stop.

There is one exception to the "let out to slow" rule: when you're sailing down wind. When you are running, the sail billows forward, and it may not be possible to let the mainsail out far enough to spill wind because the boom hits the shrouds and won't go any father. The sail is still full and the boat moving right. In this case, pull the mainsheet way in to slow the boat. The less sail is thus exposed to the wind, and the boat slows.

Do not try to slow basic sailing boat terms on other points of sail by tightening the mainsheet. On a beam reach, for example, tightening the sheets may slow you but can also drastically increase the boat's heeling, and you could capsize. Instead, let out the sheets. Eventually, you need to stop the boat to dock or moor it after sailing.

This may not be immediately intuitive as boats do not have brakes like cars. It is usually as simple as turning the boat directly into the wind to stop it, as shown in this photo. Depending on how hard the wind is blowing and how fast basic sailing boat terms boat is moving, this generally will stop the boat in one to three boat-lengths.

You can stop or slow a sailboat simply by releasing the basic sailing boat terms. The sails will flap and make an uproar, but the boat will slow and stop� that is unless the wind gets behind the mainsail and pushes the boom against the shrouds, allowing the boat to keep going downwind.

Plan your approach carefully so that you can turn into the wind, regardless of where it is coming from, or can loosen the sheets to coast to a stop. If the wind is blowing directly against the dockfor example, you can sail alongside at a close angle and let the sheets out to slow the boat and coast up, as the wind blows you onto the dock.

After sailing, back on the mooring basic sailing boat terms dock, you will remove the sails and possibly the rudder and other gear.

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Windward is the opposite of leeward the opposite direction of the wind. Sailboats tend to move with the wind, making the windward direction an important sailing term to know. Boom - The boom is the horizontal pole which extends from the bottom of the mast. Adjusting the boom towards the direction of the wind is how the sailboat is able to harness wind power in order to move forward or backwards.

Rudder - Located beneath the boat, the rudder is a flat piece of wood, fiberglass, or metal that is used to steer the ship. Larger sailboats control the rudder via a wheel, while smaller sailboats will have a steering mechanism directly aft. Cockpit: A steering compartment. Current: This refers to a movement of water. Heading: This is the direction a ship is sailing.

Becalm: To stop because of lack of wind. Chart: This refers to a navigational course or to map a route. Bearing: Refers to the direction of an object shown on a chart or sometimes as a bearing relating to the heading of the boat. Ballast: This refers to stabilizing weights placed in the hull of a ship. Anchor: This refers to an object that holds the ship in place. Bail: To throw out rainwater or seawater that has been collected in the ship.

Capsize: To overturn. Headway: The rate of progress in sailing. Manhole: This refers to an opening in a compartment. Overhaul: Prepare a piece of equipment for use. Lookout: Refers to a sailor standing watch. Helm: A steering apparatus. Keel: Central structural basis of the hull.

Ship: To convey a cargo or passenger by ship. Seaworthy: In good condition to be operated. Bank: Refers to a large area of elevated sea floor.

Beam: Refers to the greatest width of the boat. Cabin: This is an enclosed room on a deck. Chine: This refers to the intersection of the bottom and sides of a v-bottomed boat. Cuddy: This is a small sheltered cabin on a boat.

Deadrise: This is referred to as the design angle that is between the keel and the horizontal. Fast: Held firmly. Flank: This is the maximum speed of a ship. Flow: An incoming current. Galley: Refers to the kitchen of the ship. Ground: Refers to the bed of the sea. Lanyard: This is a roped that is used to tie something off.

Log: Means a record of operations. Boom � The boom is the horizontal pole which extends from the bottom of the mast. Adjusting the boom towards the direction of the wind is how the sailboat is able to harness wind power in order to move forward or backwards. Rudder � Located beneath the boat, the rudder is a flat piece of wood, fiberglass, or metal that is used to steer the ship.

Larger sailboats control the rudder via a wheel, while smaller sailboats will have a steering mechanism directly aft. Jibing � The opposite of tacking, this basic sailing maneuver refers to turning the stern of the boat through the wind so that the wind changes from one side of the boat to the other side.

The boom of a boat will always shift from one side to the other when performing a tack or a jibe.

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