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Introduction Which Metal? This essay is intended to bring to light a few of the issues surrounding the use of metal for boats. You can access any of the specific topics via the links. While the pros and cons of various metals expressed here are quite relevant to one's you tube boats to build 70 of hull material, they are also central to the actual process of you tube boats to build 70 and building in metal, whether one chooses in favor of you tube boats to build 70, aluminum, copper nickel, monel, stainless, or what have you The following is therefore not solely aimed at potential metal boat owners, but also at boat builders and designers who may wish to make better use of metal as a structural material for boats.

One of the primary choices one will face when considering metal is just which metal to use, where to use it, and what metals are best suited to each vessel type. To begin the discussion, here are a few brief thoughts with regard to steel versus aluminum. If an existing boat design is being considered, in other words a vessel that already has a fixed hull shape, then we can very generally observe the following:.

If we were to start from scratch and create a new design, we have the chance to optimize the hull form to take best advantage of the preferred material. With steelwe must design a hull with sufficient displacement to carry the structure. At pounds per cubic foot, the weight of a you tube boats to build 70 structure adds up very quickly. For smaller vessels, say below around 35 feet, this makes for a fairly heavy displacement.

In larger sizes, say above 40 feet, one can make excellent use of steel. Above 45 feet and steel structure begins to come into its.

Above around 50 feet, a steel hull can actually be quite light for her length by traditional cruising vessel standards. I have somewhat arbitrarily given the lower limit of a good steel vessel as being around 35 feet of length. This is of course not a fixed limit.

The boundary of what can be built in steel is less a matter of boat length than it is a matter of shape and displacement. With proper design, one can successfully create a steel boat for coastwise or blue water sailing down to around 28 to 30 feet LOD.

Smaller is actually possible but compromises must be made! Adequate displacement must be maintained to carry the structure, and thus draft and beam may not be decreased below a certain point.

Therefore, roughly below around 30 feet the boat will require rather heavy displacement, likely resulting in a less graceful shape in you tube boats to build 70 to carry the structure. There will be that much less carrying capacity remaining for fuel, water, and the desired number of sandwiches and beer!

For small vessels of say less than around 40 feet, one can make a very convincing argument in favor of aluminum. At pounds per cubic foot, we can easily make use of greater plate thickness without much of a weight penalty, and still have a light weight structure. As an added bonus, the lighter weight of aluminum will permit a given hull form to be built with much greater you tube boats to build 70 than the same hull in steel.

In other words, you tube boats to build 70 the same weight budget an aluminum structure will be able to increase scantlings in order to have a considerably higher strength than the same design in steel. Any design optimized for steel construction can be readily adapted to being built in Copper Nickel or Monel without having to make changes you tube boats to build 70 the hull shape.

The overall weights will turn out to be within a similar range and the placement of internal framing will usually be identical or extremely similar. We can also say that any design that has been optimized for aluminum construction could be adapted to the use of Titanium for the you tube boats to build 70 structure without requiring any hull shape changes.

Since we know from experience that "form follows budget" the choice of materials for a boat's structure ultimately comes down to a question of cost, which we will consider.

Mild Steel: Due to fabrication issues, one cannot readily make use of less than 10 gauge mild steel plating 0.

Even 10 gauge mild steel plating can be very problematic to keep fair. It will have much greater distortion levels while welding than plate of a greater thickness. Even so, with a few essential metal boat building tricks learned, it is not much trouble to avoid distortion altogether in a 10 gauge steel hull.

With a few innovative approaches to the arrangement of structure, even less thickness is possible, down to say 12 gauge mild steel.

For an amateur builder however, working in 10 gauge mild steel without knowledge of you tube boats to build 70 few essential tricks, the result will often be excess distortion. The natural temptation then is to use greater plating thickness, but there must be adequate displacement to carry the greater weight.

It turns out that in the battle against distortion, it is better to use a few more strategically placed longitudinals. Other tricks will also ordinarily be employed to preserve fairness, such as temporary external you tube boats to build 70,.

In general it is possible to design and build very fine steel boats down to around 35 feet give or take a few feetthese smaller vessels will necessarily make use of 10 gauge mild steel plate and they will therefore necessarily require much greater skill in building.

Corten Steel: For smaller steel vessels that must use 10 gauge steel for plating, one can make you tube boats to build 70 very good case for using Corten steel. The higher yield strength is the primary justification for the use of Corten steel for metal boats, rather than imagining there to be any possible corrosion benefits.

Although Corten tends to rust much more slowly than mild steel, whether a boat is built of mild steel or of Corten steel it still must be sandblasted and painted everywhere both inside and. ASTM A is also known as "Cor-Ten B" and is the more commonly encountered current spec for Cor-Ten, with a minimum yield strength of 50k psi in plates of greater thickness.

An alternate newer spec for this alloy is A when referring to sheet, or A and AM when referring to plate. The addition of these alloying elements allows these steels to achieve greater strength by producing a more refined microstructure as compared with plain carbon steel mild steel.

The alloying elements provide a smaller crystalline grain size and a fine dispersion of alloyed carbides, thus providing higher yield strength without sacrificing ductility.

