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NCERT Solutions for Class th medium Oct 23, �� NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Our Environment (Hindi Medium) Class 10 Science Our Environment Mind Map. Eco-system It is defined as functional unit of nature, where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment. Hence, there are two main components of the ecosystem:Estimated Reading Time: 8 mins. NCERT Solutions in Hindi medium have been created keeping those students in mind who are studying in a Hindi medium school. These NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Periodic Classification of Elements in Hindi medium pdf download have innumerable benefits as these are created in simple and easy-to-understand myboat269 boatplansted Reading Time: 50 secs.
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Urea also returns to the nitrogen cycle. Which of the following limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain? At each trophic level, a large portion of energy is utilised for the maintenance of organisms that occur at that trophic level.

So, organisms at higher level gets less and less energy at successive levels. If a grasshopper is eaten by a frog, then the energy transfer will be from a producer to decomposer b producer to primary consumer c primary consumer to secondary consumer d secondary consumer to primary consumer Answer: c In a food chain, if a grasshopper is eaten by a frog, then the energy transfer will be from primary consumer to secondary consumer.

Grasshopper feeds on producers i. So, it occupies the level of primary consumer. Frogs, eating grasshopper thus become the secondary consumer. In the given food chain, suppose the amount of energy at fourth trophic level is 5 kJ, what will be the energy available at the producer level? In this food chain, at the 4th trophic level, only 5 kJ energy is available to the snake.

So, the energy available at the producer level will be kJ. It can be shown as. Eco-system It is defined as functional unit of nature, where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment. Hence, there are two main components of the ecosystem: Biotic: Living organisms such as plants, animals, microorganisms and humans. Abiotic: It includes physical factors such as temperature, rainfall, wind, soil and minerals.

Examples of natural ecosystem: forests, ponds, lakes, etc, and human made or artificial ecosystems are gardens, crop-fields, aquarium etc. Ecosystem consists of various organisms which can be classified as producers and consumers. Producers are the organisms which make organic compounds like sugar, starch, etc from inorganic substances with the help of sunlight and chlorophyll. Consumers are the organisms which are dependent on producers for their nutrition.

They can be grouped as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, parasites, and decomposers. Thus, they help in proper cycling of the nutrients in an ecosystem. Have you ever wondered why we need to clean aquarium but not lakes or ponds? It is because aquarium is an artificial and incomplete system which lacks producers, food chains, and decomposers.

In contrast lake or ponds are natural and complete ecosystem where there is perfect recycling of nutrients and thus does not need to be cleaned very often. Waste Material Waste material can be broadly classified into two categories depending on their degradation:. Food Chains And Webs In an ecosystem, there exists a series of organisms feeding on one another. This series or organisms taking part at various biotic levels form a food chain. Alternatively, food chain can be defined as a linear network of food or energy flow starting from producer and ending at apex predator.

Trophic Level Based on the source of their nutrition or food, organisms occupy a specific place in food chain that is known as their trophic level. There are usually four trophic levels:. Environmental Problems Depletion of the ozone layer: Ozone O 3 is a molecule formed by three atoms of oxygen. It is located in upper part of the atmosphere called stratosphere and it acts as shield absorbing UV radiation from sun.

Waste disposal: Improvements in our life-style have resulted in greater amounts of waste material generation. For e. It is interesting note that how unknowingly some harmful chemicals enter our bodies through the food chain. It happens by two ways: Overuse of several pesticides: These chemicals are either washed down into the soil or into the waterbodies. From the soil, these are absorbed by the plants along with water and minerals, and from the water bodies these are taken up by aquatic plants and animals.

Biological magnification: It is defined as an increase in the concentration of the toxicant at successive trophic levels. These chemicals are not degradable and the organism can neither metabolize nor excrete them and thus they get accumulated progressively at each trophic level.

In addition, human beings occupy the top level in any food chain and thus a maximum concentration of these chemicals gets accumulated in our bodies. Grasshopper represents second trophic level. Frog represents third trophic level. Eagle represents fourth tropic level. Page Number: Question 1 Why are some substances biodegradable and some non-biodegradable?

