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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Quadratic Equations NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 4; Download PDF Of Lakhmir Singh Solutions For Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 2. HCl, CH 3 COOH, H 2 SO 4, HNO 3, H 2 CO 3, H 2 SO 3. Solutions: A strong acid is one that completely ionises in water to form a large amount of hydrogen ion. Chemistry has always been a major part of science for the class 10 students. Its not very difficult to score good marks in chemistry if you learn the basic theory and have practice of the chemical formulas. Based on the studies made on the previous years questions we have picked some very important questions for class 10 Chemistry. A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek ??????????? (diakritikos, "distinguishing"), from ???????? (diakri?no, "to distinguish").The word diacritic is primarily a noun, though it is sometimes used as an adjective, whereas diacritical is only an.
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Different languages use different rules to put diacritic characters in alphabetical order. French and Portuguese treat letters with diacritical marks the same as the underlying letter for purposes of ordering and dictionaries. Languages that treat accented letters as variants of the underlying letter usually alphabetize words with such symbols immediately after similar unmarked words.

For instance, in German where two words differ only by an umlaut, the word without it is sorted first in German dictionaries e. However, when names are concerned e. For a comprehensive list of the collating orders in various languages, see Collating sequence. Modern computer technology was developed mostly in English-speaking countries, so data formats, keyboard layouts, etc. Efforts have been made to create internationalized domain names that further extend the English alphabet e.

Depending on the keyboard layout , which differs amongst countries, it is more or less easy to enter letters with diacritics on computers and typewriters. Some have their own keys; some are created by first pressing the key with the diacritic mark followed by the letter to place it on. Such a key is sometimes referred to as a dead key , as it produces no output of its own but modifies the output of the key pressed after it. Diacritics can be composed in most X Window System keyboard layouts, as well as other operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows, using additional software.

On computers, the availability of code pages determines whether one can use certain diacritics. Unicode solves this problem by assigning every known character its own code; if this code is known, most modern computer systems provide a method to input it.

With Unicode, it is also possible to combine diacritical marks with most characters. However, as of , very few fonts include the necessary support to correctly render character-plus-diacritic s for the Latin, Cyrillic and some other alphabets exceptions include Andika. The following languages have letters that contain diacritics that are considered independent letters distinct from those without diacritics.

English is one of the few European languages that does not have many words that contain diacritical marks. Instead, digraphs are the main way the Modern English alphabet adapts the Latin to its phonemes. The New Yorker magazine is a major publication that continues to use the diaeresis in place of a hyphen for clarity and economy of space. The following languages have letter-diacritic combinations that are not considered independent letters.

Several languages that are not written with the Roman alphabet are transliterated , or romanized, using diacritics. Some users have explored the limits of rendering in web browsers and other software by "decorating" words with multiple nonsensical diacritics per character. The result is called " Zalgo text ". The composed bogus characters and words can be copied and pasted normally via the system clipboard.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Glyph added to a letter. For the academic journal, see Diacritics journal. This template: view talk edit. Further information: Arabic diacritics. Further information: Greek diacritics. Further information: Hebrew diacritics. Further information: Brahmic scripts.

Further information: Syriac alphabet. Main article: Collation. Main article: English terms with diacritical marks. The New Yorker. Organ 6. Plastids, absent Photosynthesis Cell wall Match the following Match the items given in column I suitably with those given in column II Answer: 1. True or False State whether the given statements are true or false. Cytoplasm is not a part of cell. Cell wall surrounds the cell membrane. A group of similar cells is called tissue.

Tissues combine to form an organism. Cell are of different sizes. Chloroplasts are blue in colour. Plastid occur in plant cells only. Chromosomes contain basic hereditary units called genes. Nucleus is the control unit of cell. The shape and size of cell is related to its function. Organs make up tissues. The cytoplasm and nucleoplasm make up the protoplasm.

The smallest unit of life is chloroplast. Unicellular organisms have one-celled body. The cell wall is living in nature. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. False 7. True 8. True 9. True False Answer: Cell Question 2. Which cell does not have nucleus? Answer: Red blood cell Question 3. Answer: Microorganisms Question 4.

