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Trailer Frame Material � What Should I Use? � Your DIY Pre-Build Planner
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What materials should I use for building my trailer frame? Also, choices of Aluminum versus Steel. So, which trailer frame material geometry is best? The needs of your circumstances should drive the material picks. Hopefully we can also point out something new along the way. Aluminum vs Steel Part 1 , then the following Comparison Part 2 , are both good reading with a lot of detail.

Also, the Article on Beam Shape is great background for selecting trailer frame material. Honestly, the beam shape article and this one began as one article that got too long. You can think of this article as the application of beam shapes � with an eye toward trailers. In general, there are three types of beam loading: Bending, Sheer and Torque.

To understand them, here are some quick illustrations. Bending is the big one we think about for main beams running front to back on the trailer frame.

Also for cross members going side to side under the cargo. Examples of Shear Forces include areas where the suspension attaches, or where the tongue intersects the front cross member. While Torque loads are not as prevalent in most trailer frames, the effect is still there in some degree. Twisting often is the result of something attached to a frame member and hanging off to the side. A side mount tongue jack for instance. Or when the loading is bias to one corner of the bed.

Interestingly, it is rare that the above loading conditions exist in just one pure form. Usually there are degrees of 2 or all 3 in a beam. Take for example the main beams. There is the obvious bending load, then sheer present in part from the bending, and in part from the cross members that attach to it. Also the suspension loading, tongue attachment, etc.. Then, there is Torque load on the trailer frame material because of the cross members and outriggers if it has them.

True, the primary loading is bending, and normally Torque loading is small, but just know that all is not as simple as it first seems. To do the calculations, there are free resources online. One is at engineeringtoolbox. Start with general calculations, then hone in on the areas that need more attention.

Different portions of the trailer frame have different needs, and that obviously drives part of the decision about trailer frame material. This illustration will work for the discussion, though keep in mind that every frame is a little different.

We will refer back to the beam shapes described in the previous article for most of the below discussion. They are usually the longest beams on the trailer and hold effectively all the weight. Their need for strength is high, then depending on length and trailer type, stiffness also comes into play. Look in the beam shapes chart for those with good vertical strength per weight.

Incidentally, these are often the heaviest pieces in the trailer frame material, but they are not usually the biggest contributor to weight. Another common requirement of main beams is the connection with other systems. They usually connect the other load carrying elements � like the cross members, the tongue, and the axle s. Technically the springs. The prevalent load for main beams is bending, which is illustrated in this colorful analysis image.

The distribution of color shows the highest stress is on the very top and bottom of the beam. See the arrows. In this colorful image you can also the the little zigs in the stress which indicate changes in the shear forces. For shorter-ish trailers, C-Channel and Rectangular Tube are common. Some considerations are ease of connection with other beams, interface with the deck, and painting to avoid corrosion. Tube is great to work with as the full rectangle cross section is easy to fit attaching pieces like cross members.

Some people like Channel because you can bolt directly through it without squishing it � unlike tube. Either can be a good choice, and much depends on how and where the trailer will operate. For longer trailers, I-Beam becomes the shape of choice � particularly tall, narrow flange beams. Cross members are not as long as main beams, nor do they each carry the full cargo load. Typically, cross members span the width of the trailer to support the decking and share the load carrying duties.

Wider trailers generally require stronger cross members. Open section beams like L-Angle or C-Channel work well for cross members because they are easier to bolt through. Simply drill a hole through one wall, then use a nut and bolt. When attaching the decking with bolts, these shapes work well. The open sections are also easy to protect from corrosion paint completely.

When choosing material, consider the loads it will carry. For something like a tractor hauler, the load is applied to the deck in just a few locations, so each cross member must be stronger. However, when hauling rocks or boxes the load spreads much more, and each cross member shares the load.

Your choice of trailer frame material for cross members depends a lot on the intended loading, and the width of the trailer. The special case of the first and last cross members is unique � bed front, or the back one called the bumper depending. Anyway, the cross members connecting the perimeter of the bed usually carry greater load, and therefore, have significance.

The front member transfers a lot of the bed load to the tongue. The back member often acts as a bumper, but also carries the load of nearly everything that comes onto the trailer. Ramps and other loading rely on the back cross member. For the reasons above, these two special cross members are usually stronger than the others. Like the main beams, C-Channel or Rectangular tube are good for this trailer frame material.

One nice benefit of C-Channel in the back. With many trailers the left and right perimeter of the bed are the trailer frame main beams. On others, there are cross member extensions, or outriggers, that extend the bed on each side in front and behind the wheels. The labeled figure near the article beginning illustrates a trailer frame that extends left and right beyond the main beams.

It also shows the frame going up and over the wheels not so obvious in the image. Material selection of all of these areas is important. The photo here shows typical outriggers � as fabricated brackets that are not a standard beam type. These are an example, but this approach is just one possibility. Read more about Outriggers in widening trailers. While beams connecting the coupler to the trailer may seem less important, tongues are usually high stress.

The choice of trailer frame material in this area is critical. In particular, the area where the tongue beam s leave the front cross member. At this point, the loads of the main beams transition to the tongue beams. Additionally, the tongue often carries obnoxious loads like jack knifing or offset jack loads torque.

For the tongue, the ability to carry some twisting loads is important. Rectangular tube and Channel are the frequent choices for Tongue beams. Tube carries torque loads better, but with some cross bracing C-Channel also works very well. Depending on the design of your trailer, if a single center tongue beam is used, angle braces out to the main beams are helpful. Again, all of this depends on the capacity of the trailer and the expected loads.

From an engineering standpoint, that is a critical area for trailer design. As shown in the image near the top of this article, some trailers have a separate perimeter members.

In many trailers the main beams also serve Aluminum Boat Trailer Frame Kit Inc as the side perimeter. The discussion on Perimeter trailer frame material is interesting, because many trailers have outriggers, but not an actual perimeter frame member.

See below for the discussion on commonality, and look at the needs for perimeter members in that light too. If the perimeter members will support things like side rails, the need for torsional strength might be important.

Side rails often have big loads pushing them out, requiring stiffness in the trailer frame where the side rails attach. If, on the other hand, the perimeter serves only as the edge of the bed support, the strength need is significantly reduced.

For a tiny house the primary load on the trailer is placed through the walls onto the trailer at the perimeter. That makes a greater need for strength. For a tiny house, the walls attach to the frame on the edge, so all loading including wind, bumps, lofts, roofs go to the perimeter. Trailer frame material includes a lot of other pieces that depend on the construction and purpose. Perhaps perimeter rails, sides, tailgates, gussets and diagonal bracing. Like the outriggers above, trailer frame material includes all of these extras.

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