Page Number: Question 1 What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem? If the herbivores are killed, then the carnivores would not be able to get food and would die. If carnivores are killed, then the population of herbivores would increase to unsustainable level. If producers are killed, then the nutrient cycle in that area would not be completed. Answer: The problems caused by the non-biodegradable wastes are : If the quantity of non-biodegradable matter increases in the nature then bio-magnification of poisonous chemicals in our body increases.

If the non-biodegradal waste keeps on increasing there will not be left any substance for new organisms. The increasing quantity of non-biodegradable waste will cause imbalance of ecosystem. Answer: They may produce foul smell during decomposition process. They may produce some harmful gases such as ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, etc. Answer: These inert substances simply persist in the environment.

This means that these substances require land area for dumping. Excess of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals changes soil chemistry and also affects aquatic life. Most of these chemicals and heavy metal are easily absorbed by the organisms.

This causes biological magnification. Consider the following food chain: Question 2. Answer: Role of decomposers in the ecosystem : They help in breaking down the complex organic into simple inorganic that go into the soil and are used up by the plants.

They the nutrient pool of the putting In this way, ad as cleansing agents of nature. They help in maintaining the fertility of by adding humus content to it. Page : Question 1. It may affect any ecosystem in the following ways : At the surface of the earth, it is a deadly poison for all lower forms of life. If this layer gets depleted, then it may cause cancer in human beings including other plants and animals.

Answer: By changing our lifestyle and change in attitude will reduce disposable waste. Reducing packaging. Recycling of waste. Preparing compost of biodegradable waste. Excercise: Question 1. Steps which are taken to limit this damage : To decrease the use of synthetic chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons CFCs which are used as refrigerants and in fire extinguishers.

Waste Material Waste material can be broadly classified into two categories depending on their degradation: Biodegradable Waste These are the wastes that can be broken down into simpler compounds by the action of bacteria or other saprophytes. In addition, physical processes such as high temperature and pressure also act on them however, under ambient conditions these substances persist in our environment for a very long time.

Some examples of such wastes are food materials, kitchen wastes, and other natural Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Science In Hindi Medium Facebook wastes. Non-biodegradable Waste These are the substances that are not broken down into simpler compounds by the action of microorganisms. These substances may be inert and simply persist in the environment for a long time or may harm the various members of the eco-system. They are the main causes of air, water and soil pollution and diseases like cancer.

Some examples of such waste are plastic, cans, metals, and chemicals for agricultural and industrial purposes. There are usually four trophic levels: I trophic level: It includes producers or autotrophs for e. II trophic level: It includes primary consumer or herbivores for e. Answer: While diluting an acid it is recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid because if water is added to concentrated acid to dilute it, then a large amount of heat is evolved at once.

Answer: When a given amount of an acid is added to water, there is a fixed number of hydronium ions per volume of the solution. On dilution, the number of hydronium ions per volume decreases and concentration decreases. Question 6 How is the concentration of hydroxide ions OH � affected when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide? Answer: The concentration of hydroxide ions will increase when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide, but it happens to a limited extent only after which the concentration becomes almost constant.

Question 1 You have two solutions A and B. The pH of solution A is 6 and pH of solution B is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration? Which of this is acidic and which one is basic? Answer: A pH value of less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, while greater than 7 indicates a basic solution.

Since solution A has more hydrogen ion concentration, solution A is acidic and solution B is basic. If yes, then why are these basic? But these are far less in number than OH � ions that is responsible for their basic nature. Question 4 Under what soil condition do you think a farmer would treat the soil of his fields with quick lime calcium oxide or slaked lime calcium hydroxide or chalk calcium carbonate? Answer: If the soil is too acidic having low pH then it is treated with materials like quick lime calcium oxide or slaked lime calcium hydroxide or chalk calcium carbonate.

Question 1 What is the common name of the compound CaOCl 2? Answer: Bleaching powder. Question 2 Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder. Answer: Slaked lime Ca OH 2. Question 3 Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water. Answer: Sodium carbonate. Question 4 What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated.