Answer: Multicellular organisms Question 5. Answer: Mitochondria Question 6. Name one example of prokaryotic cell. Answer: Blue-green algae Question 7. Answer: Unicellular Question 8.

Which instrument is used to observe cells? Answer: Micrbscope Question 9. Answer: Protoplasm Question What is the other name of cell membrane? Answer: Plasma membrane Question Answer: Chromatin Question Answer: Eukaryotic cell Question Name the following: Controls the function of a cell. Selectively allows things to get in and out of the cell. Transfer characters from parents to offsprings. Answer: Nucleus Cell membrane Genes Question 7.

Differentiate between a Cell wall and cell membrane b Leucoplast and chloroplast c Vacuole in a plant cell and an animal cell d A tissue and an organ Answer: a Cell wall Cell membrane i It is present in only plant cells. Example: Muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue, etc. It is made of similar tissues. Example: Heart, lung, stomach, etc. Answer: Main functional regions of a cell are: Plasma membrane: This is the membrane which makes the outer boundary of the cells.

It is very thin, delicate and selectively permeable. Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm is viscous, transparent jelly-like substance of the cell. It contains cell organelles. Nucleus: Nucleus controls the working of the cell. It is a dense oval body lying in the protoplasm of the cell. Following are the functions of cell membrane: It separates the cells from one another and also separates the cells from the surrounding medium. It gives a definite shape to the cell. Being porous, it allows the movement of substances from both inside and outside the cells.

Its porous structure helps in regulating the movement of materials through the cells. Can a cell work if any of its organelle stops working? What does a cell represent in a real life? What values do we get from the above paragraph? Answer: Cell would not work if any of its organelle stops working. Cell represent our society where various people do their work to maintain it.

We should perform our duty regularly and honestly for the betterment of the whole world. What do you think he might have forgotten? What is the function of a dye? Answer: c Ciliary muscles contract and extend in order to change the lens shape for focussing image ayretina.

The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult with normal vision is about [NCERT] a 25 m b 2. Answer: c The minimum distance at which an object can be seen most distinctly without any strain is 25 cm.

At noon the Sun appears white as [NCERT Exemplar] a light is least scattered b all the colours of the white light are scattered away c blue colour is scattered the most d red colour is scattered the most. Answer: a At noon, the Sun appears white because the light from the Sun is directly over head and travel relatively shorter distance. The Sun appears white as only a little of the blue and violet colours are scattered.

A person cannot see distinctly objects kept beyond 2 m. Which of the following phenomena of light are involved in the formation of a rainbow? Answer: c A rainbow is caused by dispersion, refraction and internal reflection of sunlight by tiny water droplets, present in the atmosphere and always formed in a direction opposite to that of the Sun.

The water droplets act like small prisms. They refract and disperse the incident sunlight, then reflect it internally and finally refract it again when it comes out of the raindrop. A narrow beam of white light is incident on the prism as shown in figure. In which of the following cases, after dispersion, the third colour from the top corresponds to the colour of the sky?

Answer: b In ii case, after dispersion, the third colour from the top corresponds to colour of the sky, i. A student sitting on the last bench can read the letters written on the blackboard but is not able to read the letters written in his text book.

Answer: a The student sitting on the last bench can read the letters written on the blackboard but is not able to read the letters written in his text book because he is suffering from hypermetropia or far sightedness. He can see distant objects clearly but cannot see nearby objects distinctly.

In the following diagram, the path of a ray of light passing through a glass prism is shown below. Answer: d Angle of incidence is the angle made by the incident ray with the normal to the first Class 10 Maths Ch 2 Ex 2.3 Pdf surface of prism, which is shown by angle Y. Angle of emergence is the angle made by the emergent ray with the normal to the surface when it comes out from the prism after refraction, which is shown by angle Q.

Angle of deviation is the angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray, which is shown by angle P. To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series, a student arranged the circuit components as shown in the diagram. But he did not succeed to achieve the objective. Answer: c Because positive terminal of ammeter must be connected with positive terminal of cell and negative terminal of an ammeter must be connected to negative terminal of a cell.

