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Question 1 Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which chapher place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas. Answer 1 From Asia:. From the Americas:. Chaptfr 2 Explain how the global transfer of disease in the premodern world helped in the colonisation of cjapter Americas.

Answer 2 By the mid-sixteenth century Europe defeated America not with military power but they Americans got killed due to the germs of smallpox brought by Europeans with. America had been nfert off from regular contact with the solutioms of the world for millions of years.

Smallpox proved to be a deadly killer for. It spread deep into the continent, killed and devastated the whole community, thus paving the way for European conquest. Question 3 Write a note to explain the effects of the following:. Answer 3 a The British government finally abolished the Corn Laws which brought a lot of changes in the British economy:.

Food could be imported into Britain more cheaply than it could be produced within the country. British agriculture failed to compete with imports. Nceet areas of land were left uncultivated. Thousands of men and women became unemployed. This led to migration of people to the cities or overseas. It started in East Africa and soon spread to the other parts of the continent.

It spread through an infected cattle imported from British Asia to feed necrt Italian soldiers invading Eritrea in East Africa. Effects of rinderpest on Africans. Rinderpest killed 90 per cent of the cattle. The loss of cattle destroyed African livelihoods.

European colonisers thus conquered and subdued Claes. It saw the use of machine guns, tanks, aircraft, chemical weapons. Millions of soldiers had to be recruited from around the world and moved to the frontlines on large ships and trains.

The scale of death and distruction was beyond imagination. Most of the killed and maimed were men of working age. These deaths and injuries reduced the ablebodied workforce in Europe with fewer members within the family, household incomes declined after the war.

Since men went to battle, women stepped in to undertake jobs that earlier only men were cllass to. Thus, the war transformed the Ncert solutions class 10th history chapter 3 year from being an international debtor than international creditor. The great depression ncery affected Indian trade. As international prices crashed, prices in India also plunged. Between andwheat prices in India fell by 50 per cent.

Peasants and farmers suffered more than urban dwellers. Though agricultural prices fell sharply, the colonial government refused to reduce revenue demands. Peasants producing for the world market were the worst hit.

However, the depression proved less grim for urban India. Question 4. Give two examples from history to show the impact of technology on food availability. Answer 4 i Faster railways, lighter wagons and larger ships helped move food more cheaply and quickly from faraway farms to final markets. Animals were ncetr slaughtered for food at the jear point America, Australia or New Zealand and then transported to Europe as frozen meat.

This reduced shipping costs and lowered meat prices in Europe. The poor in Europe could now add meat sloutions their diet. Better living conditions and nutritious diet promoted social peace. Question 5 What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement? Answer 5 In order to preserve economic stability and full employment in ncedt industrial world, the post-war international economic system was established.

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ncert solutions class 10th history chapter 3 year known as the World Bank was set up to finance post-war reconstruction and they started the financial operations in Decisionmaking authority was given to the Western industrial powers.

The Bretton Woods system was based on fixed exchange rates. The Bretton Woods system opened an era of unique growth of trade and ncert solutions class 10th history chapter 3 year for the Western industrial nations and Japan.

World trade grew annually. Question 6 Imagine that you are an indentured Indian labourer in the Caribbean. Drawing from the details in this chapter, write a letter to your family describing your life and feelings. Question 7 Explain the three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange.

Ncert solutions class 10th history chapter 3 year one example of each type ncert solutions class 10th history chapter 3 year flow which involved India and Indians and write a short account of it.

Question 8 Explain the causes of the Ckass Depression. Answer 8 The Great Depression was caused by a combination of several factors:. As a result, agricultural prices fell. As prices fell and agricultural incomes declined, farmers tried to expand production. This increased the volume of goods in the market. The situation got worsened in the market. Cyapter fell down. Farm produce rotted for a lack of buyers.

US overseas lenders got panicked at the sign of trouble and withdrew their. Countries that depended on US loans now faced acute financial problem. In Europe it led to the failure of some major banks and the collapse of currencies such as the British 10hh sterling.

In Latin America and elsewhere it intensified the slump in agricultural and raw material prices. Question 9 Explain what is referred to as the G countries? In what ways can G be seen as a reaction clasa the activities of the Bretton Woods twins?

Answer 9 After the Histoory World War, many parts of the world were still under European colonial rule and it took over two decades for the colonies in Asia and Africa to become free independent nations.

When they became free they faced many other problems such as poverty, lack of resources. Economies and societies were handicapped for being under colonial rule for long periods. The IMF and the World Bank, often referred to as the Bretton Woods twins, were designed to meet the financial needs of the industrial countries. As most developing countries were not much benefited from the fast economic growth of western countries, therefore they formed a group called�the Group of 77 or G in order to catch up the development in advanced industrial countries.

They demanded:. Find out more about gold and diamond mining in Ncert solutions class 10th history chapter 3 year Africa in the nineteenth century. Histofy controlled the gold and diamond companies? Who were the miners and what were their lives like? Answer i The first commercial mining of diamonds and gold started in the s and the s. Major sources of gem-quality diamonds were the Kimberley diamond fields in Gauteng, the Free State, and along the Atlantic coast.

People who controlled the diamond companies:. University and has many years of ncerg in teaching. She has started this educational chaptter with the mindset of spreading Free Education to.

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The Rowlatt Act was considered as Black Law and the Indians under the leadership of Gandhi decided to oppose it by non-violent civil disobedience which would start with a hartal on 6 April. Gandhiji thought that Satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggles. This was in context of the incident in Chauri-Chaura, a village in Gorakhpur district UP where twenty two policemen were brutally killed after they had fired on a political procession.

