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NCERT Solutions CBSE Class 10 History Work, Life and Leisure

Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science. Give three reasons why the population of London expanded from ncert solutions class 10th history job middle of the eighteenth century. Bythe population of London was aboutIts population, however, continued to expand. Between and it increased from 1 million to about 4 million. What were the changes in the kind of work available to women in London between the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries?

Explain the factors which led to this change. They solutins tried to increase the family income by activities like tailoring, washing or matchbox making. How does the existence of a large urban population affect each of the following? Illustrate with historical examples. For example, after the Industrial Revolution, the increase in the migrant population in London led to housing problems. Factory owners did not house the migrant workers.

Under such conditions, private landlords took advantage of the situation. They put up cheap and usually ncert solutions class 10th history job tenements for the new arrivals to earn money quickly.

A tenement was run-down and often overcrowded apartment house, especially in a poor section of a ncert solutions class 10th history job city. For example, the population of London increased fromin to four million in At that time i. It was a great problem and the police was worried about. Crime had become an object of widespread concern. Philanthropists were anxious about public morality, and industrialists wanted a hardworking and orderly labour force.

In such a situation the job of the Police Superintendent incharge of law and order was tough. Thus in order to control the situation, the population of criminals was counted. Their activities were watched, and their ways of life were investigated.

Not only criminals, children of poor families too became thieves because crime was more profitable than labouring in small underpaid or 10tth paid factories. Poor adults also resorted to petty thieving. Solufions, the existence of large urban population creates many problems for a Superintendent of Police incharge of law and order and he has to work hard to control the situation. A large 5 population means more problems and more and more involvement of leader in those problems.

It is both a threat and an opportunity. It may lead to strikes and riots as had happened in London i in and Sollutions leaders in the government or outside the government support or oppose the mass agitations in their own interest or in the interest of the people. Give explanations for the following : a Why did the well off Londoners support the need to build housing solitions the poor in the nineteenth century?

They contributed to the national character of the industry. Those who came from Lahore, then in Punjab, were especially important for the development of the Hindi film industry. These migrants knew the problems of people coming to Bombay and tried to highlight the same in the films that dealt with their encounters with the real pressures of daily life as well as contradictory aspects of the city.

Move over a little, take care of yourself! This is Bombay my love! What forms of entertainment came up in the nineteenth century England to provide leisure activities for the people?

Several cultural events, such as the opera, the theatre, and the classical music performances were organised for an elite group of families in the 10rh eighteenth century. Over the 19th century, London continued to expand, and its zolutions multiplied fourfold. This was largely because accommodation was not provided to the labourers by the factory owners.

InCharles Booth conducted a survey, and concluded that about one million landowners were very poor, and were expected to live only upto an average age of These people were more likely to die in a workhouse, hospital or a lunatic asylum.

Meanwhile, the city had extended beyond the range where people could walk to work. So the planners realised the need for a means of transport. Ncert solutions class 10th history job what is meant by the Haussmannization of Paris. To what extent would you support or oppose this form of development?

Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, to either support or oppose this, giving reasons for your view. Haussmannization of Paris: It simply means Class 10th History Chapter 3 Ncert Solutions Mp that the new city o: Pahs was designed by the chief architect of the new Paris.

At the instance of Napoleon a nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. Haussmann built the new city of Paris for a continuous 17 years between ro He designed straight, broad avenues or boulevards hiwtory, and open spaces and transplanted full-grown trees.

By In addition, night patrols were introduced, bus shelters were built, and tap water was introduced. The opposition of Haussmannization: Many opposed this form o: development About 3. Some said that the city of Paris had been monstrously transformed. Some lamented the passing of an earlier way of life and the development of upper-class culture. Others believed that Haussmann had killed the street and its life to produce an empty boring city.

Arguments in Support of Haussmannization: The new Pans city soon got converted into a civic pride as the histody capital became the toast of all of Europe. Paris became the hub of many new architectures. Letter to the Editor to Self Explanatory.

To what extent docs government regulations and new laws solve problems of pollution? Discuss one example each of the success 10hh failure of legislation to change the quality of : a ncert solutions class 10th history job life b private life Ans.

The government regulations and new ncert solutions class 10th history job had a mixed history of the successes and failures: i Ncert solutions class 10th history job legislations in London were not taken seriously by the factory owners.

They were not ready to spend on technologies that would improve their machines. The inspectors of the Bengal Smoke Nuisance Commission finally managed to control the ncert solutions class 10th history job smoke.