For the given circuit, name the components which are connected in parallel. Answer: b The components R 1 , R 2 and V are connected in parallel combination. Because terminals of the resistance and voltmeter are connected together. A student arranges the following circuit to get equivalent resistance of a series combination of two resistors R 1 and R 2.

Which one of the following statements will be true for this circuit [CCE ] a It gives incorrect reading for current I as well as potential difference V b It gives correct reading for current I but incorrect reading for potential difference V c It gives correct reading for potential difference V but incorrect reading for current I d It gives correct reading for both I and V. Answer: b The voltmeter should be connected across the components of and R 2 to give correct reading for potential difference.

An ammeter has 20 divisions between 0 mark and 2A mark on its scale. The least count of ammeter is a 0. A student finds that there are 20 divisions between zero mark and 1V mark of a voltmeter. The least count of voltmeter is a 0. The current flowing through a resistor connected in an electric circuit and the potential difference applied across its ends are shown in figure alongside.

Answer: b In a circuit, ammeter should be connected in series, while voltmeter in parallel. In an experiment on studying the dependence of the current I flowing through a given resistor on the potential difference V applied across it, a student has to change the value of the current. For doing this, he should change the a number of cells used b resistor itself c ammeter used in the circuit d Voltmeter used in the circuit.

Answer: a If we change the number of cells in electric circuit, the potential difference will change and as a result current flowing in the circuit changes. A milliammeter had graduations marked 0, , , , and The space between 0 mark and mark is divided into 20 divisions. If the pointer of the milliammeter is indicating the seventh graduation after mark, the current flowing in the circuit is a mA b mA c mA d mA. Answer: d If the circuit is closed for a long time, then current flows in it for a long time which results that the resistor is heated.

To determine the eguivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series, a student prepared two electric circuits, correct reading of ammeter in the circuits is [CCE ] a In circuit I, 1.

Answer: b Equivalent resistance of two resistors 3. When parallel resistors are of three different values, the potential difference across its terminals is [CCE ] a greatest across smallest resistance b greatest across largest resistance c equal across each resistance d least across the smallest resistance.

Answer: c Potential difference across each resistor is same in parallel combination of resistors. A compass is to be placed near a bar magnet with unknown poles. Outside the magnetic field, the compass needle is pointing towards North as shown below:. Answer: c Magnetic field lines always point from North pole to South pole around the magnet. Thus, compass needle follows the path difference of magnetic field lines. A bar magnet is broken into three parts X, Y and Z.

Which diagram show the poles in X, Y and Z? Answer: d When a magnet is broken into three parts X, Y and Z, each part is still a magnet and the strength of the magnetic force remains the same. An unmagnetised iron bar is placed near the end of a bar magnet. Which of the following diagram is correct? Answer: b The end of the iron bar nearer to the South pole of the bar magnet becomes induced North pole while the other end is South pole. The diagram shows a current-carrying wire passing through the centre of a square cardboard.

How do the strengths of the magnetic field at points X, Y and Z compare? Answer: d The closer to the wire, the stronger is the magnetic field strength. Since, the magnetic field is circular. Y is the closest followed by X than Z. A circular loop placed in a plane perpendicular to the plane of paper carries a current when the key is on. The current as seen from points A and B in the plane of paper and on the axis of the coil is anti-clockwise and clockwise, respectively.

The magnetic field lines point from B to A. Answer: a The N-pole of the resultant magnet is on the face close to A because, the magnetic field lines enter in loop from B and come out from A.

Also, as a matter of fact magnetic lines come out of the N-pole of magnet. Therefore, face close to A represents N-pole. The currents in A and B are same. A bar magnet is used to pick up an iron nail. At which parts X, Y and Z is the easiest for the magnet to pick up the iron nail? Answer: c The region with the highest density of magnetic field lines has the greatest strength. If the key in the arrangement as shown below is taken out the circuit is made open and magnetic field lines are drawn over the horizontal plane ABCD, the lines are [NCERT Exemplar] a concentric circles b elliptical in shape c straight lines parallel to each other d concentric circles near the point O but of elliptical shapes as we go away from it.