Aluminum is light, strong, corrosion resistant, non sparking, conducts electricity and heat well, and is readily weldable by MIG or TIG processes. In terms of ease of construction, aluminum is excellent. It can be cut with carbide tipped power tools, dressed with a router, filed and shaped easily, and so forth.

Aluminum is light, clean, and easy to work. Aluminum is therefore faster to fabricate than steel and welding aluminum is a very quick process, both resulting in a labor savings.

Pound for pound, you tube boats to build 70 cost of aluminum is much greater than steel. That aluminum is faster to fabricate and weld does help to reduce that ratio after labor costs are factored in. Since aluminum is much lighter than steel, there is the option to use much greater plate thickness within a given weight budget, which means that not only can the overall strength be greater than with steel, but the distortion levels can be much more easily managed.

In so doing, of course the cost will be proportionally greater. Aluminum alloys for use on boats are generally limited to the and the series. These two alloy groups are very corrosion resistant in the marine environment due to the formation of a tough aluminum oxide. These alloys are subject to pitting, but the pitting action slows as the oxide film thickens with age.

Aluminum alloys are subject to crevice corrosion, since they depend on the presence of Oxygen to repair themselves. What this means is that wherever aluminum is in contact with anything, even another piece of aluminum or zinc, it must be cleaned, properly prepared, and painted with an adhesive waterproof paint like epoxy, then ideally also protected with a waterproof adhesive bedding such as Sikaflex or 3M to prevent water from entering the interface.

Paint preparation is critical. Thorough cleaning, and abrasive grit blasting will provide the best surface for adhesion of paint or bedding.

Alternately, a thorough cleaning and then grinding with a coarse 16 grit disk will provide enough tooth for the paint to stay put. Aluminum is anodic to all other commonly used metals except zinc and magnesium, and must be electrically isolated from other metals.

A plastic wafer alone as an isolator is not sufficient. Salt water must be prevented from you tube boats to build 70 the crevice, which means that properly applied epoxy paint, adhesive bedding, and a non-conductive isolator should all be used.

Usually, one will compensate for the reduced strength in the heat affected zone either by providing a backup strip at any plate joint, and welding the plate joint thoroughly on both sides, or by providing additional longitudinal members to span any butt welds in the plating.

Ideally, plating butts will be located in the position of least stress. For you tube boats to build 70 general plating, this is ordinarily at one quarter of the span between frames.

In other words, with proper you tube boats to build 70 and design, the reduced strength of aluminum you tube boats to build 70 the heat affected zone is a you tube boats to build 70 issue. Aluminum hulls require special bottom paint. Organo-tin based anti-fouling paints can no longer be used as bottom paint except in such diluted formulations as to be nearly useless.

Practical Sailor Magazine did a controlled study of a large variety of anti-fouling paints over several years, during which they discovered that No-Foul ZDF outperformed ALL other antifouling paints during the first year of immersion in all waters. The conclusion? Refreshing the No-Foul coatings annually will result in a top performing system, as well as frequent inspection intervals for the hull.

The new formulation for No-Foul EP is considered to be an improvement due to the addition of an environmentally preferred booster biocide that helps control slime and grass. Another improvement is the change from a vinyl binder to an epoxy.

This makes the paint harder, and allows it to be applied over a wider variety of existing paints. Other non-copper based anti-fouling technologies continue to appear, and they all should be considered provided that there are no metals present that are more you tube boats to build 70 than aluminum.

A big savings with aluminum is that it is ordinarily not necessary to sand blast or paint the inside of the hull. Generally, due to its very good conductivity one must insulate an aluminum hull extremely. The most common insulation is blown-in polyurethane foam, although our present recommendations have drifted away from those materials. In combination with a light primer or mastic, one can make an excellent case for the use of cut-sheet foams, such as Ensolite and Neoprene, where it is desirable to lightly blast the aluminum, and provide an epoxy primer or other barrier coating prior to insulating.

Various coatings for the interior of an aluminum boat are available which provide sound deadening and insulation. Our preference is to use Mascoat MSC at 20 mils thickness throughout, with an additional 60 mils thickness in the engine room for sound attenuation. Then to apply Mascoat DTM at mils thickness throughout over that as insulation. With this system it is not necessary to pre-paint the surfaces, nor to use additional insulation, although for colder waters a cut sheet foam can be added.

On the exteriorexcept on the bottom or locally where things are mounted you tube boats to build 70 the hull surface, it is completely unnecessary to paint an aluminum hull. This represents such a large cost savings that if the exterior is left unpainted, building in aluminum will often cost LESS than building the same vessel in steel.

More or less, the cost difference amounts to the cost of painting the exterior of the aluminum hull We have already seen that a point in favor of aluminum is that a much lighter weight you tube boats to build 70 can be built than would be possible in steel. This is a performance advantage as well as a cost advantage. Not only will the lighter displacement boat be relatively less costly to build, it will also be much less costly to push through the water.

Lighter weight means less horsepower is needed for the same speed, which means less fuel will be used to achieve the same range, both of which augment the overall savings in weight. One might argue that with a lighter boat there will possibly be less room below, the lighter boat being narrower on the waterline, and possibly less deep. With proper planning, this need not be an issue. On the plus side, even if an aluminum boat costs slightly more than a steel vessel to build if paintedan aluminum boat will have a much higher re-sale value than a steel boat.

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