Give the equation of the reaction involved? Answer: Solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate on heating gives sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide gas is evolved. Question 5 Write an equation to show the reaction between plaster of Paris and water. Question 1 A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be a 1 b 4 c 5 d 10 Answer: d Question 2 A solution reacts with crushed-egg shells to give a gas that turns lime water milky.

Question 4 Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion? Question 6 Compounds such as alcohol and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an activity to prove it. The bulb does not glow in this case also. This shows that alcohols and glucose are not acids. Question 7 Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rainwater does? Answer: Distilled water does not conduct electricity because it does not contain any ionic compound like acids, bases or salts dissolved in it.

Rainwater, while falling to the earth through the atmosphere, dissolves an acidic gas carbon dioxide from the air and forms carbonic acid H 2 CO 3. Hence, due to the presence of carbonic acid which provides ions to rainwater, the rainwater conducts electricity. Question 8 Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water? The acid produces hydrogen ions only in the presence of water. So in the absence of water, an acid will not form hydrogen ions and hence will not show its acidic behaviour.

Which solution is a Neutral b Strongly alkaline c Strongly acidic d Weakly acidic e Weakly alkaline Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration. Question 10 Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. In which test tube will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why?

Answer: Fizzing will occur more vigorously in test tube A. Being strong acid, the hydrochloric acid solution contains a much greater amount of hydrogen ions in it due to which the fizzing will occur more vigorously in test tube A containing hydrochloric acid. The fizzing is due to the evolution of hydrogen gas which is formed by the action of acid on the magnesium metal of magnesium ribbon.

Question 11 fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd? Explain your answer. Answer: pH of milk falls below 6 as it turns into curd due to the formation of lactic acid during this process. Lactic acid present in it reduces its pH value. Question 12 A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.

Answer: a Milk is made slightly alkaline so that it may not get sour easily due to the formation of lactic acid in it. Question 13 Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container. Explain why? Answer: Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container because the presence of moisture can cause slow setting of plaster of Paris by bringing about its hydration.

This will make the plaster of Paris useless after sometime. Question 14 What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples. Answer: The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water is called a neutralisation reaction. Question 15 Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda. Answer: Uses of washing soda : i Washing soda is used in glass, soap and paper industries.

Uses of baking soda : i Baking soda is used as an antacid in medicines to remove acidity of the stomach. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Science In Hindi Medium Web and a basic solution respectively. Solution: The contents of each test tube would be identified by change in colour of red litmus paper. For example, when we wet the red litmus paper with the basic solution, it changes into blue colour. Put the changed blue litmus paper in the solution which turns the blue to red will be the acidic solution.

The solution, which has no effect on any litmus paper, will be neutral and hence it will be distilled water. Question 2 Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels? Solution: Curd and other sour foodstuffs contain acids, which can react with the metal of the vessel to form poisonous metal compounds which can cause food poisoning and damage our health. Question 3 Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? Solution: When an acid reacts with metal, a salt and hydrogen gas is formed.

Question 4 Metal compound A reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence. Solution: The gas that extinguishes a burning candle is carbon dioxide, which is formed by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on a metal carbonate and produces effervescence.

Now, since one of the compounds formed is calcium chloride, it shows that the metal compound is calcium carbonate. Thus, the metal compound A is calcium carbonate CaCO 3. Calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.

This can be written as:. The compounds such as glucose and alcohol also contain hydrogen but they do not show acidic character. Question 6 Why does an aqueous solution of acid conduct electricity? Solution: The aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity due to the presence of charged particles called ions in it. Question 7 Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper?

Solution: Dry HCl gas does not contain any hydrogen ions in it, so it does not show acidic behaviour. Class 10 Science Chapter 5 solution Hindi mediums are created by our in-house experts keeping the understanding ability of all types of candidates in mind. NCERT textbooks and solutions are built to give a strong foundation to every concept. Upon visiting the website, you have to register on the website with your phone number and email address.

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