Answer: c When the key is taken out the circuit is made open , no current flows through the wire, hence no magnetic field exists due to the conductor. Four metal rods are placed in turn inside the solenoid to attract paper clips. The table below gives the results of the experiment when current is switched on and off.

Answer: c The core of the solenoid in a circuit breaker must be made of a soft type magnetic material which can be strongly magnetised but does not retain induced magnetism. Permanent magnets can be made using hard magnetic materials. Which of the following is not the correct method to make permanent magnets? Answer: d The AC supply will mix up the direction of the magnetic domains. In fact, this is one of the methods to demagnetise magnets.

In the arrangement shown in figure, there are two coils wound on a non-conducting cylindrical rod. Initially, the key is not inserted. Then, the key is inserted and later removed.

Then, a the deflection in the galvanometer remains zero throughout. Thus, the galvanometer shows momentary deflections in opposite directions. Answer: d In the given arrangement, whenever an electric current through the first coil is changed, an emf is induced in the coil due to change in magnetic field lines which pass through the neighbouring second coil.

When key is inserted and removed, then the magnetic field lines passing through second coil increases and decreases in two cases respectively. Therefore, the direction of current in two cases is opposite.

Which of the following is a non-renewable source of energy? Answer: c The fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy whereas wood, the Sun and wind are renewable sources of energy. Non-renewable sources of energy are those which are exhaustible and cannot be replaced, once they have been used. They are also known as conventional sources of energy. Answer: d The thermal power plant generates electric power from heat produced by burning fossil fuel, i. Everyday we burn a large amount of fossil fuels to heat up water to produce steam.

The steam so produced runs turbines to generate electricity. In a hydroelectric power plant more electrical power can be generated, if water falls from a greater height because [NCERT Exemplar] a its temperature increases b a large amount of potential energy is converted into kinetic energy c the electricity content of water increases with height d more water molecules dissociate into ions. Answer: b In a hydroelectric power plant, more electrical power can be generated, if water falls from a greater height, because the rise in water level causes the increase in potential energy of water.

Thus, when it flows from higher position more amount of kinetic energy is formed by the conversion of higher potential energy and this kinetic energy in the form of moving water can produce more electrical power.

The power generated in a windmill [NCERT Exemplar] a is more in rainy season, since damp air would mean more air mass hitting blades b depends on the height of the tower c depends on wind velocity d can be increased by planting tall trees close to the tower. Thus, the power generated in a windmill depends on wind velocity.

Choose the correct statement. Answer: a The Sun has been radiating an enormous amount of energy at the present rate for nearly 5 billion years and will continue radiating at that rate for about 5 billion years more, so the Sun can be taken as an inexhaustible source of energy.

Which part of the solar cooker is responsible for greenhouse effect? Answer: c Glass sheet present in the solar cooker easily passes the radiation into the solar cooker and the radiation gets absorbed and that reflected back by the black coating is of longer wavelength and cannot pass back out through the glass. Thus, glass sheet produces greenhouse effect in solar cooker. Ocean thermal energy is due to [NCERT Exemplar] a energy stored by waves in the ocean b temperature difference at different levels in the ocean c pressure difference at different levels in the ocean d tides arising out in the ocean.

Answer: b The water at the surface of the sea or ocean is heated by the Sun, while the water in deeper sections is relatively cold. Thus, ocean thermal energy is due to temperature difference at different levels in the ocean. The major problem in harnessing nuclear energy is how to [NCERT Exemplar] a split nuclei b sustain the reaction c dispose off spent fuel safely d convert nuclear energy into electrical energy.

Answer: c The major hazard of nuclear power generation is the storage and disposal of spent or used fuels. Improper nuclear waste storage and disposal result in environmental contamination as well as risk of accidental leakage of nuclear radiation.

It happened in Chernobyl disaster , Fukushima Nuclear disaster caused great damage to the living beings and habitats. Identify the original source of the energy which flows through a food chain? Answer: d All the living organisms get energy directly or indirectly from the sunlight reaching the surface of Earth.

A teacher draws the Ch 1 Maths Class 10 Pdf 010 pyramid of energy on board and writes A, B, C and D, in each trophic level as shown in the diagram given alongside.