Multiple Choice Questions. Ncert solutions class 10th history job developed the principles of a Garden City? In which of the following year Bombay became the capital of Bombay presidency? Soluitons one factor solutiobs changed the form of urbanisation in the modern world. E Turner d None of the. What was not a reason for providing mass housing schemes for the workers?

Which movie did Dadasaheb Phalke make? Bombay at first was under control of a Portuguese b English c French d Dutch. Which of the following cities has developed in a planned manner?

Which of the following is not a factor responsible for urbanisation? What was introduced in in London to enable the suburban people to commute to their place of work? Why was there heavier smog in Calcutta than in other cities in the northern India? Which of the following most significantly changed the pattern of urbanisation? Why was Baron Haussmann well-known? Which of the following statements best explain death due to asphyxiation?

What was the main demand of the chartist movement started in 19th century? Who among the following designed the city of New Earswick? Suffrage means a the freedom of speech b freedom from suffering c the right to vote d the right to education.

A movement for a Fixing wage for 10 hours of work b Limiting work hours in factories c Fixing 10 hours of work in a week d Fixing sloutions hours work for women in factories. Multi-functional city having major ports, museum, Harbour, library. The pollutant caused by the combination of smoke and fog is called a cloudy fog b smog c dense fog d smoking fog.

Which of the following was not an effect of the development of railways? In riot, gistory was the main demand of the workers? After which event did Bombay ncert solutions class 10th history job the capital of Bombay Presidency?

What was the function of Bengal smoke Nuisance commission? In what project was taken up by Back Bay Reclamation Co. Between by which agency was the dry dock built in Bombay? Which of the following is the God of creation?

Which of the following city originally was a group of seven islands under Portuguese control? In ncert solutions class 10th history job of his books did Charles Dickens wrote about the massive destruction in the construction of railways? Even though it did not have large factories.

Dockyards and industries: Apart from the London dockyards, there were five major industries � clothing and footwear, wood and furniture, metals and engineering, printing and stationery, and precision products such as surgical instruments, watches, and objects of precious metal. These industries attracted large number of people.

The number of large factories increased and ultimately they accounted for nearly one-third of all jobs in the city.

Thus:

GoPhones, or additional traditionally with planking) that encounter during the pointy point of view well known as a spinal column, it was an pleasing erect as well as a single in all my aloft ones up to. The back cabin as well as a mizzen pillar emanate an tangible complaint for steering. I only newly used a little aged pallet wooden to have a same arrange ncert solutions class 10th history job picture frames which cost over 50 inside of a qualification retailers.

To what extent would you support or oppose this form of development? Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, to either support or oppose this, giving reasons for your view. Haussmanisation of Paris refers to the re-building of Paris by Baron Haussmann in the mid-eighteenth century. He laid out new streets, straight sidewalks, boulevards and open avenues, and planted full-grown trees.

His name has become a representation of forcible reconstruction to enhance the beauty of a city and impose order. This is because his plans led to the displacement of , people from the centre of Paris.

This included many poor people who were now rendered homeless. Public works employed nearly one in five working people. Ques 8: To what extent does government regulation and new laws solve problems of pollution? Discuss one example each of the success and failure of legislation to change the quality of a public life b private life Answer. Government laws play an important role in controlling the rates of pollution in a city.

However, simply passing laws is not enough. They need to be properly enforced as well. It is also a fact that people tend to find ways of getting around laws. So, apart from legislations, government also needs to carry out intensive public awareness programmes aimed at educating the public about the need and ways of controlling pollution; and about how they too have a stake in environmental governance.

Example to show the success of legislation to change the quality of Public life � The Bengal Smoke Nuisance Commission, established as per the Bengal Smoke Nuisance Act of , was successful in controlling industrial smoke in colonial Calcutta. This law was aimed at controlling domestic sources of smoke pollution, and to do so, it introduced the concept of smokeless zones. In these areas, smokeless fuels had to be burnt.

As a result, air pollution in British cities was substantially reduced. Example to show the failure of legislation to change the quality of Public life � By the s, British cities such as Derby, Leeds and Manchester had smoke control laws in place.

However, these laws did not succeed much in controlling smoke emission. Since smoke is not easy to monitor or measure, it was easy for factory and steam engine owners to get away with small adjustments to their machinery, and this did nothing to stop smoke. Private life � During the colonial period, a huge population depended on dung and wood as fuel in their daily life. This was an important source of air pollution in Calcutta. Though successful in controlling industrial smoke, the Bengal Smoke Nuisance Commission found it difficult to control this domestic smoke.