There had been disturbances in Madras and Calcutta also. The above factors made it clear that the country was not yet ready of mass movement.

So Gandhiji prevailed upon the Congress Working Committee to call off the movement. Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called Satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge.

It burns the flame of love. Non-violence is the supreme dharma. The idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth.

It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then the physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence. In Satyagraha, people including the oppressors � had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through the use of violence.

In this way by this struggle, truth was bound to ultimately triumph. Mahatma Gandhi believed that this dharma of non-violence would unite all Indians. The movement in the cities: The Movement started with middle-class participation in the cities.

Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. Swadeshi goods, especially cloth got a great impetus. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires.

Impact on industry: In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. Due to this, the demand for Indian textile mills and handlooms went up. The increase in demand provided a big relief to the vanishing textile industry of India. In Awadh, peasants launched the movement against the talukdars and landlords. Whereas the plantation workers launched the movement against the tea estate owners.

II Peasants in rural areas. The problems of the rural people were different from those of the urban people: The talukdars and landlords were demanding very high rents and a variety of other taxes. The peasants had no security of tenure. They were regularly evicted so that they could acquire no security of tenure.

The peasant movement demanded: Reduction of revenue Abolition of begar Redistribution of land Social boycott of oppressive landlords. Most of the tribal people were dependent on forests for their livelihood but under the new Forest Policy, the government had put several restrictions on the people : Closing large forest area for the tribal people.

Forcing the local people to contribute begar. Preventing people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits.

The government had passed the Inland Emigration Act of under which plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea estates without permission, and in fact, they were rarely given such permission. When the plantation workers heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of them defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed towards their homes. The plantation workers believed that the Gandhi Raj was coming, and everyone would be given land in their own villages.

The Salt March was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism because- It was the first time that Indian leaders decided to violate law. People were now asked not only to refuse cooperation with the British, but also to break colonial laws. Thousands of Indians in different parts of the country broke the salt law, manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of the government salt factories.

As the movement spread, foreign cloth was boycotted and liquor shops were picketed. Worried by the development, the colonial government began arresting the Congress leaders, one by one. This led to violent clashes in many places. Angry crowd demonstrated in the streets, facing armoured cars and police firing. Many were killed. When Mahatma Gandhi himself was arrested, industrial workers in Sholapur attacked police posts, municipal buildings, law courts and railway stations � all structures that symbolised the British rule.

By this Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference in London and the government agreed to release the political prisoners. Women participated in large numbers in the Civil Disobedience Movement. During the movement, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to Gandhiji. They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picked foreign cloth and liquor shops.

Many were put to jail by the police. The different political leaders differed over the question of separate electorates because of the following reasons : 1 The Congress leaders opposed the policy of the British Government in instigating different peoples in demanding separate electorate.

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Ambedkar c Fear from socialism d Fear from industralists 6. Justice Party of Madras was a party of a non-muslims b non-brahmins c non-tamils d judges Baba Ramchandra led a Peasant Movement in Avadh against the a British government b the ruler of Avadh c the Talukdars d the moneylenders Students have to recognize all the events and their implications to answer with logical and critical thinking.

They also have to mention the reasons behind those movements. It is prepared in a lucid language to make students overcome the fear to memorize event dates and movements.

Vedantu has in-house subject matter experts who have hands-on experience in the preparation of subject matter. Experts also include the day to day changes that occur in CBSE pattern of examination so that students are always updated with the changing trends. What do you know about Garibaldi? Garibaldi is known as the physical force or the Sword of Italy.

He, with Mazzini launched the young Italy movement for the unification of Italy. He involved The Sardinian sailors to Revolt in A. Give feedback and suggestions to improve the contents of this website so that more and more students can take advantage of these free contents. Revision Books and study material in Hindi and English Medium is also available to free download.

How many chapters are there in History for Class 10? What are the learning objectives of Chapter 2 � Nationalism in India? What are the learning objectives of Chapter 4 � The Age of Industrialisation?

This was a successful war of independence waged by Greek revolutionaries between and against the Ottoman Empire. The Greeks were supported by the West European countries, while poets and artists hailed Greece as the cradle of European civilisation. Finally, the Treaty of Constantinople of recognised Greece as an independent nation. Briefly trace the process of German unification.

The process of German unification was continued by Prussia after the defeat of the liberal, middle-class Germans at the hands of the aristocrats and the military in Its chief minister Otto von Bismarck carried out this process with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy. Over seven years, Prussia fought three wars with Austria, Denmark and France. These wars culminated in Prussian victory and German unification.

How was the history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe? The history of nationalism in Britain was unlike that in the rest of Europe in the sense that it was forced down upon the masses. There was no concept of a British nation prior to the eighteenth century. The region was in fact inhabited by different ethnic groups English, Welsh, Scot, Irish. Each group had its own cultural and political tradition.

However, as the English state grew in terms of wealth, importance and power, it was able to extend its influence over the other states of the islands. The English parliament, which had seized power from the monarchy, played a crucial role in doing away with the ethnic distinctions and uniting the different groups into a British nation-state, with England at its centre.

The ethnic nationalities were, directly or indirectly, forced to join the English state to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The symbols of new Britain�the British flag, the national anthem and the English language were widely popularised, while the distinctive identities of the other joining states were systematically suppressed. English culture dominated the British nation, while the other states became mere subsidiaries in the Union.

Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act. It gave the government autocratic powers to repress political activities besides allowing it to detain political prisoners without a trial, for two years. The Indian were outraged by this act as it was clearly undemocratic and oppressive, and hurt national sentiments and dignity.

Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germania in Chapter 1.

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