Which level represents the herbivores? Answer: c The trophic levels represent the transfer of food or energy through various steps or levels in the food chain.

Producers harness the maximum energy followed by primary consumers, i. Which of the following groups contains only biodegradable items? Answer: a , c and d substances that are broken down decomposed by the biological processes are said to be biodegradable e. Which of the following constitutes a food-chain? Answer: b Each step of food chain form a trophic level. Producers grass forms the first trophic level, herbivore goat the second and carnivore human the third trophic level.

Which of the following are environment- friendly practices? Hence, all these practices are considered as environment friendly. Which of the following statements about food chain are correct? Answer: d A food chain is a series of organisms in an environment through which energy transfer occurs starting with a producer.

It proceeds in straight line. Food chain does not consist of branching lines. In class, the teacher explained the concept of food chain and energy flow. She made a diagram as given below and asked the students to identify the producer organism in the chain. Answer: b Cabbage is the producer component of this chain.

It produces food using sunlight and other components by photosynthesis process. Others are all consumers. An ecosystem includes a all living organisms b non-living objects , c both living organisms and non-living objects d sometimes living organisms and sometimes non-living objects.

Answer: c All the interacting organisms in an area taken together with the non-living constituents of the environment form an ecosystem. Thus, an ecosystem consists of biotic components including all living organisms and abiotic components constituting physical factors like temperature, rainfall, wind, soil and minerals.

In the following groups of materials, which group s contains only non-biodegradable items? Answer: d Substances that cannot be broken down by biological processes in nature are non-biodegradable.

On the other hand, substances that are broken down decomposed by biological processes are said to be biodegradable, e.

Which of the following statement is incorrect? Answer: b Green plants prepare their food from inorganic compounds using radiant energy of the sun in the presence of chlorophyll. All green plants and blue-green algae are called producers as they can prepare food from inorganic substances by photosynthesis. Producers capture the solar energy and convert it into chemical energy. What will happen if deer is missing in the food chain given below?

Answer: d If deer is missing in the given food chain, there will not be sufficient food for the tigers. Some of the tigers will die because of starvation and hence, the population of tigers will decrease.

Since, grass is eaten by deers, the population of grass will also increase whefl deer is missing. In a class activity, two students were asked to collect different items from their fellow mates and classify them as biodegradable and non- biodegradable. All the items have been identified except three. Find out which one is non-biodegradable among these? Answer: d Both b and c , i. These products are made from plastic and hence are non-biodegradable.

The diagram shows excretory losses from a rat to the environment. Which of the following will not be returned to the ecosystem and recycled? Answer: b Heat energy cannot be recycled, it gets lost in the environment. The generated is returned through the carbon cycle. Salts are used by living organisms present in the ecosystem. Urea also returns to the nitrogen cycle. Which of the following limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain? Answer: a Decrease in energy at higher trophic levels limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain.

At each trophic level, a large portion of energy is utilised for the maintenance of organisms that occur at that trophic level. So, organisms at higher level gets less and less energy at successive levels. If a grasshopper is eaten by a frog, then the energy transfer will be from a producer to decomposer b producer to primary consumer c primary consumer to secondary consumer d secondary consumer to primary consumer.

Answer: c In a food chain, if a grasshopper is eaten by a frog, then the energy transfer will be from primary consumer to secondary consumer. Grasshopper feeds on producers i. So, it occupies the level of primary consumer. Frogs, eating grasshopper thus become the secondary consumer.

In the given food chain, suppose the amount of energy at fourth trophic level is 5 kJ, what will be the energy available at the producer level? In this food chain, at the 4th trophic level, only 5 kJ energy is available to the snake. So, the energy available at the producer level will be kJ.

It can be shown as. Manu and Dheer goes to same school, but their parents drop and pick them separately. After learning about natural resources and their management, they talked to their parents, who arrived on few decisions. What could be the best possible decisions among those given below. Answer: d To save the resources like petrol and diesel used in cars, one can walk to their destination, if it is close, car pooling can be done by people sharing same locations, etc.

These practice will save the natural resources and reduce environmental pollution. The pH of water sample collected from a river.

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