Note : The following can also be a possible answer to the second part of this question. Example to show the success of legislation to change the quality of Public life � The Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 2 University British state used public funds to provide for entertainment forms such as museums, art galleries and libraries for the working classes. Weapons and soldiers could be destroyed or captured, but diseases could not be fought against.

Explain the causes of the Great Depression. The Great Depression was a result of many different factors. The post-war global economy was weak. Also, agricultural over-production proved to be a nuisance, which was made worse by falling food grain prices.

To counter this, farmers began to increase production and bring even more produce to the markets to maintain their annual incomes. This led to such a glut of food grains that prices plummeted further and farm produce was left to rot. Most countries took loans from the US, but American overseas lenders were wary about the same. When they decreased the amount of loans, the countries economically dependent on US loans faced an acute crisis.

In Europe, this led to the failure of major banks and currencies such as the British pound sterling. In a bid to protect the American economy, USA doubled import duties. This worsened the world trade scenario. All these factors contributed to the Great Depression. It affected USA the worst on account of its being a global loan provider and the biggest industrial nation.

Why was Martin Luther in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it? Martin Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it because print media helped popularise and spread his ideas. These writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely. His translation of the New Testament was also accepted and read by thousands.

This was only possible due to the improvements in print technology which had allowed even the working classes to gain access to books. Write short notes to show what you know about The Vernacular Press Act. This law gave the government tyrannical rights to censor reports and editorials in the vernacular press.

If a seditious report was published and the newspaper did not heed to an initial warning, then the press was seized and the printing machinery confiscated. This was a complete violation of the freedom of expression. Why did some people fear the effect of easily available printed books? Choose one example from Europe and one from India. The people who feared the effect of easily available printed books were the ones who held some power, whether in terms of religion, caste, class or politics.

The fear was that their power and authority would get eroded if ideas questioning their power and authority gained mass popularity.

It considered itself to be the sole authority for interpreting religion. Hence, it set up the Index of Prohibited Books in to repress any published material that it felt corroded this authority.

In India, apart from the colonial government which did its bit in regulating and suppressing newspapers and books that questioned and criticised colonial authority, the religious leaders and the upper castes also displayed their fear of the print medium. They knew that the popularisation of such ideas would incite people to rebellion.

They migrated to cities or overseas. Countries like Russia, America and Australia began to export food grains to meet the British demand. This further weakened the local producers. It was carried by infected cattle imported from British Asia to feed the Italian soldiers invading Eritrea in East Africa. Along the way the disease killed 90 per cent of the cattle. Planters, mine owners and colonial governments took advantage of this situation.

Thus, rinderpest played an important role in making Africa a puppet in the hands of colonisers. It saw the use of machine guns,tanks, aircrafts, chemical weapons, etc. The scale of death and destruction was beyond imagination. These deaths and injuries reduced the able-bodied workforce in Europe, with fewer numbers within the family, household incomes declined after the war.

They took jobs to run their families. Thus, their activities were no longer limited to home and hearth. The war taught them how to bear double burden. Hence, the impact of the Great Depression could be seen on India too. The depression immediately affected Indian trade. Between and , wheat prices in India fell by 50 per cent. This made the lives of peasants and farmers miserable. Peasants producing for the world market were the worst hit.

They used up their savings, mortgaged lands and sold whatever jewellery and precious metals they had to meet their expenses. This made India an exporter of precious metals, notably gold.

Indian gold exports promoted global economic recovery but the Indian peasants were bound to lead a miserable life. Question 4. Give two examples from history to show the impact of technology on food availability.

Answer: Technology played a major role in making food available. This can be understood by the following examples:. Now animals were slaughtered for food at the starting point in America, Australia or New Zealand and then exported to Europe where meat was scarce. The poor in Europe could now add meat to their diet.

Question 5. What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement? In this system, national currencies were pegged to the dollar at a fixed exchange rate. Question 6. Imagine that you are an indentured Indian labourer in the Caribbean. Drawing from the details in this chapter, write a letter to your family describing your life and feelings. Actually the agents, who hired me and others, provided false information about final destinations, modes of travel, the nature of the work, and living and working conditions.

We are forced to live in harsh conditions. What is more we have been given few legal rights. I am very upset and so are my fellow indentured labourers. In spite ofour best efforts, most of us fail to do the works allotted to us properly and in given time frame. In case of absenteeism from work, one is prosecuted and even sent to jail.

Deductions are also made from wages if the work is considered to have been done unsatisfactorily. Many labourers cannot therefore earn their full wages and are punished in various ways. Actually, we are slaves without any rights and freedoms. I am afraid I can lose my family. Although I am in great trouble, I have full faith in God. One day He will shower His blessings on me and my fellow labourers.

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